语法填空.doc

专题解读【命题分析】 广东高考英语的语法填空题突出综合运用语言能力的考查，着重在语篇中考查考生的语法运用能力，强调语法知识在实际语言中的正确运用，其命题特点如下：1、短文长度：在150200词之间，其中2007年高考题是197词，2008年高考题是 词。2、命题形式：（1）提供单词原形：主要提供的是动词、形容词、名词三大类，考生需要根据语境写出正确的词形，一般有3个小题。（2）纯空格形式：考生需要根据语境在每个空格处填入一个合适的词，这类题大约有7小题，主要考查连词、介词、代词、冠词等。2、语法考点：从考试说明的样题和近两年的高考题来看，实词以动词、代词、形容词、副词为主，其中动词又是重中之重；虚词以介词、冠词为主。而句法方面主要考查复合句的引导词，如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句。现将近两年高考题语法考点分布列表如下：表一：2007年高考题考查内容词法句法合计动词时态非谓语代词副词介词冠词名词性从句定语从句题数1121211110表二：2008年高考题考查内容词法句法合计题数10从两年高考题的语法考查内容及题目的设计可以看出，考查的都是最基本的语法知识，没有往年单选题中的难题，设计也比较直接，没有过多的陷阱。【复习指导】针对高考语法填空题命题的特点，考生在复习备考中要注意以下几点：1、 系统掌握语法知识、了解语法功能语法填空题主要是考查考生的语法运用能力，所以考生必须全面、系统地掌握语法，了解语法的主要功能，在此基础上才能正确运用语法。考生在第一轮复习时可以依据语法书的专题讲解，逐一巩固所学知识，做到各个击破。同时要了解各项语法功能，要能够准确分析句子结构和句子成分，如主语和宾语通常由名词、代词充当，谓语有时态、语态的变化，定语常用形容词，状语要使用副词，介词、冠词的位置等等。对于句法主要是熟悉不同复合句的结构，准确判断从句的性质，并熟记各种引导词的作用。掌握了这些基本的语法知识，答题时才有充分的依据，否则就无从下手。2、 积累基础词汇、掌握常用的短语搭配语法填空题要求考生填入单词，即考查考生的语言输出能力，所以考生对基础词汇的拼写必须重视，否则就吃大亏。对于常用的、易错的词要多下工夫记忆，如不规则动词过去式、过去分词的变化形式，名词、形容词、副词、否定等的构词规则等等，都要一一熟记在心。另外，语法填空题也常考查考生对习语、惯用法和典型句式掌握的熟练程度，所以要求考生在平时复习的过程中要注意积累习语、短语，对固定搭配要了然于心，对典型句式做到脱口而出的程度。3、 强化语篇意识，提高理解能力语法填空题的最大特点是在语篇中考查语法知识，准确理解短文是做好语法填空题的前提。这就要求考生要重视提高阅读高理解能力，平时可以选择一些难度中等的文章进行精读，研究文章的写作思路、组织结构特点等等，适当利用完型填空题的文章进行精读、细读，强化语篇意识。随着阅读量的增加和阅读能力的不断提高，材料难度可以适当加大。【解题技巧】 由于语法填空题涉及的知识点比较基础，题目难度不是很高，所以解题技巧也是至关重要的。如何正确地运用自己知道的语法知识、提高答题的正确率？根据语法填空题命题的形式和特点，答题时我们可以从词义、词类、词性等方面入手。一、关于纯空格形式1、根据语境判断词义通过句意或语篇的要求确定单词的含义，此种设计考查点包括实词和虚词。值得注意的是，有时通过句子本身或上下两个句子就可以确定词义，但有时要通过几个句子、一个段落甚至整个篇章结构才能确定。判断词义可以通过定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定。（1）定义法：定义法是指通过定义解释、定语从句、同位语等判断词义，这类词主要是名词，如：We are all in the position of the_. If we plant a good seed, we will get a good harvest. If our seed is poor and full of weeds, well get a useless crop. If we dont plant anything, well harvest nothing at all.答案：farmer。解释：通过后面句子的含义解释可以确定空格词义是“农夫、农民”，特别是几个关键词“plant, seed, harvest”与farmer的工作特点是完全一致的。（2）对比法：对比法指通过句子的对比关系来判断所缺单词的词义，通常可以通过一些连词或副词来判断，如but, or, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand等。如：There are more _ teachers in my schools than men teachers.答案：women。解释：通过对比后面的men teachers可以确定空格词义是“女性的”，即名词women作定语修饰teachers。（3）因果法：指通过句子的内在联系或句子之间存在的因果关系来判断词义。如：The museum was so_ that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 答案：large。解释：根据结果状语从句的含义“不可能一天之内看完所有的展品”可以判断主句指的原因是“博物馆太大了”。（4）语境线索：即通过上下语境确定空格内要填的词义。如：One day mother looked at Nicks shoes and said, “Nick, look at your shoes. How _ they are! You must clean them”.答案：dirty。解释：根据语境“看看你的鞋子、你必须把它们弄干净”可以判断空格处词义是“脏的”，句意是“你的鞋子是多么脏！”。2、根据句子成分确定词性 对于纯空格形式的填空，在确定词义后，还要判断所填词的词性。词性的判断主要是通过分析句子的成分来确定。一般情况下可以作如下分析：(1)主语和宾语一般由名词、代词充当，有时也有动名词、不定式短语。如：From Monday until Friday, most people are busy working or studying, but in the evening or on weekends they are free to relax and enjoy _.答案：themselves。解释：此处考查代词作宾语的用法。根据句子结构，句子的主语是they，谓语是are free，to relax and enjoy _是目的状语，在这个状语中缺宾语，再根据语境“周末时自由放松”，所以要使用反身代词themselves。（2）谓语主要是由动词充当。在确定词义后，要判断其时态和语态。由于题目要求每空只填一词，所以时态一般只考查一般现在时和一般过去时。如：She is the one who always takes his sorrow as her own sorrow, the one who always _ by his side whether he is poor or rich.答案：stands。解释：此处考查作谓语的动词，根据语境，此空含义是“站在（他身边）”，即 stand 。同时根据前后句的时态可以判断要使用一般现在时，由于主语是she，所以使用第三人称单数stands。但有时也可能涉及非谓语动词，如：At midnight, I woke up to find the wife _ soundly in her mans embrace. I could see the smile of security on her face.答案：sleeping。解释：此处考查语境理解及宾补结构的用法。根据语境“半夜我醒来时发现那人的妻子正在她的男人的怀抱中熟睡”，所以使用动词sleep的现在分词形式充当补语。（3）表语、定语和补语一般由形容词充当，有时也有动名词、现在分词和过去分词等。如：Every year, on Spring Festival Eve, CCTV broadcasts its Spring Festival Gala_ to millions of viewers. 答案：live。解释：此处考查语境理解及形容词充当补语的用法。broadcastlive意为“现场直播”。（4）状语主要由副词充当。如：He dug for 12 hours24 hours. _,in the 38th hour, he pulled back a large stone and heard his sons voice.答案：Eventually /Finally。解释：此处考查语境理解及副词充当状语的用法。从语境可以理解到此空含义是“终于，最后”，由于是修饰后面的整个句子，所以使用副词形式。3、根据句子类型确定词类若两个或几个简单句之间是逗号，可以判断，一定是填连词。连词有两类，一种是并列连词，一种是从属连词。我们可以根据句子的类型判断所要填的词类。主要有以下几种句型：(1) 并列句：并列句一般由简单句+并列连词+简单句构成，有时并列连词前有逗号，可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词，如同等关系(and)、转折关系(but)、选择关系(or)、因果关系(so)等。如：“There are many mainland students at my university and all the other universities in Hong Kong. These students could not speak Cantonese at first, _ I had to speak putonghua to make friends with them” said Chueng.答案：so。解释：根据上下句的语义可以判断是因果关系，所以使用so。句意为“这些学生不会讲广州话，所以，为了跟他们交朋友，我不得不讲普通话”。 (2) 状语从句：当确定为状语从句后，就要通过语境理解，判断上下文的逻辑关系是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他，最后确定从属连词。如：_the sun came out, he looked down and laughed. There was no abyss. Just six inches down there was a rock.答案：As/When。解释：根据前后两个都是简单句可以判断是缺从属连词，从第一句的含义来看，是表示时间的状语从句，所以使用as/when。(3) 名词性从句：当确定为名词性从句后，可以分析从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语，如果缺以上成分，一般情况下要使用what，有时可能使用who/whom或which；如果不缺以上成分，则考虑句子意思是否完整，完整的句子可以使用that，意思不完整的则考虑where, why, how, because等。如：I was in the train sitting opposite a middle-aged couple. They were ordinary in every respect, but _ they did touched me deeply.答案：what。解释：此处考查主语从句的引导词。从句中缺表示物的主语，所以使用what。(4)定语从句：当确定为定语从句后，首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点，还是其他，然后判断引导词在从句中的成分，再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个引导词。如：However, Cheung, _ graduated from Hong Kong Baptist University this summer, has found that now she needs putonghua more than ever.答案：who。解释：此处考查非限制性定语从句的引导词的用法。由于先行词是人Cheung(张)，引导词在从句中作主语，所以使用who。4、根据固定搭配、典型句型确定动词、名词、介词等 固定搭配的短语及习惯用法是属于比较简单的考点，只要平时注意积累基本上就能答对。如：Volunteer work plays an important _in Americas high school education.答案：part。解释：此处考查短语play a part in的搭配用法。但要有时命题者会在设计时增加一些难度，在短语之间插入其他一些成分，或将固定连用的短语分隔开来，这一点也需注意。Some parents tried to pull him off the schools ruins, saying, “Its too late! They are all dead! There is nothing you can do!” _each parent he responded with the same line: “Are you going to help me now?” And then he continued to dig for his son, stone by stone.答案：To。解释：此处考查短语respond to的固定搭配。由于宾语each parent放在了句首，短语被拆开，所以难度加大了许多。二、提供单词原形的空格1、括号内提供的是动词当括号内提供的是动词时，主要要判断是谓语还是非谓语。（1）当考查的是谓语时，首先要判断其时态和语态。如：Since Hong Kong _(rejoin) China in 1997, more student from the Chinese mainland have chosen to study there.答案：rejoined。解释：此处考查作谓语的动词形式。根据主句的时态have chosen及从句的时间状语in 1997，此空动词应该是一般过去时态。（2）如果考查非谓语，要判断非谓语在句中的成分，根据不同成分使用适当的形式，其中使用ing形式和ed形式居多，有时也考查to do, to be done, having done等形式或名词，如：Ten years ago, Jessica Cheung was only 13. _(live) with her parents in Hong Kong, she knew little putonghua.答案：Living。解释：此处考查作非谓语的动词形式。动词live(生活)作原因状语，与逻辑主语she是主动关系，所以使用现在分词living。2、括号内提供的是形容词或副词如果括号内提供的是形容词，一般是判断考查副词，即要变成副词形式；如果括号内提供的是副词，一般是判断考察形容词，即要变成形容词形式。如：“Thirty-five cents,” she said_(rude).答案：rudely。解释：此处考查副词作状语的用法。括号内提供的是形容词，要用来修饰动词said，所以要使用副词形式。但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。如：At last, her courage and _(wise) impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.答案：wisdom。解释：括号内提供的是形容词，但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分，一起充当主语，所以要使用名词形式wisdom。3、括号内提供的是名词当括号内提供的是名词时，一般判断考查形容词，如：There, my voice sounds really_(wonder) because theres a slight echo to it.答案：wonderful。解释：括号内提供的是名词，但此空作系动词sounds的表语，所以要使用形容词形式。但有时也可能考查副词、动词等。如：A certain man planted a rose and watered it_( faith) and before it blossomed, he examined it.答案：faithfully。解释：括号内提供的是名词，但此空是作状语，修饰动词water，所以要变成副词。注意：先将名词faith变成形容词faithful，然后再变成副词faithfully。【实例分析】实例1：2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 1 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 2 should have the honor of receiving me 3 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 4 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 5 small town some 20 kilometres away 6 there was a garage. I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 7 villagers brought me goats cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 8 (merry) till far into the night.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 9 the trouble I had caused 10 . 短文解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在外旅行的一次经历。大意是：在一个穷乡僻壤的小山村附近，作者的车坏了。幸运的是，他受到了村民的热情款待，并在一老太太家里度过了一个愉快的晚上。【答案与解析】1、答案：broke。解析：此处考查一般过去式及动词不规则变化的用法。句子属于典型句型be doing when结构，在when引导的句子中谓语要使用一般过去时，空格处单词是谓语功能，所以使用break的过去式broken。2、答案：who。解析：此处考查宾语从句的引导词who的用法。空格前是介词短语 as to（至于、关于），空格后是谓语及宾语，根据句子结构，空格处明显是主语，而且指人，所以使用who，其引导的从句作介词短语as to的宾语。3、答案：as。解析：此处考查短语的固定搭配用法。Receive sb as意为“把某人当作、来接待”，句意为“当我在怨天尤人、想着该到哪过夜时，我意识到聚集在我周围的村民正在争论谁有幸在家里接待我这个贵宾”。4、答案：settled。解析：此处考查过去分词作宾补的用法。根据句子结构，句子的主语是she ，谓语是was getting，宾语是me，空格处单词是补语作用，逻辑主语me与settle是被动关系，即“被安置下来”，所以要使用过去分词。5、答案：a。解析：此处考查不定冠词的用法。从语境看，此处表示泛指，意为“一个小镇”。6、答案：where。解析：此处考查定语从句的引导词where的用法。从句子结构看，先行词是a small town (some 20 kilometers away作定语)，空格处为定语从句的引导词，在从句中作地点状语，所以使用关系副词where。意为“那里（小镇上）有个修车厂”。7、答案：other。解析：此处考查不定代词的用法。根据语境，是“其他”村民给我送来goats cheese and honey，所以使用other。8、答案：merrily。解析：此处考查副词作状语的用法及副词的构词规则。根据句子结构，空格处单词修饰谓语动词talked，括号内提供的词是形容词，因此要变成副词形式。意为“高兴地谈到深夜”。9、答案：for。解析：此处考查介词for表示原因的用法。reward sb. for sth意为“因、而酬谢/报答某人”。10、答案：her。解析：此处考查代词作宾语的用法。根据句子结构，空格处单词在定语从句中是作caused的宾语，词义是“她”，即老太太，所以使用宾格。句意为“我想报答老太太，因为我给她带来了那么多麻烦”。英语语法填空试题专练语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为3140的相应位置上。1Long before, there was a large mountainside, where rested an eagles nest with four large eagle eggs. One day 31 earthquake rocked the mountain, causing one of the eggs to roll down the mountain to a chicken farm 32 (locate) in the valley below. The chickens were kind enough to care for the eagles egg, and an old hen volunteered to nurture (哺育) and raise the large egg.One day, the egg hatched and a beautiful eagle was born. Sadly, 33 , the eagle was raised to be a chicken. Soon, the eagle believed he was nothing more 34 a chicken. The eagle loved his present family, but his spirit cried out 35 more. While playing on the farm one day, the eagle happened to notice a group of mighty eagles soaring in the skies. Oh, the eagle cried, I wish I could soar like those birds.The chickens roared with 36 (laugh), “You cannot soar with those birds. You are a chicken and chickens do not soar.The eagle continued staring at his real family up above, 37 (dream) that he could be with them. Each time the eagle would let his dreams 38 (know), he was told it couldnt be done. That is 39 the eagle learned to believe. The eagle, after time, stopped dreaming and continued to live like a chicken. Finally, after a long life as a chicken, the eagle passed away.You become what you believe you are. So, if you ever dream of becoming an eagle, follow 40 dreams. not the words of a chicken.31. an 地震earthquake第一次出现，而且以元音开头，所以用不定冠词an32. located 后置定语，相当于which was located in the valley below.33.however 表转折，前一句提到孵化出来的是鹰，而后一句却把它当小鸡养34 than 考查 nothing more than，仅仅, 只不过35for 考查cry out for，迫切需要36 laughter 介词with接名词37 dreaming 非谓语动词做状语38 be known / known 它使自己的梦想给大家知道，dreams做主语，所以用被动语态， 而let后接动词原形, 或者let sth done39 what 表语从句，从句believe缺宾语，因此填what。40 your 名词dream需要限定词修饰，因为主语是you，因此填物主代词your注：不符合答案的，不能得分。2I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man 31 campaigned from his heart, and spoke 32 the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on the train home to Delaware, the vice president-elect of the United States, Joe Biden.And I would not be standing here tonight without the 33 (yield) support of my 34 (good) friend for the last 16 years， 34 rock of our family, the love of my life, the nations next first lady Michelle Obama.Sasha and Malia I love you both more than you can imagine. And you have earned the new puppy that 36 (come)with us to the new White House.And 37 shes no longer with us, I know my grandmothers watching, 38 with the family that made me who I 39 . I miss them tonight. I know that my debt to them is 40 measure31 who 32 for 33 unyielding 34 best 35 the 36 is coming 37 while 38 along 39 am 40 beyond3Hi, my name is Kristin Davis and Im proud to be part of the Class of 2009. Tonight we celebrate all the efforts weve made and all the tasks we 31 (accomplish). Tonight is our night to say to the world that we have 32 courage to succeed and the perseverance to make our dreams come true. Tonight we stand here before you 33 proud adults, proud of what we have already done and of everything we plan to do. Tonight is a special night 34 we not only graduate from a high school; but we graduate from our schoolManual Arts High School. Ive attended MAHS 35 I was 16, and in the past four years Ive not only earned the credits I need to graduate, I also gained a big family. 36 the unconditional love and support of our teachers, none of us 37 (be) here today. Because they have never given up on us, we have faith in 38 . Because they pushed us 39 (far) than we thought we could go, we have the strength to set higher goals. Because they encourage us to dream, we have the confidence to reach them. As we are leaving MAHS to build our success in the world, we feel excited and yet a little scared. But with your 40 (courage) in our hearts, well keep on advancing no matter what the future holds!Thank you.31. have accomplished 32. the33. as 34. when35. since 36. Without 37. would be 38.ourselves 39. further 40. encouragement /encouragements4I met Kumkum at a childrens home in Delhi. It is a home 31 children who are sick are provided treatment and care before 32 (send) to some other orphanage. Kumkum was 7 years old, and a very brave soul. Despite suffering from tuberculosis(肺结核), I never saw 33 crying. She had lost her parents and was struggling herself through this terrible disease. Upon meeting, we took an instant liking 34 each other. Every Saturday I would visit Kumkum and play with her. She would love to sit on my lap. It was one such moment that the child felt like 35 (kiss) me. and I suddenly remembered that she was suffering from tuberculosis which is a communicable(传染性的）disease. I tried to stop her 36 she really wanted to show her affection for me, so I overcame my fear and let her place the 37 gentle and sweet kiss on my cheek that I ever had. Although I overcame my fear at that moment, I 38 (not forgive) myself ever since for refusing her 39 (initial). Although the child kissed me, I think she sensed my hesitation 40 she has never kissed me again. I will never forget that the most beautiful thing in this world is a childs kiss. so full of love and innocence.这是一篇记叙文，作者用亲身经历讲述了自己和一个可爱但却患有传染病孤儿的感人故事。31where。关系副词引导定语从句修饰前面表示地点的名词home(孤儿院)，并在从句中作状语。32being sent。-ing形式的被动式，作介词的before宾语，因为小女孩是被送到另一家孤儿院。33her。人称代词宾格作saw的宾语。34to。take a liking to sb./sth.是习惯搭配，意为：喜欢上，对有好感。35kissing。feel like doing something：很想干什么。36but。很显然，这里表转折。37most。根据后文that I ever had，这里应该是gentle and sweet的最高级。38Havent forgiven。谓语动词的现在完成时，注意这里考查的是一个不规则动词。39initially。这里应该用副词作状语，意思是“最初，开始”，相当于at first。40because。引导一个原因状语从句。此句的意思是：“我认为她感觉到了我的犹疑，因为她从此再也没有亲过我了”。这里用for也可接受。5It is said that long ago there (31) _ to be 10 suns in the sky. Each day, one of the suns would travel around the sky on a carriage (32) _ by Xihe, the mother of the suns. One day, (33) _ (expect), all 10 suns simultaneously appeared in the sky, (34) _ instantly dried the crops and caused disaster to the people on earth. Hou一i, a local archer, had great sympathy (35) _ peoples sufferings from the blistering（酷热的）weather and decided to help them (36) _. Houyi climbed up to the summit of Kunlun Mountains and shot down the suns leaving only (37) _ to benefit people. After he shot down the sun, Hou Yi became a hero (38) _ was revered by local people. (39)_, Hou Yi married a beautiful girlChange. The young couple lived (40) _ happy and sweet life.31. used 32. driven 33. unexpectedly 34. which. 35. for 36. out 37. one38. who 39. Later 40. a6The presidents message to students was simple: study hard, pay attention in class and embrace the opportunity to learn. We can have the most dedicated teachers, the most 31 (support) parents and the best schools in the world. And none of it will make a difference; none of it will matter, 32 all of you fulfill(履行) your responsibilities, Mr. Obama said.It was a presidential talk 33 (deliver) at a time of economic uncertainty for many American families. Mr. Obama said he understood the tensions 34 many students faced. But that was no excuse 35 neglecting their homework or cutting class or dropping out of school. Critics of the president strongly criticized the speech as an effort by the White House to promote the presidents domestic agenda. Some parents 36 (tell) their children to resist the address.A Colorado student stayed away, 37 (think) their parents should be 38 to push them more in their education rather than the president.But 39 mother in North Carolina said she thought the 40 (speak) could have a positive impact. When kids get to hear something about motivation from someone like that, its fantastic, she said.31. supportive32. unless33. delivered34. that/which35. for36. told37. thinking38. those39. a40. speech7Leaders of the European Union say they will help Greece as it Struggles under a mountain of debt. They promise to take action, 31 needed, “to maintain fina