高中英语人教新课标必修五unit5-单词讲解.ppt.Convertor.doc

Unit 5First AidPart 1Words and expressions aid: 1) v. aid sb. to do sth. aid sb. in doing/with sth. I aided her to continue her study.=I aided her in continuing her study.=I aided her with her study.help sb (to) do help sb with sth aid sb to do aid sb in doing aid sb with sth 2) n. first aid 急救 a hearing aid 助听器with the aid of/with sbs aid 在的帮助下 in aid of 用以援助.; 作为援助.之用 eg. collect money in aid of the poor come /go to sbs aid 前来/去援助某人give/ offer aid to sb. 给予帮助2.injury (c./u.)n( 身体;感情;名誉) injure( v.) injurious(to) (adj)Smoking is injurious to health, especially to the lungs.be an injury to 伤害., 危害., 对.有害do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人to suffer injuries to the head 头部受伤He suffered severe injury to his leg.a leg injury一处腿伤 add insult to injury 落井下石an injury to ones reputation损毁 的名誉 I take it as a personal injury. 3. bleed v. 出血，流血；放血 bled bled 常用搭配：bleed for（为事业、祖国）负伤或牺牲；悲痛bleed sb（for sth）向某人勒索（钱财等）bleed sb white 榨取某人所有的钱bleed to death 流血过多而死Doctors used to bleed people when they were ill.从前医生常常给病人放血。If you cut your finger, it will bleed.如果你割破手指，它就会流血。The blackmailers bled him for every penny he had.勒索者把他的钱榨得一干二净。He was slowly bleeding to death.他正慢慢流血而死。My heart bleeds for those poor unhappy children.对那些不幸的穷孩子我心里感到很难过。Our hearts bleed for you. 我们为你感到悲痛。Well never forget those who bled for the revolution.我们永远不会忘记为革命献身的人们。* blood n. 血，血液常用搭配：bad blood（between A and B）仇恨，恶感make sbs blood run cold 使人感到惧怕和恐怖give blood to the patient为病人输血blood pressure 血压He lost a lot of blood in the accident.of noble blood 有贵族血统的（出身贵族的）They are of the same blood. 他们有相同的血缘。He is of mixed blood. 他是混血儿。blood for blood 以血还血；血债血还Theres a lot of bad blood between those two families.这两家人积怨很深。This company is badly in need of new blood.这个公司急需新人。The sight of the dead body made his blood run cold.他看见尸体不禁毛骨悚然。The way he treats his children makes my blood boil.他那样对待他的孩子，我非常气愤。It was more than flesh and blood could bear.这是血肉之躯无法忍受的。* bloody adj. 血染的，出血的，血腥的bloodless adj. 不流血的，无伤亡的Jack came home with a bloody nose. 杰克回家来了,鼻子流着血。 It was a bloody battle. 那是一次血流成河的恶战。 ban the young from bloody shows 禁止年青人看血腥的演出 nosebleed 4. sprain n. 扭伤 vt. 扭伤, 损伤 I sprained my ankle/wrist when I fell. 我跌倒时扭伤了踝骨/手腕。He got a foot sprain in his ankle. 他脚踝受了严重的扭伤。5. choke vi. & vt.choke sb. to death 使窒息死亡，掐死 choke on a fish 鱼刺卡在喉咙里 choke with anger 气得说不出话来 choke(hold) back ones tears 忍住泪水 choke ones feelings 抑制感情 The smoke almost choked me. 烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来The streets in the centre of the city were choked up with traffic. 市中心的街道被车辆 堵塞了.6. essential adj. basic, necessary essentials n. (pl.) 必需品; 要素,要点 Food is essential to life. 食物是维持生命不可或缺的 Personal space is essential for healthy living. (拥有）个人空间是健康生活所必需的。 the essentials of grammar 语法要点 essentials/necessities of life 生活必需品7. organ n. 器官 The eyes are the organs of sight. 眼睛是视觉器官. The liver is an organ and so is the heart. 肝脏是一个器官,心脏也是。 state organs 国家机构 organic adj. 器官的, 有机的, 组织的 organic vegetables 有机肥料灌溉的蔬菜8. layer: a depth or level 深度或层次 a poem with several layers of meaning. 有多层含义的诗歌 a layer of dust on the windowsill 窗台上的一层灰尘 a cake with four layers 四层蛋糕9. heal vt., vi. 治愈（伤口）；使复原 The wound soon healed up / over. Time is a great healer.(谚) 时间是心灵的愈合剂。 heal sb. of sth He was healed of his sickness.他病已痊愈。Time heals all sorrows. 时间会治愈一切忧伤。treat “治疗”，着重强调过程，不涉及结果，不一定治愈。heal 多用于治疗外伤。cure “治愈”，强调结果。10 swell vi.&vt. (swelled ,swelled/swollen)肿起,肿胀(+up)； (土地等)隆起;(河水等)上涨His ankles began to swell. 他的脚踝肿起来了。 The river was swollen with melted snow. 河水因融雪而上涨。 Her leg has swollen badly.他的腿肿胀的厉害。The wind swelled the sails.风鼓起了帆。The heavy rain swelled the river大雨使河水上涨了。swollen 可作形容词，表示“ 肿胀的”Her eyes were red and swollen with weeping.have a swelled/swollen head(指因突然成功)冲昏头脑11. nerve n. 神经, 勇气；魄力；胆量 a man of nerve 勇敢的人,有勇气的人 (pl) 神经质；神经过敏 She gets nerves before every examination. 每次考试前她都很紧张。get on sbs nerves刺激或烦扰某人Stop whistling! Its/Youre getting on my nerves.nervous adj. 神经质的;紧张不安的(+of/about)Hes nervous of strangers. 他见到陌生人就感到紧张不安。 12 jewellery 和jewel 的辨析： 两者均有“ 珍宝首饰” 之意，jewellery 为集体名词， 不可数；jewel 为可数名词 She appeared at the party wearing some of her finest_.A. jewels B. jewelleries C. jewel D. jewellers I want to buy _ as a birthday gift for my daughter. A.some jewel B. a piece of jewelC. a jewellery D. a piece of jewellery13 squeeze out 榨出,挤出They have been squeezed out of the job market by young people. 他们被年轻人挤出了就业市场。squeeze money from sb 向某人勒索钱财squeeze money out of sbThe young man often squeezes money from/out of the pupil. 那个年轻人经常向那个小学生勒索钱财。14. in place 在适当的位置， 适当out of place 不在适当的位置， 不适当 in place of 代替take the place of 代替She likes everything _ before she starts work.Her criticisms were quite_.( 她的批评太不相宜了）15. ointment n. 软膏;油膏;药膏UCThis ointment is good for soothing skin rashes. 这软膏对减轻皮肤红疹有用。 Youd better apply some ointment to the cut. 你最好在伤口上擦些药膏。 16. infection n. 1). 传染;侵染UAre you sure there is no danger of infection now? 你敢不敢肯定现在已经没有传染的危险了? 2). 传染病C3). 影响;感染UHe suffered from a lung infection. 他肺部受到了感染 infect vt. (+with) 传染;侵染;感染;使受影响;感染The flu virus infected almost the entire class. 全班几乎人人都染上了流行性感冒病毒。 The captains courage infected his men. 船长的勇气感染了他的船员。 infectious形容词 a. 1). 传染的;传染性的an infectious disease 传染病 2). 有感染力的,易传播的an infectious grin 有感染力的笑 Their enthusiasm was infectious. 他们的热情有感染力。 17 vital a. 1). 生命的;维持生命所必需的ZBGrowth and decay are vital processes. 生长和衰亡是生命过程。 2). 充满活力的,生气勃勃的The Chinese I knew were trusting, open, and vital. 我所认识的中国人信赖别人,坦率,充满活力。 3). 极其重要的,必不可少的(+to/for)The questions put forward at the meeting are of vital importance. 会上提出的那些问题极其重要。 4). 致命的;生死攸关的He committed a vital error. 他犯了一个致命的错误。 18. symptom n. C1). 症状,征候(+of)A fever is a symptom of illness. 发烧是生病的症状。 2). 征兆,表征(+of)The riot can be considered a symptom of political instability. 这次暴动可看作是政治上不稳定的征兆。 19. label n. C 贴纸;标签;商标All the sale items had special labels. 所有减价品都有特殊标签。 20. pour倒,灌,注; 倾泻,涌流 She poured herself another cup of tea. 她为自己又倒了一杯茶。 The crowd poured out of the concert hall. 人群从音乐厅涌出来。 Sweat poured from Martins face. 马丁脸上汗如雨下。 Rain poured down. 雨倾盆而下。21 ceremony n. 仪式,典礼CThe wedding ceremony was held on April fifteenth. 婚礼在四月十五日举行。 22. bravery n. 勇敢,勇气UThe policeman showed great bravery in the face of danger. 那名警察面临危险时表现出大无畏精神。 23 . stab v. 刺,戳;刺入;刺伤(+with/in/into)The man was stabbed to death in his office. 这男士在办公室里被刺身亡。 The escaped prisoner stabbed at the policeman with a knife. 逃犯用刀刺伤了警察。 He stabbed the woman with a knife and she died. 他用小刀把这位妇女刺死了a stab (stab sb.) in the back 暗箭伤人,背后中伤24 a number of 1） a number of 许多，很多，相当于many。+名词复数There are a number of ants on the ground.地上有很多蚂蚁 2） the number of 的数量 +名词复数，但动词用第三人称单数The number of the apples is 40 苹果的数量是4025 treat v. 1). 对待;看待,把.看作 (+as/like)Do not treat this serious matter as a joke. 不要把这件严肃的事情当作笑料。 She treated me all right. 她对我还不错。 2). 处理;为.涂上保护层This substance must be treated with acid. 这材料得用酸来处理。 3). 探讨;论述The book treats some political problems. 该书论述某些政治问题。 4). 医疗,治疗(+for)The doctors were not able to treat this disease. 医生治不了这种病。 5). 款待,请(客)(+to)Well treat you to dinner. 我们请你吃饭。 n. C 请客Its my treat. 我请客。 treatment n.治疗；对待26 apply用法一: apply表示“应用”、“运用”、“适用”等，注意以下用法： 表示“应用”、“运用”等，通常为及物动词；要表示“将.运用到.”，通常用介词 to：We decided to apply a new method. 我们决定使用新方法。表示“适用”，通常为不及物动词；要表示“适用于.”，通常用介词 to(不能用 for)：The rule doesnt apply in all cases. 此规则并非适用于所有的情形。The book does not apply to beginners. 这书不适合于初学者。用法二: apply表示“申请”，注意以下用法：可用及物或不及物动词，表示“申请得到.”，要用介词 for；表示“