语法练习1：一般现在、过去、将来.doc

【一般现在时】一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。第三人称的单数的变化形式1.一般动词直接加s 如：likelikes playplays2.以,s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词，加es” 如：washwashes gogoes3.以辅音+y结尾的动词，变y为i+es 如：flyflies4.不规则变化：havehas 写一写: 写出下列动词的第三人称单数talk_ forget_ hope_ stop_ play_ say_buy_ worry_ fly_ study _ like_ make_cut_ run_ forget_ begin_ finish_ teach_ 一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never every,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.5）一般现在表将来的几种特殊用法A：在时间或条件状语从句中，分句不能用将来时用一般现在替代将来。 Unless you get rid of smoking, you will not stay healthy. When you come next time, Ill show you around our campus. If I see him, I shall tell him the news.B:在see (to it)/ make sure/ make + that分句中，一般现在替代将来。 See that you finish the assignment on time. Ill see (to it) that I return the reference book on time. Make sure (that) you pick me up at five.C:在让步状语从句中，分句常用一般现在表将来Whenever he dries or taks the train, hell be here on time. No matter what happens, dont be discouraged. D:一般现在 课用于表示转移的动词如come, go, arrive, leave, start 等，表预定的行为，固定，不易改变。 The plane takes off at three oclock p.m. The film show begins in a minute.E:抽象地谈论未来是，时间概念很弱，可用一般现在时。 That is where a change is needed. Tomorrow at this time well know who is elected. I shall give you anything you want.一般现在时的变化1. be动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2. 行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday. 二、按照要求改写句子。 1. Daniel watches TV every evening. (改为否定句) _ 2. I do my homework every day. (改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 3. She likes milk. (改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_ 4. Amy likes playing computer games. (改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 5. We go to school every morning. (改为否定句) _ 6. He speaks English very well. (改为否定句) _ 7. I like taking photos in the park. (对划线部分提问) _ 8. John comes from Canada. (对划线部分提问) _ 9. She is always a good student. (改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 【一般过去时】一般过去时的构成was / weredid 一般过去时的用法1） 过去某个时间完成的动作或一度存在的状态，或过去的习惯动作。常跟一个表过去时间的状语连用，如then, yesterday, just now, at that time等。I attended a meeting yesterday.I graduated from college in 2008.I went to school by bus. They came and saw me. He was often late for school.2)特殊用法A：在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well, would prefer等后的从句中，如表示现在或将来的动作或情况，用一般过去。 Id rather you left now.Id rather they came tomorrow.B:在it is (high/about) time (that) 句型中，表示 该。时候了，谓语动词用一般过去。It is high time that you went home. It is time that you went to bed.C:主句中谓语动词用现在完成，since引导的从句用一般过去。I have lived in the house since I came to the city. Great changes have taken place since I visited the city.D:也可在表示时间或条件的状语从句中替代过去将来时We would not leave until se came back.She told me that she would not go with us if it rained the next day.动词过去式变化规则： 1）规则变化： 一般情况下： 以e结尾： 以辅音字母+y结尾： 以重读音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母（后三个字母为“辅元辅”）： Have a try：写出以下动词的过去式 finish _ want _ permit _ carry _ rain _ believe _ look _ dry _ play _ develop _2) 不规则变化Have a try：以下常见动词过去式你能写出多少？put _ _ know _ take _ teach _ stand _ see _ spend _ get _ hear _ give _ feel _ say _ think _ win _ write _ tell _ eat _ find _一般过去时的变化1 带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 2实义动词的变化：否定句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 常用时间状语 yesterday, the day before yesterday, last -, - ago, in 1998Be动词的过去时练习一 用be动词的适当形式填空。1. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5. The little dog _ two years old this year.6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.二 句型转换。There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_行为动词的过去时练习一 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.二 句型转换。They played football in the playground.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_【一般将来时】一般将来时的构成 am is going to + doare will / shall + do注： 在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中，一般使用助动词shall，这时或是征求对方的意见(a)，或是询问一个情况(b)： a. Where shall we meet? 我们在哪儿碰头？ b. Shall we have any classes tomorrow?明天我们有课吗？ “will”句型与“be going to”句型，前者表示纯粹将来，后者表示打算、计划、准备做的事情，更强调主语的主观意愿。例如： Tomorrow will be Saturday. 明天是周六了。 We are going to visit Paris this summer.今年夏天我们打算游览巴黎。一般将来时的用法将来发生的动作或存在的状态。1）Will(you, she/I)，shall(I) + v有时will用于条件句并不表示将来，而是表示意愿拒绝推论等 If you wont come, well ask someone else. If they will do this, they will probably add years to their lives.2) be to + v 预定、义务、可能、命令或吩咐等The French president is to visit China.He is to return from Germany tomorrow.You are to be back by 9 oclock.You are not to stay too late outside.Suppose he comes here, what am I to tell him?3) be + v-ing 有意图安排打算的含义，所用动词都是表示具体动作的，如come, go, leave, arrive, start等We are leaving for New York after the performance.She is giving a piano recital next week.一般将来时的变化 否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 对划线部分提问：一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1. 问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon. 2. 问干什么。What do.例如：My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed? 同义句：be going to = will 例如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow.常用时间状语tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow练习（易）： 填空 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _ you _ _ meet? 改句子 5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy _ going to go camping. 6. Ill go and join them.（改否定） I _ go _ join them. 7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一