高级英语2 语法点.doc

高级英语 2 Unit21.exhort: (formal) urge or advise strongly 规劝; 告戒E.g.: The teacher exhorted her students to do their own research work. We are exhorted not to waste our time on the chatroom online.2.elegant: having the qualities of grace, beauty, and fashion 文雅的，雅致的；讲究的，精美的E.g.: elegant manners 优雅的风度 an elegant dress 漂亮雅致的女服 a set of books with elegant bindings 一套装帧精美的书籍3. get / come around / round to: find time for, especially after delay 抽出时间来做（或考虑）E.g.: The committee will get round to your suggestion after theyve dealt with urgent business. After a long delay he got round to writing the letter.4. worthy: (sometimes humorous) a person of importance 知名人士；杰出人物E.g.: local worthies 地方名流 He had been a college worthy. 他曾是学院里大名鼎鼎的人。5. cool / kick ones heels: (colloquial) be forced to wait; be kept waitingE.g.: I had to kick my heels for nearly two hours before I could see my boss.6.anteroomntrum: (also antechambernttemb) a room in which people wait, as before seeing a doctor (连接正厅的) 前厅，候见室7. attest to: testify to; serve as an evidence to affirm / to be proof of 证明，表明E.g.: His success attests to his ability. 他的成功表明他有能力。8.ever: (old use or in combination) always 总是，不断地；永远，始终E.g.: War and suffering have ever gone hand in hand. 战争和苦难总是结伴而行的。 He is ever making the same mistake. 他老是犯同样的错误。 ever-rising costs and prices 不断上涨的费用和物价9. dub: give (someone) an unofficial name or nickname 给起绰号；把称为；授予称号E.g.: He was dubbed Shorty because of his size. 他因身材短小被人取了个矮子的绰号。 The region is dubbed the paradise on earth. 这地方被称为人间天堂。10.cunctationkkten: delay11.rationalize: attempt to explain or justify ones action with plausiblepl:zble 貌似可信的，花言巧语的 reasons, even if they are not true or appropriateE.g.: Dont rationalize your incompetence by finding fault with the method. 12. plead: (formal) give as an excuse for an action 提出为理由；提出为借口E.g.: The thief pleaded poverty. 那贼说是因为贫穷才偷窃的。 The Government pleaded ignorance I pleaded fatigueftig疲劳, and excused myself. 我推说疲乏就告退了。13.edict: an order or command; decree法令 布告14.procrastination: (formal) a repeated delay (without good reason) in doing some necessary act 15. do-it-nowers: those who act promptly16.at an ungodly 6:30 p.m.: at an unusually early hour. The author thinks 6:30 p.m. is rather too early for a planned formal dinner.ungodly: (informal) very unreasonable 不适当的；不可思议的；令人不能容忍的E.g.: He called at an ungodly hour. 他来得很不是时候。 eat an ungodly amount 食量大得叫人难以相信 17.apocalypticpklptk: (often derogatory) foreboding imminent disaster or final doom 预示世界末日恐怖景象的E.g.: an apocalyptic imagination 充满世界末日恐怖景象的想象力 take an apocalyptic view of the future 对未来抱极端悲观的看法apocalypsepklps: the showing of hidden things, especially the telling of what will happen when the world ends 天启，启示；启示录；大灾变 18. all the trouble procrastination may incur: all the trouble that a persons delay in action may bring upon himincur: become subject to (something unpleasant) as a result of ones own action 招致, 引起, 带来; 遭受, 受到E.g.: The company incurred a heavy loss due to mismanagement. incur somebodys displeasure (envy) 招致某人的不悦 (妒忌) incur a protest 惹起抗议 incur great expense 招致巨额花费19.geodetic,di()detk survey: land area survey 大地测量geodetics (= geodesy): science of land area survey 大地测量学，大地测量术20.ledge: a flat shelf of rock, especially one that stretches a long way below the sea (近海岸的) 暗礁21.porcupinepkjpan: a type of quite small short-legged animal that has very long stiff prickles (quills刺) all over its back and sides. It is larger than a hedgehog (美洲箭猪) 豪猪22. the art of postponement had been virtually a monopoly of the military , diplomacy and the law: the practice of putting things off had almost been exclusively done by the military, etc. The implied meaning is that the military, diplomacy, and the law are almost the worst delayers.23. proconsulprkns()l: (in ancient Rome) a governor of a part of the Roman Empire; (formal or pompous) an administrator in a colony usually with wide powers 总督24.ruminate: (formal) go over in the mind repeatedly and often slowly 反刍；沉思；反复思考E.g.: He ruminated over / on the situation before he made the final decision. She ruminated for a long time before she expressed her opinion.sling: 斯林酒 (一种由烈酒、水、糖、柠檬汁等混合而成的饮料)25.blessedly: happily26. nattering (natter v.): (BrE informal) chattering; hence, noisyE.g.: They nattered away for an hour about nothing. 他们空谈了一个小时。27.the worlds most addicted postponers: the worlds worst postponers who just could not free themselves from postponing28.addicted: dependent on something (usually a drug) and unable to stop having it; enthusiastically devoted to a particular thing or activityE.g.: He is addicted to cocaine / heroin. be addicted to computer games29. The number of attorneys who die without a will is amazing: It is a usual practice for people to make a will, an official statement of the way they wish their property to be shared out after their death before they die. And it is generally the attorneys (AmE) or lawyers who administer the wills. But attorneys themselves postpone making their own wills.30. echeloneln; e-: (often plural with singular meaning) (in a group of people or organization) rank, level 阶层E.g.: the top echelon of the Civil Service 文职官员中的最高层 the leading echelons of a government 政府的领导阶层. the higher (lower) echelons 较高（低）职位的全体人员31.corporate dynamics: the pattern of growth, change or development of a corporation 企业的动态32.the caution that breeds delay: the great care that causes delaybreed: cause (a usually unpleasant condition or feeling) to developE.g.: Some people believe that violence breeds violence. Mosquitoes breed malaria. mler 疟疾 瘴气 Familiarity breeds contempt. 近之则不逊。 33. fortify: encourage; support34. flourish: develop rapidly. When speaking of a person, an animal, etc., it means “grow or develop in a healthy or vigorousvg()rs精力充沛的 way”.E.g.: The trees planted on the school campus are flourishing. Were happy to see these disabled children flourish in their foster-homes (寄养家庭).35.reappraisal,riprezl: re-assessment; re-evaluation 重新评估；重新评价36.many languages are studded with phrases: many languages are provided with phrasesstud: a small piece of metal which is attached to a surface as a decoration 饰钉be studded with: be covered with something like studsE.g.: the sky studded with stars a sea studded with islandslanguages studded with phrases: you find phrases in languages just like studs37.apricoteprkt: 杏子；杏树38. academe,kdi:m: the academic community; academics 学术界；学术环境39.take high honors: do very well, earn great distinction 40.churn out three to five pages of writing a day: produce three to five pages a daychurn out: produce something routinely or mechanically, especially in large quantities. The phrase is used ironically and jokingly here, for three to five pages of writing cannot be considered as a large quantity.粗制滥造41. check out the latest book: examine the latest book carefully; borrow the latest book from the library42. maintain: state as true; argue for 断言；主张43.assiduous sidjus (assiduity n.): showing great care and perseverance; hard-working 勤奋的，刻苦的；坚持不懈地，一丝不苟地进行的E.g.: be assiduous in ones duties 勤奋从事本职工作 assiduous editing 一丝不苟的编辑工作44.shrink: (AmE humorous and slang) headshrinker; psychiatrist, psychoanalyst (原始部落中) 把砍下的敌人首级干缩保存作为战利品者；精神病医师；精神分析学家45.subliminal: existing or functioning outside the area of conscious awareness 潜意识的E.g.: subliminal advertising (电视等的)速闪广告 (即将广告内容在观众面前一掠而过，使观众潜意识受到冲击)46. drag ones feet / heels: (informal) act intentionally in a slow or ineffective way E.g.: Your firm is dragging its feet over signing this contract.47. truismtruz()m:an undoubted or self-evident truth 自明之理；不言而喻的事；老生常谈48.deliberation: long and careful consideration or discussion; slow and unhurried movement 细想，考虑；研究；审慎；从容E.g.: After much deliberation, I decided not to go. 我在再三考虑后决定不去了。 speak with deliberation 字斟句酌地讲话49.entree: ntrei (歌剧或芭蕾舞剧中) 开头的一个曲目；(美) 主菜50. mellowmel and marinate mrnet/ marinade: to mellow is to become ripe or fully developed, and to marinate / marinade is to steep (meat, fish) in a savory sauce to enrich its flavor; here, ripen and mature60. pace: with respect to (a specified person who does not or may not agree 请（可能与自己意见不同的人）原谅E.g.: I have not, pace my detractorsdtrkt批评者 诋毁者, entered into any “deals”. 我并没有-请诋毁我的诸君容我辩白-参与任何“交易”。61. by all means: (formal) yes, of course; certainly 当然可以E.g.: - May I have one? - Yes, by all means. 62. avoid, escape, evadeavoid: keep away from or keep at a distance, either by design or as the automatic or accidental consequence of an action.e.g. He drove home over the bridge to avoid the traffic congestion kndestn拥挤at the sports ground. By driving home over the bridge he unknowingly avoided the sports-ground congestion.escape: In its basic sense refers similarly to a deliberate or accidental keeping clear of something. A criminal may adopt a ruse (诡计) to escape detection, or he may escape apprehension by the death of the only witness. Escape is also used with the sense of to manage to avoid, or to remain untouched or uninfluenced by something evil or harmful: to escape being injured by the falling debris.evade iveid: often carries the connotation kntein言外之意 of avoidance of duty or obligation by underhanded (不光彩的，可耻的) methods: a taxpayer who evaded taxes by falsifying弄虚作假 his accounts - a punishable offence - although he might legally have avoided a portion of the tax by taking advantage of allowable deductions a soldier who evades hazardous hzds duty by malingeringmlig (装病)63.border, edge, fringe, margin, rim, vergeborder:1) like margin, most often refers to plane figures (平面图形). It can indicate the area of such a figure that is nearest to its outside edges:边界e.g. They walked about the border of the park.2) the word can also refer to a circumscribing boundary that contrasts distinctly with what it encloses and thus sets off or frames the contained area: a black border round the portrait of the dead sovereign (君主) a modest border of lawn round the houseIn this sense, the word may imply an added, decorative edge: the lace border of her handkerchief手帕Border can, however, refer like edge to a dividing line, as in its common use for the boundary between two countries.edge: refers to the thin line along one side of a thing: 刃 the edge of the table the south edge of the terrace草坪 梯田Or it may refer to the line between two sides or planes: the edge of an axe斧子In either case the word refers to a line that does not circumscribe a figure but may form part of its perimeter. As such, it can refer to any sort of boundary: the ragged edge of the forestUnqualified, however, the word often suggest a straight or sharp line:In either case the word refers to a line that does not circumscribe a figure but may form part of its perimeter. As such, it can refer to any sort of boundary: the ragged edge of the forestUnqualified, however, the word often suggest a straight or sharp line: He tested the edge of the knife with one finger.Metaphorically, the word may indicate the sharp line between two contrasting qualities or states or, particularly, the line delimiting an undesirable state: nations drifting closer to the edge of disasterfringe: the part farthest from the centre; edge: It was easier to move about on the fringe of the crowd. The woodcutter had a little house on the fringes of the forest. on the fringes of a city 城市的边缘 the fringe of a political party 政党的外围 the fringes of philosophy 哲学的初步知识 fringe benefit 附加福利；附带的好处margin: emphasizes exclusively one aspect of border, pointing to the outer area circumscribing something, an area that is often distinct in appearance from what it encloses. Unlike border, however, margin more frequently refers to the emptiness空地, blankness or lack of decoration that sets off and surrounds something. Typescript looks best when at least an inch of margin is left on all four sides of the page. To this implication of space left unused can be added the notion of its being saved for an emergency: margin for error.rim: the outside edge or border of especially a round or circular object. Rim refers most specifically to the open lip of a cylindrical or rounded shape: the rim of a cup / wheel 杯口 / 轮圈 on the rim of the volcano the rim of the world 世界的边缘verge: once could refer literally either to a dividing or circumscribing line in as general a way as edge, but now it is almost completely limited to metaphorical uses. Here, it suggests the imminence or nearness of an abrupt shift to some other condition, good or bad: on the verge of succeeding at last on the verge of a nervous breakdown64.assassinate, butcher, execute, kill, massacre, murder, slaughterassassinate: murder (a ruler, politician, etc) for political reasons or reward 行刺；暗杀: a dictator who had survived three attempts to assassinate himbutcher: butcher and slaughter can both refer to the killing of animals for food. Slaughter is the preferred term in the meat industry, possibly because butcher has implications of brutality or because butcher can also apply to the cutting or carving of meat at any point after the actual killing. Also, butcher usually indicates a small-scale operation, whereas slaughter can better suggest mass killing as well: a shed in which the farmer butchered livestock家畜 to feed his own family legislation to control the slaughtering of cattle in abattoirs btw: (屠场)Both words take on extremely disapproving overtones when applied to the killing of people. Butcher here suggests bungling (笨手笨脚的) inexpertness or sadistic (施虐狂的) brutality残酷 兽行: a rapist who had butchered his victim with a razor剃刀 Slaughter specifically suggests the killing of great numbers of people: Many people are needlessly slaughtered each year in road accidents. 每年都有许多人在交通事故中无辜丧生。execute eksikju:t: can refer to capital punishment that a state exacts in reprisal ripraizl报复 for certain crimes处死:executed for treason tri:zn背叛 叛国 The man who murdered his wife was executed on the gallows绞刑台, according to law.Sometimes the word can refer to an on-the-spot killing of enemies or prisoners by an opponent, as in a war, occupation or insurrection (起义); here, the notion of legal sanction (批准) may be absent: the six million executed by the Nazismassacre msk大屠杀: usually applies solely to the brutal killing of large numbers of people. In this, it is close to one aspect of slaughter, but it is more specific in suggesting the wholesale and often total destruction of a group of relatively defenseless people by another, as in war, persecution迫害 or revenge报复: They massacred all the prisoners after the battle.murder: kill unlawfully, especially on purpose: He admitted that he had accidentally killed his wife, but denied that he had murdered her in cold blood.Hyperbolically (夸张地), the word can point to the mishandling违反运行规程 of anything: expressionless actors who murder their lines高级英语2 Unit 31.to catch sb doing sth / to catch sb at sth e.g. Any staff member in this tobacco company will be sacked if he is caught smoking.Dont let him catch you at it.Ive caught you at your tricks again.2. unnerve: make someone lose self-control, confidence or courage 使某人失去自制力、信心.勇气E.g.: His encounter with the guard dog had completely unnerved him. 他遇上了警卫犬，把他吓坏了。His negative comments on my essay unnerved me.unnerving adj.: upsetting, frighteningE.g.: She found the whole interview rather unnerving. 她觉得整个面试都让人气馁。3. not so much something as：something: not one thing but rather something else 不是而是E.g.: She is not so much poor as careful with money. 她倒不是穷而是太在乎钱了。4. Why do you think Raskins father and people of his generation take a negative attitude toward a bank with glass walls?To them, money is a tangible commodity. To deposit money in a bank is to keep it in the safe the banker provides. Therefore, a bank must be solidly constructed to perform this function. A bank with glass walls falls short of the expectations of these people.5. a tangible commodity: a material thing, a substantial object6.bullion: gold or silver in bulk or bars, before it is made into coins, etc. 金或银锭（条）7.heft: lift something in order to judge or estimate its weight 举起以掂重量 E.g.: pick a stone up and heft it 捡起一块石头掂一掂有多重 hefty adj.: of considerate weight 沉重的 E.g.: The baby is a hefty armful（双臂或单臂的）一抱（之量）n. 这娃娃抱在手里挺沉的。8.affirm the fact: state / assert the fact strongly and publicly affirm: declare (usually in answer to a question or doubt)E.g.: The Deans Office affirmed that there would be a special teachers training course in summer.9.impregnable: unable to be broken into; (figurative) unable to be defeated 攻不破的；固若金汤的；无懈可击的；驳不倒的; 坚定的E.g.: They felt safe behind the impregnable walls. It was his impregnable belief that “Honesty is the best policy.”10.excepting: exceptalways excepting: except fornot excepting (also without excepting): including11.dash: a combination of bravery and style;courage, enthusiasm 闯劲；勇猛E.g.: dash in attack 进攻中的勇猛 The general had both skill and dash. 这位将军智勇双全。 All his activities showed the same dash and spirit. 他的一切活动都表现出同样的干劲和气魄。12.flair: natural ability to do some special thing 天赋，资质；特别的才能（本领、诀窍）E.g.: a flair for music 学习音乐的天分 be impressed by sb. s political flair 对某人的政治才干有深刻印象13. in view of: considering; taking into consideration14.heartily: in a cheerful way; here, completely and absolutely强烈的 尽情的E.g.: Seeing his daughter perform so well on the stage, he laughed heartily. Im heartily tir