砺志PMP模拟题每周精选A(之一~之八).doc

答案砺志PMP模拟题每周精选之八（2003年5月5日-2003年5月12日） Question 1: d. All projects should be strongly oriented toward goals and objectivesManagement by objectives focuses on the goals of an activity rather than the activity itself so that managers are held responsible for obtaining results rather that performing certain activities. These results can be used-as yardsticks in evaluating project performance Question 2: c. Project charter This document signifies official sanction by top management and starts the planning, or development, phase. The project charter formally recognizes the existence of the project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities. Question 3: d. Multiobjective programmingMultiobjective programming uses a mathematical programming model and is categorized as a constrained optimization method. Question 4: d. An error or omission in scope definitionChange requests may result from an error or omission in defining the scope of the product, such as failure to include a required technical feature in the design of a telecommunications system, or in the scope of the project, such as using a bill of materials instead of a WBS Question 5: c. Decision modelsDecision models are benefit measurement or constrained optimization methods, which are used for project selection. Decision models include both generalized techniques (decision trees, forced choice, and others) and specialized techniques (Analytic Hierarchy Process, Logical Framework Analysis, and others). Question 6: c. A set of procedures by which project scope may be changed, including the paperwork, tracking systems, and approval levels necessary for authorizing changeIn addition to complying with any relevant contractual provisions, scope change control must be integrated with the projects overall change control system and with any systems in place to control project and product scope. 答案砺志PMP模拟题每周精选之七（2003年4月28日-2003年5月4日） Question 1: c. Changes should be made immediately, and all customer wants should be satisfied without bureaucratic hassle.Customers expect their problems to be alleviated, not compounded. They want positive results and expect things to run smoothly and according to plan. However, they must separate wants from needs and be willing to make compromises. Question 2: b. Defines the projects scope baseline The WBS provides the basis for any changes that may occur on the project. Question 3: c. Scope statementThe scope statement provides stakeholders with a common understanding of the scope of the project and is a source of reference for making future project decisions. Question 4: b. RealismThe model should reflect the objectives of the company and its managers; consider the realities of the organizations limitations on facilities, capital, and personnel; and include factors for risk-the technical risks of performance, cost, and time and the market risk of customer rejection. Question 5: c. Not be viewed as part of the project life cycleProjects are efforts that occur within a finite period of time with clearly defined beginnings and ends. Maintenance is ongoing and of an indefinite duration. A maintenance activity, such as revision of an organizations purchasing guidelines, may be viewed as a project but is a separate and distinct undertaking from the initial project that generated it. Question 6: a. MatrixIUsed when projects are complex, involving cross-functional efforts, the matrix structure is a blend of functional and projectized and organizations. 答案砺志PMP模拟题每周精选之六（2003年4月21日-2003年4月28日） Question 1: b. DemocraticA democratic management style provides maximum participation for the development of creative solutions in the group. Watch out, hower, for the tyranny of the majority, where voting can drown a creative voice. This style would not be effective in an emergency situation where fast action is required. Question 2: a. Overlap and interact throughout the project Project management processes are concerned with describing and organizing the work of the project; product-oriented management processes are concerned with specifying and creating the project product. These two goals are so closely related that the processes used to achieve them must be integrated throughout the life of any successful project. For example, understanding the scope of the project requires an understanding of how the product will be created. Question 3: d. The project team members compensation planThe project plan commonly includes the project charter, approach to execute the project, scope statement, WBS, cost estimates, responsibility assignments, scheduled start dates, schedule and cost performance measurement baselines, major milestones and target dates, key staff, major risks, subsidiary management plans, and open issues. Compensation plans are part of the human resource function. Question 4: a. On a continual bases throughout the projectControlling entails ensuring that project objectives are met by monitoring and measuring progress and taking corrective action when needed. From the beginning of the project to its end, controlling occurs across all phases and is not a discrete, one-time event. Question 5: c. Self-actualization, esteem, and socialMaslow identified five basic needs and arranged them into his Hierarchy of Needs. From the most basic to the highest level, they are physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs. Question 6: d. Management interfaces dealing with actions, decisions, or approvalsInterface management deals with identifying, documenting, scheduling, communicating, and monitoring interfaces related to the product and the project. Of the three categories of interfaces-personal, organizational, and system-organizational addresses actions, decisions, or approvals. 答案砺志PMP模拟题每周精选之五（2003年4月14日-2003年4月21日） Question 1: a. Provide a structured approach to guide the project team in project plan developmentWhether as simple as standard forms and templates or as complex as a series of required simulations (such as the Monte Carlo analysis of schedule risks), the project planning methodology consists of documented information, tools and techniques used for project plan development. Question 2: b. Show the causes of variances and the reasons certain corrective actions were selected Lessons learned contain valuable documented information for use on current and future projects so that steps can be taken to anticipate problems and avoid past mistakes. Question 3: c. Motivation to act is linked to an outcome that is expected to have valueThe strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on both the strength of an expectancy that this act will be followed by a given outcome and th value of that outcome. Question 4: a. Outcomes of activities performed to accomplish the projectWork results include deliverables completed, quality standards met, and costs incurred. Work results are collected during project execution and fed into the performance reporting process for the project. Question 5: c. A facilitated kick off meetingA project management methodology generally includes both hard and soft tools. A facilitated meeting is considered a soft tool because no quantitative element is involved. Question 6: c. jeopardizes project objectivesSignificant variances require repetition of appropriate planning processes so that adjustments can be made to the project plan. An example of a significant variance is a missed activity finish date, which may require adjustments to the staffing plan, reliance on overtime, or trade-offs between budget and schedule objectives. 答案砺志PMP模拟题每周精选之四（2003年4月7日-2003年4月14日） Question 1: b. Every project has a definite beginning and endThe end is reached when either the projects objectives have been achieved or they are recognized as being unachievable and the project is terminated. Question 2: d. Organizational policies An organizational policy is an example fof an input to integration management and is not a tool or technique. Question 3: c. A predefined budgetThe result of an emergencyConstraints are factors that will limit the project management teams options. A predefined budget will likely limit the teams options with regard to scope, staffing, and schedule. Question 4: d. Help assess whether variances from the plan require corrective actionPerformance measurement techniques, such as earned value analysis, integrate scope, cost, and schedule measures to help the project management team assess project performance and determine whether corrective action is needed. Question 5: d. Establishing a specific career path for a project team memberManagement by objectives, developed by Peter Drucker in the early 1950s, is a technique to establish clear, achievable objectives and evaluate progress toward those objectives on a regular bases. The technique works best when it is based on a collaborative effort between two parties, thus ensuring participation and commitment to the project. No mention was ever made of career path establishment for employees. Question 6: b. Formal procedure for sanctioning work so that it is done at the right time in the proper sequenceA work authorization system is a tool used for project plan execution. Typically, a written authorization is used to begin work on a specific work package, however, in some situations, a verbal authorization may be adequate. Qustions 2: Although an output of the various control processes, corrective action is also an input to project plan execution because it- a. Ensures that project objectives are met b. Expedites actions to ensure that activities are completed on time c. Completes the feedback loop needed to ensure effective project management d. Involves performing a planned reponse for a specific project risk event Qustions 4: A change control board is - a. Recommended for use on all projects, large or small b. Used as required to approve or reject change requests c. Managed by the project manager who serves its secretare d. Composed of key members of the project team Qustions 6: Leadership and management are both necessary on projects. One definition of managing is that it involves producing key results expected by stakeholders, whereas leadership involves - a. Establishing direction, aligning people, and motivating and inspiring others b. Getting things done through other people c. Using charismatic power to motivate others to be productive d. Using all types of power, as appropriate, as motivational tools 答案砺志PMP模拟题每周精选之三（2003年3月31日） Question 1: a. Procedures to define how documents may be changedA change control system is a collection of formal, documented procedures that defined steps by which official project documents may be changed. It includes the paperwork, tracking systems, and approval levels necessary to authorize changes. It also provides guidance on when changes can be approved without formal review. Question 2: c. Lack motivation and become dissatisfied with their workCHertzberg advanced the theory that hygiene factors, such as the poor attitude of a supervisor, lead to dissatisfaction but do not usually decrease motivation. When motivators, such as responsibility and recognition, are lacking, they do not lead to job dissatisfaction; but when such motivators are present, they tend to motivate a person in the performance of his or her work. Question 3: b. The result of an emergencyDuring emergencies, the project manager generally has the authority to decide whether to accept a proposed change because time is not available to involve others in the process. Question 4: b. Defining problems and making decisionsProblem solving is concerned with situations that have already occurred. It requires distinguishing between causes and symptoms and identifying and choosing viable solutions. Question 5: c. For successful completion of the current phase and subsequent phases of the projectRolling wave planning provides progressive detailing of the work to be accomplished throughout the life of the project. Question 6: d. Allowing automatic approval of changesAllowing for automatic approval of defined changes is a function of the change control system, not configuration management. Configuration management ensures that the description of the project project project is correct and complete. 答案砺志PMP模拟题每周精选之二（2003年3月24日） Question 1: b. Highly untrustworthy, needing to be watched and closed managed at all timesMcGregor observed two types of managers and classified them by their perceptions of workers. The first, Theory X managers, felt that workers were lazy, needed to be watched and supervised closely, and were irresponsible. The second, Theory Y managers felt that, given the correct conditions, workers could be trusted to seek responsiblity and word hard at their jobs. Question 2: c. Completes the feedback loop needed to ensure effective project managementCorrective action is anything done to bring expected future performance in line with the project plan. Any corrective action taken must be considered while carrying out the remainder of the project. Question 3: d. The tools and techniques used to gather, integrate, and disseminate the output of the other project management processesThe project management information system supports the project from the initiating through the closing phases, and generally consists of both automated and manual systems. Question 4: b. Used as requiered to approve or reject change requestsThe change control boards powers and responsibilities should be well defined and agreed upon by key stakeholders. On some projects, multiple change control boards may exist with different areas of responsibility. Question 5: d. Those people defined in the communication management planThe communication management plan defines who receives what kinds of information and the level of detail to be provided to each person. For example, managers in the Performing organization may require only the more general information from the project plan, whereas suppliers may need the more detailed portions of the plan that pertain to their operations. Question 6: a. Establishing direction, aligning people, and motivating and inspiring othersLeadership involves developing a vision of the future and strategies to achieve that vision, positioning people to carry out the vision, and helping people energize themselves to overcame any barriers to change. 答案砺志PMP模拟题每周精选之一（2003年3月17日） Question 1: a. Create a document to guide project execution and controlDeveloping the project plan entails taking the results of other planning processes and incorporating them into a consistent, coherent document to guide the project. Question 2: a. Influencing factors that cause change, determining that change has occurred, and managing actual changes as they occurOverall change control consists of coordinating and managing changes across the project. Activities that occur within the context of overall change control are scope change control, schedule change control, cost change control, quality control, risk change control, and contract administration. Question 3: c. Be proactive in curtailing stakeholder activities that might adversely affect the projectThe project manager must be vigilant in ensuring that those stakeholders who support the effort continue to do so and those who do not are persuaded to do so, if possible. In either case, the project manager must take quick action to ensure that the projects objectives will be met and that a plan is in place to mitigate the