虚语语气.doc

虚语语气复习定义： 虚语语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。If I were a bird, I could fly.陈述语气（the Indicative Mood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。The fish is not alive without water.虚拟语气的考点 1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。一if引导的虚拟条件句区别:If it rains tomorrow, the crops will be saved.陈述语气If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved.虚拟语气与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If + 主 + did(were), 主+would/should/could/might +动词原形1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。If I were you, I would try it again.2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句If +主 +had done sth, 主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式（have done）1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。If I had married her, I would have been unhappy与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)If + 主 + did(were to /should do), 主+would/should/could/might +动词原形1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.1 If you _tomorrow, you _find the new manager working in the office. A. should come; would B. would come; wouldC. will come; should D. comes; might2 If the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved.A. arrives B. arrive C. had arrived D. has arrived3 -If he _he _that food-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not have takenB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not 4 I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has come B. did come C. came D. had come5 If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _me from going .A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented二倒装的If虚拟句条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以倒装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他If I were you, I would try it again.Were I you, I would try it again. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. 1._the exam, he would have attend a collegeA. If he passed B. Had he passedC. Were he passed D. If he should pass2._five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.A. If you should arrive B. If you arriveC. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive3._it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.A. Were B. should C. would D. will三、名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。If I were you, I would have taken his advice.从句表示现在，主句表示过去如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。If you had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble now.从句表示过去，主句表示现在如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行工作了。If it hadnt been raining those days, we should be going on with the works.从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行注意:主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句): 有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。） If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借钱给我， 我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）六suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, advice etc.引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，以(should) + v原的形式出现。We all suggest that he ( should ) finish his homework first.The captain commanded that all the sailors ( should ) get down to work at once.Its suggested ( ordered, demanded, proposed, commanded, requested, desired, insisted, required ) that 后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以 ( should )+ v原.的形式出现。Its ordered that only German ( should ) be taught at schools in Alsas and LorinIts requested that all the students ( should ) wear school uniforms at school.以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以 (should) + v原. 的形式出现。My suggestion is that you ( should ) go home first before coming here.My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible His request that his cost ( should ) be paid by the hour is completely reasonable.The order came that the work (should) be finished two days ahead of time 注意:当suggest 表示“暗示”;insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟！His accent suggests he comes from Hunan.His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision I insist that he was wrongHe insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health七虚拟语气特殊句型：1 wish + that did/were 现在How I wish had done 过去 If only would / might /would do 将来我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）I wish I remembered the address.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）How I wish he had not left.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）I wish it would rain tomorrow. If only 。要是就好了 = I wishIf only I knew his name now!If only we had followed your advice last time!If only I could see him again next year!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。If only our parents could live with us!要是我没错过火车就好了.If only I hadnt missed the train!Exercises:“ Have you visited the Science Museum?”“ No, but I really wish I _.”A. had B. did C. have D. will1. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _thereA. was B. were C. had been D. went2. I wish I _ you yesterday.A. see B. did see C. had seen D. were to see3. -He is a brave man.-Yes, I wish I _his courage. A. Have B. had C. will have D. would have4. Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _me howA. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach5. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_to it.A. hadnt gone B. havent goneC. didnt go D. could not have gone6. How I wish I _that! Everybody present was angry with me.A. didnt go B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. wasnt doing2 as if /though引导的虚拟语气1.区别：He speaks English as if/ though he is from the USA.陈述语气他说英语的样子好像他是来自美国的。He speaks English as if/ though he were from the USA.虚拟语气他说英语的样子就好像他是来自美国的一样。2. as if /though + Clause（从句）现在：did /were(现在)过去：had done(过去)将来 : would+动词原形(将来)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.He speaks as if he had been to the United Stat(1) 对现在的虚拟,谓语动词用过去时 (系动词用were),意指主从句谓语表示的动词同时发生.例如:他看起来好象病了.He looks as if he were ill.他感到他应该独自对发生的 事情承担责任.He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.(2) 对过去的虚拟谓语动词使用had+过去分词, 意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之前.例如:她英语说的很好就象是在英国学习的一样.She spoke English well as if she had studied English in England.我记得整件事情就象是昨天发生的一样.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.(3) 对未来的虚拟谓语动词使用would+动词原形, 意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之后. 例如:史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了.Mrs. Smith sobbed as if her heart would break.1, When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken2 The actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _ a young man.A. is B. will be C. am D. were3 The clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _rain.A. is going to B. will C. was going to D. would注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。It looks as if you are tired.3 . would rather that 现在：过去时过去：过去完成时未来：过去时I would rather you paid me nowI would rather you had gone, tooDont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.注意: 在主语would (had) rather that 宾语从句中，从句谓语一般用过去式表示虚拟形式。例如:我真希望你告诉我真相。 Id rather you told me the truth我宁愿不再见着你。 Id rather I didnt see you again我倒希望他们和我一起去I would rather they went with me.4. Its (about/high) time +that - 过去时 should+V Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.你该走了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 我们该去睡觉了。5. without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today.But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.6. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.7. otherwise 和supposing也可以引导虚拟语气。例如：The storm stopped, otherwise the sailors would have fallen into the sea.Im getting cold, otherwise I would keep her.Suppose(supposing) your friends knew how you are behaving here, what would they think?8. so that 与in order that 二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用may /might/can /could /etc.+动词原形 She stayed at home for a few days so that she might have more time to study it. She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted. He went to the station in a taxi so that he should not miss the train.9. 用 “may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首 May good luck be yours!祝你好运！May you be happy!祝你快乐！May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就 Long live the people! 人民万岁！“God bless you,” said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” 八含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况: 1. 条件暗含在短语中。如： W hat would I have done without you? (条件暗含在分词短语without you中)It would be easier to do it this way. (条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中)But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含条件是but for your help)This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. (条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中) He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. (暗含条件是连词or) Alone, he would have been terrified. (暗含条件是alone) 2. 条件暗含在上下文中。如： You might stay here forever. 可能暗含if you wanted to)We would have succeeded. (可能暗含if we had kept trying)Your reputation would be ruined. (可能暗含if you should accept it)I would appreciate a little of your time.(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)3. 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如： You wouldnt know. 你不会知道。 I would like to come. 我愿意来。 I wouldnt have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。 He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样 1 He suggested that the meeting put o