主语从句定义.docx

主语从句定义：在句子中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫做主语从句。主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 主语从句主要有三类：（1） 由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That you are so indifferent bothers me.That she survived the accident is a miracle.（2） 用连词 whether 引导的主语从句:whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.（3） 用连接代词引导的主语从句(在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分).What you need is more practice.What I want to know is this. Whatever we do is to serve the people.（4）用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)eg:Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasnt been made pubic.ATTENTION1.it 做形式主语,而将主语从句放在句末（尤其是当谓语较短时）。例如：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.When the plane is to take off has not been announced .= It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.(当what引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。)What he wants is a book. 他想要的是本书。Has it been settled who will be sent to carry out the task ?固定用法和译法（1） It is +名词+从句It is a fact that 事实是It is good news that 是好消息It is a question that 是个问题It is common knowledge that 是常识类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.（2） It is +形容词+从句It is necessary that 有必要It is clear that 很清楚It is likely that 很可能It is important that 重要的是类似的形容词还有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.It is obvious that conductors and insulators are both important in industry.It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you .It is essential that he should be here by the weekend .It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.（3） It is +过去分词+从句It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that 已证明It must be proved that 必须指出类似的过去分词还有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.It is thought that he is the best player.It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars. It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.It does not matter if I missed my train, because there is another later.It happened that I saw him yesterday.当“及物动词 + 宾语”较短时，也可用这种结构。It shocked me that Peter did not tell anybody where he was.It does not interest me whether you go or not.2.只用whether不用if引导主语从句.主语从句三要点请观察下列句子，注意划线部分句子的意义及用法。1. What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. 2. Who will go to the concert is not known.3. That she was chosen made us very happy.4. Whether she will come or not is still a question.5. Which book they will choose is still unknown.6. When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 7. Its strange that he knows nothing about it.8. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.9. It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. 小结归纳(一)语序 主语从句使用陈述语序，其通常结构为“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分”；但当连接代词同时充当从句主语时，其结构为“连接代词 + 谓语 + 其他成分”，如句1、2。(二)引导词 that引导主语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，但通常不可以省略，如句3； whether引导主语从句时意为“是否”，通常不能用if来代替,如句4； 可以引导主语从句的连接代词主要有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever等，如句5； 可以引导主语从句的连接副词主要有：where, when, how, why等，如句6。(三)常见句型有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，代替主语从句放在句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下： It + be + 形容词 + that 从句， 如句7; It + be + 名词 + that 从句， 如句8; It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that 从句， 如句9。即学即用I. 用适当的词填空，使句子意思完整。1. _ he didnt attend the meeting yesterday wasnt quite clear.2. The Foreign Minister said, “It is our hope _ the two sides will work towards peace.” 3. _ team will win the match is still unknown.4. _ comes to the party will receive a present.5. _ Mary has left is still a question. 6. Its reported _ three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.7. _ he solved the problem successfully interested all of us.8. We usually think _ we cant get seems better than what we have. 9. It is a fact _ English is being accepted as an international language.10. _ is to be sent there to solve the problem hasnt been decided.II. 下列各句中均有一处错误，请改正。1. That the old mans son wanted to know was where the gold had been hidden. 2. It is reported when China has successfully sent Shenzhou VI spaceship into space.3. If he can finish his task on time is of great importance. 4. Whether the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing excited the whole nation.5. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, which our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.6. Whatever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.7. Why they will solve the serious problem today has not been decided.8. When will win the English competition is still a problem.9. How our spring sports meet will be held or not this week is not known yet.10. Its strange when he should have gone away without telling us.主语从句学习指导寻规找矩 请观察下列句子，注意主语从句的用法。1. That the earth travels round the sun is a well-known fact.2. It is uncertain whether the artist can do it or not. 3. Who will act the lead in the play has not been decided yet.4. Where the young man has gone is not known.5. It is not yet decided when and where the test will be given.归纳总结 1. 引导主语从句的词有连词that, whether；连接代词who, whose, whom, whoever, what, which等；连接副词where, when, whenever, wherever, how, why等。2. 有时用it作形式主语，将主语从句后置。常见错误展示 下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.2. If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.3. That the professor said is of great importance.4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.5. No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.6. When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.7. What were your problems a year ago has now become mine.8. It was requested that everyone made a speech at the meeting. 高考链接 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (浙江 2008)A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who2. _ matters most in learning English is enough practice.(2007 全国卷)A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which3. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. (上海 2002 春)A. What B. That C. This D. Which4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. (NMET 1996)A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where主语从句练习 单项选择题1. _asmuchasone-fifthofalltimberharvestedisnotused.A.TheestimateB.TheestimateC.TheyareestimatedD.Itisestimatedthat2._was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhoD.What3._wehaveachievedisattributedtotheguidanceofourparents.A.WhoeverB.WhateverC.HoweverD.That4._you say now cant make up for what youve done. A.No matterB.Whatever C.HoweverD.That5.Although_happenedinthisdevelopedcountrysoundslikesciencefiction,itcouldoccurelsewhereintheworld.A.whichB.whatC.howD.it6._shehadforgottentotakehernotebook.A.ThatoccurredtoherB.SheoccurredthatC.ToherthatoccurredD.Itoccurredtoherthat7.Iamsurethat_shesaidiswrong.A.whichB.allC.thisD.what8.Welostourwayintheforest,and_mademattersworsewasthatitwasgettingdark.A.thatB.whichC.itD.what9._occurred to him that he had forgotten to lock the door when he left home.A.ThisB.ItC.ThatD.These10._ornotisstilluncertain.A.HescomingB.IfheiscomingC.ThatcomingD.Whetherhescoming11.Its_hellbeabletocome.A.doubtwhetherB.doubtfulC.doubtitD.doubtfulwhether12.It is _ that the bridge has existed for more than three centuries.A.appearedB.risenC.saidD.born13._hesawbothsurprisedandfrightenedhim.A.ThatB.WhenC.WhatD.Which14._isaspellofwarmsunshine.A.Whatdoweallneed. B.WhatallweneedC.WhatweneedD.Whatweallneed15._isapitythatheshouldfeelsoupset.A.WhatB.ThatC.HeD.It16._aspoonfulofsoilcantellussomuchaboutthestructureandearlyhistoryofthemoon.A.RemarkableB.QuiteremarkablyC.ItisremarkablethatD.Itisremarkable 17._younominatewillbeelected.A.WhoB.WhichC.WhomeverD.Thats18._bookyouborrowmustbereturnedwithinaweek.A.WhatB.WhichC.WhicheverD.Thats19._is troubling me is that I dont have much experience in international commerce.A.ItB.ThatC.WhichD.What20._they wil go there to try another experiment has not been decided yet.A.WhetherB.IfC.About whether D.Why根据提示，完成句子。1._ hasnt been decided yet.(pick)谁将去接他还没有确定。2._ remains unknown.(finish)我们是否能按时完成工作还不知道3._ is none of my business.(like)你喜不喜欢他都与我无关。4._ is being discussed.(abroad)他将何时出国正在讨论之中。5._ in learning English is enough practice.(matter)英语学习中最重要的是足够的练习。6.It worried her a bit _.(turn)她的头发正在变白让她有些担忧。7.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts walk in space. (desire)杨利伟成功地环绕地球后，我们希望的是宇航员在太空漫步。8. _ should be punished.(break) 任何违法的人都应该被惩罚。9._ we can learn four foreign languages at the same time.(seem)我们能同时学四门外语似乎不可能。10._ was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to the key universities.让这所学校感到自豪的是超过90%的学生被重点大学录取了。主语从句15 DDBBB 610 DDDBD 1115 DCCDD 1620 CACDA 1.Who will pick him up 2.Whether we can finish the work on time 3.Whether you like him (or not)