历年高考阅读精选.docx

历年高考阅读精选 26 / 26高考英语阅读精要做题时找根据 做完后找原因大纲要求（考什么）常见题型（如何考）解题策略（如何应考）湖北卷的题型分类（按照出题频率）要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：(1) 理解主旨和要义；(2) 理解文中具体信息；(3) 根据上下文推断生词的词义；(4) 作出简单判断和推理；(5) 理解文章的基本结构；(6) 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。主旨大意题事实细节题猜测词义题推理判断题篇段首尾主题句精确定位与改写（关键词语定位，同义反义转述）语境 + 构词法忠于原文，紧扣主旨，一步推断1.细节理解与推断2.词（句）义推断 3.文章、段落主旨题4.意图态度 5.文章结构6.写作方式文章体裁常见答题技巧记叙文总的原则：四个要素抓情节 （5Ws and 1H） 1. 时间（何时when） 2. 地点（何地where） 3. 人物（何人who） 4. 事项的起因、经过、结果（为什么why、怎么样how、干了何事what）三把利器：1. 时间顺序。有的情节曲折，应理清时间顺序。 2. 人物关系。有的人物繁杂，可以简单旁注或列一草表，理清身份和关系3. 几个题干。高考阅读理解是一种定向理解，题干涉及的的往往是文章的主要内容，几个题干组合在一起基本就是文章的提纲。说明文说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨事物的性状、特征、原理、演变、结果或相互关系，如机器的制造过程、自然或社会现象产生的原因、工程项目的规划或问题的解决方案等等，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物等等。说明事物可采用多种方式：例如举例、分类法或类比、对比法，给事物下定义或分析事物产生的原因以及后果。举例说明文使用例子说明事物阐明观点；分解展开法着重于事物的区别、差异；分类展开法则强调事物的相似之处；类比说明事物如何相似，对比说明事物如何不同；因果说明文表明事物发生的原因及结果。除了用文字说明以外，说明文中常常使用数据、图片等资料。无论采用什么说明方法，作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征、清晰地展现所说明的事物。因此，阅读说明文的关键是：抓住事物的特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。新闻报道与评论1. 重视对新闻报道文章导语部分。导语(1ead，第一段或第一、二段)是新闻报道最基本内容的概括和浓缩，它通常反映新闻报道的主题或论点。2. 重视每个段落的链接。正文部分往往由很多短小的段落组成，看似松散，实则按照一定的时间、逻辑或空间等顺序进行展开，环环相扣，因此结构仍然很紧密。3. 把握文体特征（1） 新闻报道类。抓导语和“5Ws + 1H”。 （2） 新闻评论类（“华尔街日报体”），实际上属于议论文，易考主观题。技巧：抓论文的三要素论点、论据、论证过程。应准确分析把握它的核心论点，明确作者的观点和态度或其中主要人物的观点与态度（有时涉及正方观点、反方观点），弄清论点(或分论点)和论据的逻辑关系。广告应用文应用文不同于一般普通的文章，应用文措辞简洁明了、直截了当。应用文是一种使用范围比较广泛的文体，象广告、书信、列车或飞机的时刻表、产品说明书、宣传海报、简明新闻等都属于应用文，他们的目的都是为了向读者传输信息。在阅读这类文章时主要是注意细节信息，做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法抓信息更有效。第一部分 小故事 【Passage 1 1996年全国卷】 We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didnt even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched, mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop (拖把). She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up. Mum nodded and said, Very dirty floors.”Yes. Im glad theyve finally decided to clean them, the nurse answered. She looked at Mum strangely and said, But arent you working late?Mum just pushed harder, each swipe (拖) of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book. After a long time Mum came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum nodded politely to the nurse and said, Thank you.”Outside, Mum told me: Dagmar is fine. No fever. You saw her, Mum?Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. Its a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush. 1. When she took a mop from the small room what Mum really wanted to do was _. A. to clean the floor B. to please the nurseC. to see a patient D. to surprise the story-teller2. When the nurse talked to Mum she thought Mum was a _. A. nurse B. visitorC. patient D. cleaner3. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?A. It is a childrens hospital. B. It has strict rules about visiting hours. C. The nurses and doctors there dont work hard. D. A lot of patients come to this hospital every day. 4. Why did Mother go to see Dagmar in the hospital?A. To find out how she was. B. To make sure her room was clean. C. To check that she was still there. D. To give her some message about Dad. 5. Which of the following words best describes Mum?A. polite B. patient C. cleverD. changeable【Passage 2 1997全国卷】In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and so, to kill his time, he planned a game which he called Lexico. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and, in time, changed its name from Lexico to Alph and then to Criss Cross. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didnt have any real commercial（商业性的）success. In 1939, Butts happened to meet a man called Jim Brunot who showed an interest in the new game. The two men worked together on developing the game and in 1948 it was offered for sale in the United States under its new nameScrabble. At first, it didnt sell very well. In the first year it sold just 2,250 sets and by 1951 it had only reached 8, 500sets a year. Then, in 1952 the manager of Macys department store in New York, Jack Strauss, happened to play Scrabble while he was on holiday, he thought it was a wonderful game and, when he went back to work after his holiday, he insisted the Macys should stock（储备）the game and make an effort（努力）to call the publics attention to it. As a result, Scrabble became a big success in the United States and it soon spread to Australia and then to other English-speaking countries. 1. The text is mainly about_. A. Lexico B. three men C. a word game D. Alfred Butts 2. Alfred Butts invented the game Lexico_. A. to make himself famous B. to make spelling simplerC. when he was out of work and looking for a job D. when he was playing word games to pass the time 3. Who made Scrabble popular? A. Alfred Butts. B. Jack Strauss. C. Alfred Butts and Jim Brunot. D. Jack Strauss and Jim Brunot. 4. When did Alfred Butts first put his game on the market? A. In 1939. B. In 1948. C. Before 1939. D. Between 1939 and 1948. Passage 3 1998年全国卷 Today, roller skating is easy and fun. But a long time ago, it wasnt easy at all. Before 1750, the idea of skating didnt exist. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. Merlins work was making musical instruments. In his spare time he liked to play the violin. Joseph Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams. People called him a dreamer. One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball (化装舞会). He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room. Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll. Finally, he decided to put two wheelsunder each shoe. These were the first roller skates. Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin. On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time!51. The text is mainly about _. A. a strange manB. an unusual partyC. how roller skating began D. how people enjoyed themselves in the 18th century52. People thought Merlin was a dreamer because he _. A. often gave others surprisesB. was a gifted musician C. invited the roller skatesD. was full of imagination53. Merlin put wheels under his shoes in order to _. A. impress the party guestsB. arrived at the party soonerC. test his invention D. show his skill in walking on wheels54. What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?A. The roller skates needed further improvement. B. The party guests took Merlin for a fool. C. Merlin succeeded beyond expectation. D. Merlin got himself into trouble. 【Passage 4 1999年全国卷】 Tom Brennan was working in a Philadelphia office building when he noticed a black bag. The bag contained a book. This chance discovery ended a 12day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure - a 120-page -diary kept 190 years ago by Deborah Logan, “a woman who knew everybody in her day,” James Green, the librarian told the magazine America Libraries. Most of the diary is a record of big events in Philadelphia. It also includes a description of British soldiers burning Washington D. C. in the war of 1812. She describes President James Madison on horseback as “perfectly shaking with fear” during the troubled days. George Washington, she writes, mistook her for the wife of a French man, and praised her excellent English. The adventure of the lost book began September 4 when Cory Luxmoore arrived from England to deliver the diary of his ancestor (祖先) to the Library Company, which he and his wife considered to be the best home for the diary. Green told American Libraries he had the diary in his possession “about five minutes” when Luxmoore took it back because he had promised to show it to one other person. On returning to his hotel after showing the precious book to Green, Luxmoor was shocked to realize that he had left it in the taxi. Without any delay, Green began calling every taxi company in the city, with no luck. “Ive felt sick since then,” Luxmoore told reporters. According to Green, no one has yet learned how the diary came to the office building. Tom Brennan received a reward (奖励) of $1000, Philadelphia gained another treasure for its history, and Luxmoore told reporters, “Its wonderful news. Im on high. ” 51. This article mainly tells about the story of _. A. a lost diaryB. Deborah Longan C. Cory Luxmoore D. the Library Company 52. From the text, we learn that the diary is now owned by _. A. Tom BrennanB. an unknown person C. a Philadelphia magazineD. the Library Company of Philadelphia 53. Philadelphia is thought to be the best home for the diary because _. A. it was written in Philadelphia B. it tells stories about Philadelphia C. people in the city are interested in old thingsD. the British and the Americans once fought in Philadelphia54. Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary? a - Tom Brennan found the book in an office building. b - The book was shown to James Green. c - Cory Luxmoore arrived from England. d - The book was left behind in a taxi. A. a, b, c, d B. c, b, d, a C. a, c, d, b D. c, a, b, d 55. What did Cory Luxmoore mean when he said “Im on high”? A. Im richB. Im famous C. Im excited D. Im lucky 【Passage 5 1999年全国卷】 When a group of children politely stop a conversation with you, saying, “We have to go to work now,” youre left feeling surprised and certainly uneasy. After all, this is the 1990s and the idea of children working is just unthinkable. That is, until you are told that they are all pupils of stage schools, and that the “work” they go off to is to go on the stage in a theatre. Stage schools often act as agencies (代理机构) to supply children for stage and television work. More worthy of the name “stage school” are those few places where children attend full time, with a training for the theatre and a general education. A visit to such schools will leave you in no doubt that the children enjoy themselves. After all, what lively children wouldnt settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day? Then of course there are times for the children to make a name and make a little money in some big shows. Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age. But the law is very tight on the amount they can do. Those under 13 are limited to 40 days in the year; those over 13 do 80 days. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the profession for which they are being trained. So what happens to those who dont make it? While all the leading schools say they place great importance on children getting good study results, the facts seem to suggest this is not always the case. 67. People would stop feeling uneasy when realizing that the children theyre talking to _. A. attend a stage school B. are going to the theatre C. have got some work to do D. love singing and dancing 68. In the writers opinion, a good stage school should _. A. produce star performers B. help pupils improve their study skills C. train pupils in language and performing arts D. provide a general education and stage training 69. “Profession work” as used in the text means _. A. ordinary school work B. money-making performances C. stage training at schoolD. acting, singing or dancing after class70. Which of the following best describes how the writer feels about stage schools?A. He thinks highly of what they have to offer. B. He favours an early start in the training of performing arts. C. He feels uncomfortable about children putting on night shows. D. He doubts the standard of ordinary education they have reached. 【Passage 6 2000年全国卷】 The easy way out isnt always easiest. I learned that lesson when I decided to treat Doug, my husband of one month, to a special meal. I glanced through my cookbook and chose a menu which included homemade bread. Knowing the bread would take time. I started on it as soon as Doug left for work. As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything. As Doug loved oranges, I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl. Soon there was a sticky dough（面团）covered with ugly yellowish marks. Realizing I had been defeated, I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldnt have to face Doug laughing at my work. I went on preparing the rest of the meal, and, when Doug got home, we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice. He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed. Twice he got up and went outside, saying he thought he heard a noise. The third time he left, I went to the window to see what he was doing. Looking out, I saw Doug standing about three feet from the rubbish bin, holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container. When I came out of the house, he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in our rubbish bin. Picking up the stick again, he held the lid up enough for me to see. I felt cold. But I stepped closer and looked harder. Without doubt it was my work. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast（酵母）made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing. It looked like some unknown being from outer space. I could see why Doug was so shaken. I had to admit what the “living thing” was and why it was there. I dont know who was more embarrassed（尴尬）by the whole thing-Doug or me. 54. The writers purpose in writing this story is. A. to tell an interesting experience B. to show the easiest way out of a difficulty C. to describe the trouble facing a newly married womanD. to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books55. Why did the womans attempt at making the bread turn out to be unsuccessful？ A. The canned orange had gone bad. B. She didnt use the right kind of flour. C. The cookbook was hard to understand. D. She did not follow the directions closely. 56. Why did the woman put the dough in the rubbish bin？ A. She didnt see the use of keeping it. B. She meant to joke with her husband. C. She didnt want her husband to see it. D. She hoped it would soon dry in the sun. 57. What made the dough in the bin look frightening？ A. The rising and falling movement. B. The strange-looking marks. C. Its shape. D. Its size. 58. When Doug went out the third time, the woman looked out of the window because she was. A. surprised at his being interested in the bin B. afraid that he would discover her secret C. unhappy that he didnt enjoy the meal D. curious to know what disturbed him【Passage 7 2004年全国卷】Giving BackFair Way The Westborough High School golf team had taken the official photos with the state prize. The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. And then Westborough instructor Greg Rota noticed something wrong on one of the score cards. A 9 had been recorded as a 7. They were not the state prize winner; Woburn High had won. “No one would have known,” said Woburns instructor, Bob Doran. For Rota, it wasnt a difficult decision：“The prize wasnt ours to take.”Coin Stars “College students are lazy, but they also want to help,” says University of Pennsylvania graduate Dana Hork. So she made it easy, placing cups in rooms where students could leave their spare coins, and handing out cups to first-year students to keep in their rooms. Her “Change for Change” effort has collected $40 000 for charities（慈善机构）, which were decided upon by students. Never Forgotten A school in Massachusetts received a $9. 5 million check from Jacques LeBermuth. But it took officials several days of digging to discover his connection to the school. Records showed the LeBermuth came form Belgium and studied in the school in the 1920s. When his family fell on hard times, he was offered free room and board. LeBermuth became a trader, owned shares of AT&T and lived off the earnings until he died, at age 89.