Unit8Firstaid—同步教学.doc

20052006学年度第一学期（高二英语）第十一周 教师：陆正琳 Unit 8 First aid一TopicTalking about first aid and medicine二Colloquial Expressions in this unitGiving adviceYou should alwaysYou should notYou mustYou must neverMake sure thatPlease dontYou ought to / shouldYou should neverYou have toNever三Subjunctive Mood II1. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them.2. If I had turned off the electric heater, the house would not have caught fire.3. If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.4. If we were to get hurt trying to save someone, we would not be able to help.四Key words & phrases in this unit.1. aid n. & v. 帮助，援助 表示一般意义的帮助，不可数（first aid急救）The family lived on government aid for two years.这家人靠政府援助。 表示“助手”或“辅助用品”等具体意义，可数A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language.词典是学习新语言的重要工具。come to ones aid来帮助某人They all came to my aid.他们都来帮助我 用作动词，及物主要用于正式文体，较大的经济或物质帮助They aided us with money.他们用钱资助我们。aid sb to do （to不可省略）2. electrical adj. 主要表示“与电有关的”，区别于electric 如：electrical work与电有关的工作an electrical engineer 电气工程师an electric bell电铃an electric lamp电灯3. calm adj. 用作形容词，多指天气或海洋等的平静；也用于指人沉着，镇静 The high wind passed and the sea was calm again. 大风过后，大海又恢复了平静。 He always remains calm when he meets difficulties. 遇到困难时，他总能保持镇静。 用作动词 Calm down, please.请冷静！4. tip n. 表示“尖端”，是名词，常与介词of连用：the tip of a hill山顶the tip of my nose我的鼻顶the tip of a toe脚趾尖 表“建议”，可数If you take my tip youll make a lot of money.如果你采纳我的建议，你将赚很多钱。What do you already know about first aid?关于急救知识你们已经知道了多少？【点拨】know about对了解1）I want to know about it from beginning to end. 我想彻底了解这件事情。2）I know a little about Japanese because I learned some at university. 我懂一点日语，因为我上大学时学了一点。3）They know nothing about economy. 他们不懂经济。【识记】know something about对有所了解know a little about对有一点了解know little about对几乎没有了解know everything about对了解一切know nothing about对一无所知be known as作为而出名be known for因而出名be known to为所熟知【辨析】know / learnknow与learn近义，但know没有进行时，后接宾语表示“懂得（知识）、认识（人）、明白”。know加不定式短语作宾语时，不定式前须加wh-单词，learn不受时态限制，后接宾语表示“学习（一门课）、学着（做某事）”，learn后不直接跟“人”作宾语，常用learn from sb.。know和learn在后接宾语从句时，两者可互换使用。1）He knows what to do.他知道该怎样做。2）We should learn from Lei Feng.我们应该向雷锋学习。 SpeakingUse the lists of dos and donts below to tell each other what you should and should not do.用下列注意事项相互讲述应该做什么和不应该做什么。【点拨】dos and donts意为“应该做什么和不应该做什么”。相当于汉语中“注意事项”的意思，英语中名词以外的词也可以在词尾加“s”或“s”，相当于名词的复数。1）He likes using a lot of OKs in his daily life. 他平时喜欢用“OK”。2）Please pay attention to four dos and four donts in your classroom. 请注意你教室的四要四不要。3）Our city was built in the early 1980s（1980s）. 我们的城市建于20世纪80年代初。Make sure that electric wires are safe and that children cant reach them.确保电线安全，不要让小孩触摸电线。【点拨】1. make sure弄确实，确信，常跟介词of，还可以跟that从句或不定式。1）I think there is a train at 7:30, but youd better make sure. 我想7：30有一班火车，但你最好弄清楚。2）Have you made sure of the time of the train? 你已经查明火车的时间了吗？3）Make sure to turn off the gas before you go out. 你出去前一定要把煤气关了。2. reach本句中意为“触及到”，还有其他的许多含义，如“伸手取某物，延伸，与某人取得联系”。1）No agreement was reached between the two nations. 这两个国家之间没有达成一致。2）Can you reach the books on the shelf? 你能伸手够到架子上的书吗？3）How far does the new road reach? 这条新路有多远？【联想】within ones reach在够得着的地方；out of the reach = beyond ones reach在够不着的地方【辨析】sure / certainsure, certain这两个词都可以作表语，表示“确信，有把握”，此时“sure”的主语只能是人，而certain主语既可以是人也可以是物，还可用it作形式主语。1）Im sure that Ive met him.2）Are you certain of / about that?3）Its certain that your team will win.【考考你】1. Wait till you are more _. Its better to be sure than sorry. A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain2. Are you coming to Jeffs party? Im not sure, I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might【答案】1. D2. DIf a pan of oil catches fire, turn off the gas and cover the pan quickly.如果油锅着火，就把气关掉，再快速盖上锅盖。【联想识记】firefighter消防队员fireplace壁炉firewood木材fireworks焰火firefly萤火虫fireproof防火的fire drill消防演习firepower火力firewall隔火墙fire alarm火警firebomb燃烧弹fire escape太平梯fire station消防站firebrick耐火砖Never leave small things a baby can put in its mouth on the floor or table.一定不要把小东西放在地板上或桌子上，否则婴儿可能会把它们放进嘴里。【点拨】leave“把留在某处”1）Leave the children at home.把孩子留在家里。2）Did he leave any message for me?他有话留给我吗？回顾：用来表示“使处于某种状态”，宾补可以是形容词、过去分词和介词短语。这些用法在第七单元已作了讲解，下面考考你，看看你是否已熟练掌握。【考考你】填入所缺的单词1你可以让它开着一会儿。You can leave it _ for the moment.2不要让她一直呆在外面的雨中。Dont leave her _ outside in the rain.3我没有一线希望了。I was left _.4对不起，我没能解决你的问题。Im sorry I have left your questions _.【答案】1. open 2. waiting 3. without a ray of hope 4. unsolved【识记】leave alone丢下不管; ask for leave请假；on leave在休假；give leave准假1）leave the box alone2）Are you going to leave me alone?3）We are on leave until December.Dont play with electrical equipment.不要玩电器。【点拨】1. play with玩弄1）Dont play with the knife; it may hurt you. 不要玩刀子，它会伤着你的。2）Do you mean to say that Jack has been playing with me all this time? 你的意思是杰克一直在玩弄我吗？2. electrical与电有关的，用电的electrical equipment电器【识记】electrician电工；电学家electricity电；电流electronic电子【辨析】electric / electrical / electronicelectric电的（由电操纵或由电产生的），electrical与电有关的，用电的，electronic电子的1）We havent got electric lights. 我们没有电灯。2）All the electrical work was done by my brother. 所有的电工活都是我弟弟做的。3）Sales of their electronic watches are up to 78 percent. 他们电子手表的收入达到78%。【考考你】1. 电子琴organ2. 电子计算机computer3. 电子控制 _ control 4. 电扇fan5. 电铃an _ bell 6. 电筒an _ torch7. 电流 _ current 8. 电波_ waves9. 电器工程师 _engineer 10. 电器工程_ engineering11. 电能_ energy【答案】13 electronic 48 electric 911 electrical Pre readingWhich of these outlines would you use if you were to write a text about first aid?【点拨】“outline”概要，要点1）an outline of English grammar英语语法概要2）give an outline of the story概要说明故事内容3）Make an outline before to write a composition.写作文之前列一个提纲。4）The outline of her face in the light of the candle is charming. 她的面部轮廓在烛火下很迷人。 ReadingPeople who have witnessed an accident often wish that they had done things differently.目击过事故的人都希望能做些什么。【点拨】witness（1）（v.）目睹，为作证（2）（n.）证据，目击者，证人1）We were witnessing the most important scientific development of the century.我们亲眼见到本世纪最重要的科学进展。2）We witnessed a strange change in her. 我们目睹了她的奇怪变化。3）My clothes are a witness to my poverty. 我的衣服证明了我的贫穷。The car was upside down.汽车翻了。【点拨】upside（n.）上边，上部，upside down上部颠倒着，倒转着，既可作形容词也可作副词。1）That picture is upside down. 那幅画上下颠倒了。2）He comes in, holding a book upside down. 他倒拿着书进来了。【联想】upside down引申为“乱七八糟”。1）He has an upside-down way of doing things. 他做事毫无条理。2）Burglars had turned the house upside down. 窃贼把房子翻得乱七八糟。3）He turned the whole room upside down looking for his book. 为了找书把房子翻了个底朝天。The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with an emergency is to stay calm.在处理紧急事件时，要记住的最重要的事情是保持冷静。【点拨】keepin mind记住（learnby heart）1）You have to be home by 10 oclock; keep that in mind, my son. 儿子，记住10点之前回家。2）In order to learn English well, we should keep these words in mind. 为了学好英语，我们应该把这些单词记住。The question will also calm the person, letting him or her know that helps is on the way.【点拨】on the way意思是“即将到来”。1）The package is on the way. 货即将运到。2）The new machine you ordered is on the way. 你订的新机器快到了。3）Better weather is on the way. 好天气快到了。【联想】与way构成的短语：1. by the way顺便问一下 2. by the way of途经，路经3. in a way在某种程度上 4. in the way挡路5. on ones way to在的路上 6. lose ones way迷路【考考你】1. _, could you show me the way to the station?2. He is traveling to Taiwan _ Shanghai.3. The reforms are an improvement _.4. The chair is _. Move it away, please.5. The child _ in the woods.6. I saw a wallet lying on the ground _ home.【答案】1. By the way顺便问一下，你能指给我去车站的路吗？2. by the way of他经上海去台湾。3. in a way这些改革从某种意义上说是一种进步。4. in the way椅子挡在路上。请把它搬开。5. lost his way这个孩子在树林里迷了路。6. on my way在我回家的路上看到一个钱包。After a few hours of study you will manage to know enough to save other peoples lives.经过几个小时的学习之后，你就会获得足够的知识去抢救别人的生命了。【点拨】1. manage的用法回顾（第七单元manage的用法已经作了总结，你还记得吗？）【考考你】译一译：1做生意2经营公司3这个孩子饿得能一个人吃下这么大一块蛋糕。4如果安排得好，这些钱够他们用3个月。5我企图逃到南非，但没有成功。6墙非常脏，但他还是成功地打扫干净了。【答案】1. manage business 2. manage a company3. The boy was so hungry that he was able to manage such a big cake himself.4. Properly managed, the money can last them three months.5. I tried to escape to South Africa, but I couldnt manage.6. The wall is very dirty, but he managed to clean it.2. enough“足够的东西”，本句中作know的宾语。enough后常跟不定式短语作定语，也可作形容词和副词。1）Have you had enough to eat? （名词作宾语）你不能挣足够多的钱来养家糊口。2）I didnt know him well enough, because we didnt get on together. （副词）我不是很了解他因为我们没有在一起相处过。3）We have enough seats for everyone. （形容词）我们有足够的座位给大家坐。【考考你】1. (NMET2000北京)_ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave studentsC. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave2. （NMET1988）If I had _, Id visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holidayC. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough【答案】1. Cstudents作主语。单个的形容词作定语，放在名词的前面；形容词短语放在名词的后面。enough作副词放在形容词和副词的后面。2. A enough作副词放在形容词和副词的后面，作形容词放在名词的前面。在这个句子中，enough放在形容词long的后面修饰long; long enough修饰holiday。Keep the legs straight.保持腿直的状态。【点拨】keep + 宾语后可接形容词或现在分词或过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“处于的状态”。1）She pulled on a blanket to keep herself covered. 她拉上一条毯子给自己盖上。2）Im sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time. 很抱歉让你等了那么久。3）The students should keep the classroom clean. 学生们应该保持教室的整洁。Using the mouth-to-mouth method. 使用口对口的呼吸方法。【点拨】类似的词组还有：a face-to-face meeting面对面的见面；a heart-to-heart talk促膝交谈；a shoulder-to-shoulder cooperation通力协作；a back-to-back house背靠背的房子 Integrating skillWe do our best to be careful and prevent bad things from happening but我们尽全力小心并阻止坏的事情发生，但是【点拨】1. preventfrom doing，阻止做某事keepfrom doing sth.，stop（from）是preventfrom doing的同义词组。但前者keepfrom doing sth.里的from不可以省去。（想一想：为何不能省去from？）1）The storm stopped us (from) attending the meeting.2）The storm prevented us (from) attending the meeting.3）The storm kept us from attending the meeting.注意：在被动语态中，三个短语中的from皆不可以省去。We were stopped / prevented / kept from attending the meeting.2. find后面可以跟带介词短语的复合结构。1）I hope to find you in better spirits when we meet again. 我希望再次见到你时，你的精神会好些。2）She found her uncle on the point of leaving the market. 她发现她叔叔正要离开市场。3）I have found the naughty boy in trouble. 我已经发现那个调皮的小男孩处于麻烦之中。【联想】除了介词短语作宾补以外，宾补还可以由形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词担当。1）After a long search, we found the little boy safe and sound.（形容词作宾补）2）The headmaster found the light in Mr Lis office on at night.（副词作宾补）3）We found him reading an English poem.（现在分词作宾补）【拓展】find oneself + 宾补，“发现自己不知不觉处于某种状态”。1）When he came to, he found himself in hospital. 当他醒来时，发现自己在医院里。2）When day broke, we found ourselves surrounded by a group of enemies. 天亮时，我们发现自己被一群敌人围住了。Cool the area of skin at once.立刻使烧伤的部位冷却。【点拨】cool是形容词转化为动词，作“使凉爽，使冷却”讲。此类用法的词还有：【识记】clean (adj.)清洁的 (vt.)使清洁；clear (adj.)清晰的 (vt.)清除；dirty (adj.)肮脏的 (vt.)弄脏；dry (adj.)干燥的 (vt.)使干燥；empty (adj.)空的 (vt.)倒空；free (adj.)自由的 (vt.)使自由；slow (adj.)慢的 (vt.)放慢；warm (adj.)暖和 (vt.)使暖和1）He freed the bird from its cage. 他把笼子里的小鸟放了。2）Business slows down in summer. 夏天生意清淡。3）The students are warming up before the college entrance examination. 学生们正在为高考作准备。Try to get him or her to spit out any poison that may be in the mouth.设法让其吐出任何可能还残留在嘴里的毒药。【点拨】spit out吐出1）The bad smell made her spit out what she ate. 那难闻气味使她吐出所吃的东西。2）As Mary didnt like the sweet, she spat it out. 因为玛丽不喜欢这种糖果，所以她把它吐掉了。Here is some advice for dealing with common injuries.下面是处理常见创伤的几点建议。【点拨】1. deal with处理，对付，与打交道1）How should we deal with the matter? 我们如何处理这件事呢？2）We have dealt with that company for ten years. 我同那家公司打了十年的交道了。【辨析】do with / deal withdo with和deal with都可以解释为“对付，应付，处理，安排”，但do是及物动词，只与what连用表示上述意义，不能单独使用。Deal是不及物动词，常与how连用。deal with还可表示“论述，涉及到，与相处”，而do with没有此用法。【考考你】1. _ would you deal with an armed burglar?2. He didnt know _ to do with the waste materials.3. He didnt know _ to deal with the waste materials.4. _ did you do with yourself on Sunday?【答案】1. How 2. what 3. how 4. What【点拨】2. common adj. （1）普通的，常见的。如：common injuries（常见创伤）（2）共同的，共用的。如：a common cup（一个共用的杯子）1）He wasnt a hero but just a common man. 他不是一个英雄，仅仅是一个普通人。2）Smith is a very common name in England. 史密斯在英国是一个非常普通的名字。3）They each had a bedroom, but there was a common