高三英语一轮复习 语法专题《专题3 非谓语动词》课件 新人教版.ppt

专题三非谓语动词 语法专题 非谓语动词的考查要点 语法与写作 语法填空 1 非谓语动词的考查要点 1 动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题 1 不定式作表语与 be todosth 的异同 不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质 myjobistoteachenglish 说明内容 be todosth 表示按计划要做的事 heistogoabroad 2 后接不定式作宾语的词语 下列词语常接不定式作宾语 afford promise refuse expect hope learn offer wish want fail plan agree forget like prefer decide manage try arrange determine desire等 下列词语后可接 疑问词 不定式 teach decide wonder show learn forget ask findout advise discuss等 3 如何理解和使用不定式作宾补 动词 短语 see watch notice hear listento observe feel taste smell make let have等的宾补用动词原形 变被动时要加to 此时的不定式就是主语补足语 常用不定式作宾补的几种情况 主语 ask require tell order force get want like sb todosth 主语 think judge suppose believe consider imagine feel sb tobe tohavedone主语 callon upon dependon waitfor askfor sb todosth 4 不定式作定语的特殊用法 下列词语后常接不定式作定语 chance wish right courage need promise time opportunity way thefirst thesecond thelast theonly等 不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系 thereisnoonetolookafterher 不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系 sheisnowlookingforaroomtolivein 5 不定式作状语的用法 不定式作状语 在句中主要表示目的 结果 原因等 onlytodo表示出人意料的结果 wehurriedtotheclassroomonlytofindnonethere inorder not to soas not to用来引导目的状语 enough to so astodo such 名词 astodo作结果状语 thegirlwassokindastohelptheoldmanoffthebus i mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat 6 不定式的完成时的特殊用法 表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发生的动作 thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears seem appear besaid besupposed bebelieved bethought beknown bereported等动词常用于上面句型 此外 glad happy satisfied sorry surprised disappointed后也接完成时 但要注意与一般时的区别 i msorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute 对不起 请稍等 说话时还未等 i msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting 对不起 让你久等了 说话时已等了很久 不定式的完成时还可表示 过去本想做某事但未做 的虚拟语气 a shouldliketo wouldliketo wouldloveto 完成时 b was wereto 不定式的完成时 表示该做某事或想做但未实现 c expected hoped meant promised supposed thought wanted wished 不定式的完成时 表示过去未曾实现的愿望 7 不定式的省略 同一结构并列由and或or连接 iwanttofinishmyhomeworkandgohome i mreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay 特例 tobeornottobe thisisaquestion itisbettertolaughthantocry 表示对比 不定式作表语 其前面的主语从句中含有do时 后面的to省略 whathedidwaslosethegame 句中含有动词do时 but except besides suchas等后面的to可省略 即 前有do 后省to don tdoanythingsilly suchasmarryhim 主句含有不定式 后面有ratherthan ratherthan后省to whynot hadbetter wouldrather can tbut等词后省to you dbettertakeitseriously 多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中 为了避免重复 作宾语 主补或宾补的不定式再次出现时 to后的内容常承前省略 只保留to即可 但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任何形式 后应该保留原形have或be susanisnotwhatsheusedtobe youcamelatelastnight yououghttohavefinishedyourhomework iknowioughttohave 常见的有 i dlike love behappyto 语法填空1 it simportantforthefigures update regularly 2 todaywehavechatrooms textmessaging emailing butweseem lose theartofcommunicatingface to face 题组训练1 tobeupdated tobelosing 3 iftheywinthefinaltonight theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity cheer bytheirenthusiasticsupporters 4 thedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheipad2morecomfortable hold 5 simonmadeabigbamboobox keep thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly tobecheered tohold tokeep 6 passengersarepermitted carry onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane 7 moretvprograms accordingtogovernmentofficials willbeproduced raise people sconcernoverfoodsafety 8 theability express anideaisasimportantastheideaitself tocarry toraise toexpress 2 动名词复习中应注意的几个问题 1 下列动词后只能接动名词 suggest finish avoid can thelp mind enjoy require practise miss escape pardon advise consider imagine keep appreciate permit 2 下列动词短语后接动名词 leaveoff putoff giveup lookforwardto feellike havetrouble difficulty in devoteto be getusedto payattentionto befondof beworth 3 介词后要接动名词 whatabout howabout befondof begoodat等的介词后接动名词 注意on upondoingsth assoonas引导的从句 作此意讲时on upon后也可以接名词 onhisarrivalatthestation hefoundthetrainhadjuststarted 4 动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别 begin start continue like love dislike hate prefer can tstand remember forget regret try want require need 题组训练2 语法填空1 it snouse complain withouttakingaction 2 lydiadoesn tfeellike study abroad herparentsareold 3 expose tothesunwilldoharmtoyourskin 4 sheisafraidof take tothepublic 5 mary s come latemadehermotherangry complaining studying beingexposed beingtaken coming 3 现在分词复习中应注意的几个问题 1 现在分词在句中作时间 原因 伴随 条件 结果等状语 时间状语 分词前面可加when while等 hearingthegoodnews hejumpedwithgreatjoy 原因状语nothavingfinishedherworkintime thebossfiredher seeingnobodyathome hedecidedtoleavethemanote 伴随状语thegirlscamein followingtheirparents 结果状语thepooroldmandied leavingnothingtohischildren 注意 现在分词作状语的几个特性 时间性 与谓语动词同时发生 用一般式 如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone 语态性 与句子主语之间的关系 是主谓关系或动宾关系 遵循的规则 主动进行 被动完成 人称一致性 分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语 2 现在分词作表语 主语 be v ed表示被动 主语是人 主语 be v ing表示主动 主语是物 4 过去分词复习中应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语 可转换为相应的状语从句或并列分句 用来说明原因 时间 条件 伴随等 1 作原因状语tiredbythetrip hesoonfellasleep becausehewastiredbythetrip hesoonfellasleep lostinthought healmostranintoacar ashewaslostinthought healmostranintoacar 2 作时间状语seenfromthehill thecitylookslikeagarden whenthecityisseenfromthehill itlookslikeagarden 3 作条件状语givenmoretime iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem ifihavebeengivenmoretime iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem 4 作伴随状语theteachercamein followedbysomestudents theteachercameinand he wasfollowedbysomestudents 分词短语作状语时 通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致 但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语 这种结构称为独立主格结构 hergrandfatherbeingill shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim 题组训练3 语法填空1 theisland join tothemainlandbyabridge iseasytogoto 2 sitdown emma youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired keep onyourfeet 3 thenextthinghesawwassmoke rise frombehindthehouse joined keeping rising 4 lookoverthere there saverylong windingpath lead uptothehouse 5 eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves lose forwords 6 offer animportantroleinanewmovie andyhasachancetobecomefamous 7 gather aroundthefire thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople leading lost offered gathering 8 morehighwayshavebeenbuiltinchina make itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother 9 theplayers select fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonourinthissummergame 10 lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues amuse withherstories making selected amused 2 语法与写作 根据提示翻译下面的句子1 我盼望收到你的来信 用动名词作宾语 2013 山东 写作 2 如今违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾并不是不常见 它们对生命和环境造成了严重的危害 用动名词breaking作主语 现在分词causing作状语 2013 安徽 书面表达 iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou thesedays breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon causingseriousharmtolifeandtheenvironment 3 不容怀疑 和社会上其他工作相比较 清洁工的工作更艰难些 用comparedwith作状语 2013 广东 读写任务 4 又一次我们在同一地方进行爬山比赛 用climbing作定语 2013 湖南 书面表达 thereisnodoubtthatwhatacleanerdoesisharder comparedwithanyotherjobsinthesociety onceagainwehadaclimbingmatchatthesameplace 5 沐浴在阳光下 我们高兴地跳起来欢呼着 用bathed作状语 2013 江西 书面表达 bathedinthesunshine wejumpedandcheeredwithjoy 3 语法填空 ourmodernlifeischangingoureatinghabits we1 spend toomuchtimeinfrontoftvorcomputersandbecoming couchpotatoes or mousepotatoes wealsoeattoomuchjunkfoodandwedon