【高中高考必备】高三毕业班英语总复习资料状语从句.docx

第十一章 状语从句状语从句高考的考查特点 1. 试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点 (不同性质的连词; 定语从句和名词性从句的干扰) 2. 题干句的情景化增强,句意理解难度提高 二 能力要求： 1.了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语 从句中经常使用的连词 2.能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句 的逻辑关系,从而能够使用恰当的连词完成交际. 3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连词的用法区别. 三 状语从句的定义、功能、分类定义：在复合句中作状语的从句 功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句 分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。 从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时， 从句前一般不用逗号。 常见考点： 考点一、主句与从句的时态呼应问题； 考点二、连接词的选择（注意区别几组连接词：while / as / when 引导时间状语从句； because / since / as / for 引 导 原 因 状 语 从 句 ； if / unless 引 导 条 件 状 语 从 句 ； sothat / suchthat 引导结果状语从句等） ； 考点三、状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换； 考点四、状语从句的倒装结构（hardly / scarcelywhen；no soonerthan 等） 考点五、根据从句与主句的逻辑关系选用从属连词；2.根据从属连词的词义。 四、 分类：状语从句按其作用可分为九类。 1时间状语从句 常见的从属连词有：(注意其汉语意义)when, while, as, before, after, since, until (till) once as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, each/every time, the first time, the last time, next1time, by the time, whenever 等。例如： Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to my help. and honest the first time I met her. 注意： （1）when, while, as 的区别： 1)when 引导从句时， 主从句的动作有先有后， 也可以同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的， 也可以是短暂的。如： （短暂性） When I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off. （主先从后） When I lived there, I used to go to the seaside on Sundays. (同时) （持续性） When the movie ended, the people went back. （从先主后） 2)while 侧重主从句动作的对比，且从句的动词必须是持续性的。如： While we were chatting she was looking at the time table on the wall 3)as 引导从句时侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行，从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以 是短暂的。如： Sometimes I watch TV as I am having breakfast 4）when 和 while 还可以是并列连词，意分别为“就在这时”，“然而”。eg. I was having a rest on the sofa when the telephon e rang They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they couldnt . 注：并列连词 when 常用与以下句型中： was/were doingwhen （正在做突然） was/were about to dowhen （刚 要做突然） was/were on the point of doingwhen( 刚 要 做 突 然 ) donewhen.(刚一就) Hardly/Scarcely haddonewhen(刚一就) (2)before 引导从句时,词义非常灵活，注意下列句子中的 before 的词义： .Before I could get in a word, the tailor had measured me.(还没来得及就) We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.(还没就) .We had sailed 4 days before we saw land.(才) .Please write it down before you forget it.(趁还没就) had just I thought her nice(3)till (until) 和 nottill (until) till (until):主句谓语动词必须是持续性的，意思是“到为止“如：He remained there till/until she arrived. nottill (until): 主句谓语动词必须是短暂性的，意思是“直到才”如：She wont go to bed till/until he returns home. notuntil 还有强调式和倒装式： 强调句： is not until he returns home that she will go to bed. It he returns home will she go to bed. (4)几个极易混淆的时间状语从句： It was +时间点+when（当的时候时间是） arrived at the village. It was/will be+时间段+before(没过就过了才) weeks before we met/meet again. It is /has been +时间段+since（自从以来有） since we last met. 突破点：一看 be 动词的时态，二看时间段还是时间点。 注意：在“It is /has been +时间段+since”句型中，从句的动词必须是短暂性的，如果是 延续性的动词，时间要从从句的动作结束时算起。如： It is 3 years since I smoked.( 我 戒烟有三年了) 2条件状语从句 常见的从属连词有：if, unless, as/so long as , as/so far as, on condition that , in case(万一) , the more, the more等。如： As/So far as I can see ( am concerned), it will be impossible for them to finish the task. The more books you read, the happier you will feel(前面为从句) 3原因状语从句 常见的从属连词有：because, since, now that , as 等。 It is/has been 3 years It was/will be two It was 5 am when we 倒装句： Not until注意 because, since, as 的区别： ）why 的语气最强，它引导的从句比主句更重要，从句的位置可前可后；例外回答 why 的问句必须使用 because。如： -Why were you absent from the meeting yesterday?-Because I was ill. 2)since 和 now that 意为“既然”，语气仅次于 because,从句的位置一般在前面。Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting3)as 的语气比 since 更弱，意思是“由于”，从句的位置可前可后。如： As you didnt turn up at yesterdays get-together, we missed you very much） *for 也有“因为”之意， for 是并列连词常用来来补充说明原因或用来表示推断的依据， 但 前面常带逗号。如： It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet 4让步状语从句 常见的从属连词有：though, although, as, even if / though, no matter wh-， wh-ever, whetheror等。 如：However late/No matter how late he is, his family will wait for him to have dinner together. Child as he is, he knows a lot. (as 引导的让步状语从句必须倒装) Whether it is fine or not, I will go boating 5 地点状语从句 it is 6比较状语从句 常见的从属连词有：*asas, *not so (as)as, *than 等。 常见的从属连词有： *where, wherever 等。 如： Put the book where注意：(1)在表达倍数时，可用三种句型： 1)A倍数比较级than B 2)A倍数as 原级 asB 如：This building is twice taller than that one 如：This building is three times as tall as that one 如：This building is 3)A倍数the size(height, weight, length etc) of B three times the size of that one (2) 三种句型变式： 倍数more名词than 倍数as many/much 名词as Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. It is reported that the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe. 7方式状语从句 常见的从属连词有：as , as if / though 等注意：as if / though 引导的从句常用虚拟语气，表示非真实情况 He talks about the moon as if he had been there(从句动作先发生) She treated the boy as if he were/was her own child(主从句动作同时发生) 8目的状语从句 常见的从属连词有：so that, that, in order that，in case (以免), for4fear that，lest（以免）等。 如：Most students go to college (so) that they can be engineers, teachers or chemists 注意：从句中的情态动词 can, could, may, might 等提示为目的状语从句 9结果状语从句 常见的从属连词有：sothat, suchthat , so that 等。如：He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family. It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. Tom studied very hard so that he passed the exam. 五、用法灵活的 as, when, while 引导的状语从句 1. as 可以引导时间、原因、让步、比较和方式等 5 种状语从句。 2. when 可以引导时间、条件和原因等 3 种状语从句。 How can we explain it to you when(=if) you wont listen. It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in 5 minutes 3. while 可以引导时间、让步、条件和原因等 4 种状语从句。 While(=Though) I like the color of the hat, I dont like its shape. While(=As long as) there is life there is hope. -Im going to the post office. While(=Since) you are there, can you get me some stamps? 六、状语从句 的省略当时间、条件、让步、方式和比较状语从句的主语与主句一致或为 it 或 there 且谓语动词含 be 动词时，从句中的主语和谓语可以一起省去。如： Dont speak until spoken to.( 省略了 you are) I have no money. If any, I will lend you some. ( 省略了 there is) Though cold, he still wore a shirt. ( 省略了 it was) Some flowers shut up at night as if to sleep. ( 省略了 they were) 七、状语从句与定语从句的转换 1)Make marks where you have questions(地点状语从句)Make marks at the places where you have questions(定语从句) 2)It is such an advanced theory that few people understand it.(结果状语从句) It is such an advanced theory as few people understand(定语从句)巩固练习 1 _, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. (2007 重 庆) A. Strange as might it sound B. B.As it might sound strange C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound 2. _ tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. (2007 上海春) A. However the weather is like B. However is the weather like C. Whatever is the weather like D. Whatever the weather is like 3. _, he talks a lot about his favourite singers after class. (2005 重 庆) A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student 4. _ he has