15. 宜宾之旅8.7★.doc

十五、宜宾 十五、宜宾之旅 Travel in Yibin（一）概述 General Introduction宜宾位于四川盆地南缘，云、贵、川三省结合部，有2100多年的建城史，是中国历史文化名城，因岷江和金沙江在宜宾城区汇合始称长江，有“万里长江第一城”之称；又因盛产名酒五粮液，素有中国“酒都”之称。全市辖长宁、兴文等1区9县，人口515万，幅员面积13283平方千米。Yibin is located on the southern edge of Sichuan, where Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan meet. It was a very important place in southwest China in ancient times；It is a famous cultural and historic city and also the hometown of the famous Chinese wine, Wuliangye Liquor, thats why its always called the“City of Chinese Wine”. It also has a reputation of “The First City along the Yangtze River” because Jinsha River and Minjiang River meet at Hejiangmen Gate at the centre of the city, then flow eastward.宜宾人刚毅不屈，耿直爽朗，类似重庆人。浓烈的美酒、辛辣的火锅是他们的待客之道，江边一溜儿的大排挡，是他们悠闲丰润的生活，其乐虽小，倒也融融，令人羡慕。The towering mountains symbolize the courage, honesty and outgoing personality of the Yibin people. Different from gentle Chengdu people, Yinbin peoples personality is more like that of Chongqing people, because the same high mountains and big river have given them the same strong personality. They treat their guests with their strong wine and spicy hotpot, and large numbers of small restaurants by the river indicates their relaxed life. The joy people get from every little thing is the essence of their happy life.雄浑的三江水滚滚东流，孕育了宜宾灿烂的酒文化。早在战国时期，这里的居民就擅长农耕、酿酒；直至今天，五粮液更是成为宜宾人乃至国人的骄傲。“一枝独秀蜀山水，千种佳酿总宜宾”，宜宾三千多年的酒文化源远流长。The three big rivers flowing eastward have given birth to the brilliant thousand year long culture of Yibin. Wine is the soul of Yibin. Early in the Warring States Period, Yibin people were good at farming and winemaking. Until today, Wuliangye Liquor is still the pride of Yinbin people and even the pride of Chinese people. “The mountains and rivers in Sichuan are uniquely beautiful, and thousands of good wine can be found in Yibin” the line suggests the three-thousand-year long culture of winemaking in Yibin.珙县的僰人悬棺是中外学者至今未能解开之谜，绵延流传了几千年的僰文化熠熠生辉，经久不衰。中国新十佳自然风景区之一的国家级风景名胜区“蜀南竹海”拥青泻翠，郁郁葱葱，碧波万顷，宛如一片碧绿的海洋，有“蜀南竹海天下翠”的美誉。“化腐朽为神奇”的竹雕工艺品琳琅满目，以竹为主题的全竹宴风味独特，鲜美无比。This ancient and mysterious nation lived on this land for generations and generations and left many historic relics and legends. The Cliff Coffins of the Bo People in Gongxian County still remains a mystery that puzzles experts at home and abroad. The Bo culture that has prospered thousands of years on this land is brilliant and will never decline. The bamboo of Yibin is special too. The National Scenic Spot “The Green Bamboo Sea in Shunan” is one of the Ten Best Natural Scenic Spots in China. It has a beautiful reputation as “The Green Bamboo sea in Shunan is the most green and beautiful place in the world”, as it consists of thousands of green bamboo plants which form a green ocean. All sorts of art crafts are made from bamboo, which always stuns people with unbelief that how the common materials can be turn into masterpieces. And the feast of bamboo dishes also always gives people surprise and enjoyment.全市自然、人文旅游景观和工业旅游景观十分丰富。以蜀南竹海、石海洞乡、僰人悬棺为代表的自然文化旅游和五粮液集团的工业旅游，是四川旅游南环线的重要支撑点。全市共有国家级称号的旅游资源6处。全市的旅游资源不仅丰富，文化与自然达到相对的融合，又具有环线布局的特点。宜宾旅游的可进入性十分良好，有连接成渝地内宜高速公路，有四川省第二个开通波音飞机的机场，有长江水道，有连接昆明的内昆铁路。近年两年接待的国内外游客250万300万人次，旅游收入年增长27%，有包括四星在内的星级酒店21家，有包括国际旅行社在内的旅行社28家。旅游已成为宜宾的又一个新的经济增长点。There are plenty of natural and man-made scenic spots in the city. The Green Bamboo Sea in Shunan, Shihaidongxiang Town and the Cliff Coffins of the Bo People, which along with the tour of Wuliangye Group consist of an important part of tourism industry in south Sichuan, supports the natural and cultural tourism. There are six Tourist Attractions of National Level in the city. Besides rich tourism resources, the tourism of Yibin is also featured with harmonious coexistence of natural landscape and man-made culture with a ring-shaped distribution. It has received 2.5 - 3 million travellers in recent years with increase of 27% in tourism revenue. Yinbin has 21 rated hotels including some 4-star hotels and 28 travel agencies including some international travel agencies. Tourism has been injecting new energy into the economy of Yibin with its fast development.（二） 美景宜宾Attractions in Yibin1 大观楼Daguan Tower大观楼又名谯楼，位于市中区西街口。大观楼高28米，长31.6米，宽20.4米，呈长方形，整个楼分四层。底层用石砌，中有十字形通道，可容车马通行。楼西有两道各29级的石梯，直通楼厅。上面三层，全系斗拱木质结构，四角飞檐，凌空翘首，四周棂窗，高敞明丽。在二楼东檐端，挂有“大观楼”三字匾额，每字见方1.5米，酣畅淋漓，挺拔雄健，是乾隆年间知府托隆的幕僚冀宣明所书；西檐下，有“西南半壁”四字匾额，潇洒流畅，俊秀苍劲，为清代华阳顾汝修书，大观楼建筑精美典雅，巍峨雄壮。Daguan Tower, which is also called Qiao Tower, is located at the crossing of Xijie Street in the city centre. Daguan Tower is 28 m high, 31.6 m long and 20.4 m wide. It is in a shape of a rectangle. Daguan Tower is made up of four storeys. The bottom storey is made of stones with a cross-shape passage in the middle where carts and horses can go through. There are two flights of 29 steps to the top on the west of the Tower. The other three storeys are made of wood. There is an inscription with Chinese characters “Da Guan Lou” on the east end of the eaves on the second storey. Each word is 1.5 metres square and it is said that Yi Xuanming who was the aide of the Prefect of Tuolong during Emperor Qianlongs reign of Qing Dynasty wrote them. There is another inscription with characters “Xi Nan Ban Bi” below the west eave which was written by Gu Ruxiu from Huayang during the Qing Dynasty. The Tower was built delicately and elegantly with a lofty and sturdy look 2 旧州塔Jiuzhou Pagoda旧州塔位于宜宾城北约三千米的岷江边旧州大坝上，于北宋崇宁元年至大观三年（1102-1109）所建，酷似西安小雁塔，又名旧州白塔，为四川省著名古塔之一。多少年来，每当渔舟唱晚、鸟落平沙之际，古塔斜阳相映成辉。古塔斜阳为宜宾古八景之一。Jiuzhou Pagoda is located on Jiuzhou Dam on Minjiang River about 3 km away from Yibin. It was built from the first year of Chongning to the third year of Daguan during the Northern Song Dynasty（1102-1109）. It looks exactly similar to the Small Wild Goose Pagoda in Xian；It is also called Jiuzhou White Pagoda and it is one of the most famous ancient pagodas in Sichuan. For a long time the pagoda has been standing there, watching the setting sun as fishing boats coming and going, and birds flying back to their nests. The ancient pagoda in the setting sun is one of the famous Eight Ancient Sceneries of Yibin.旧州塔为古三级空心密檐式方形结构，砖砌泥粘，无石料基础，底层特别大，檐部用叠涩砌法，向外层挑出，类似云南大理崇圣寺塔。旧州塔通高29.5米，底部每边宽7.23米, 自第二层开始，塔身逐渐缩小，愈上愈急，直至第十三层止，分成梯形的平台两重，形成优美流畅的轮廓。整个塔形，比例匀称，玲珑庄雅，具有浓厚的宗教色彩和独特的印缅塔式建筑艺术风格。尤为奇特的是塔身虽耸立岷江河岸，却不施塔基，纯用土砖直接从河卵石上砌起，历经九百年风雨却无倾斜陷落，实为古建筑上一奇迹。Jiuzhou Pagoda is an ancient square building of three stairs with a hollow middle and dense roof. It is made of bricks stuck with earth and without stone foundations. Its bottom floor is very big and its roof was built with layers sticking out which is similar to the pagoda in Hongsheng Temple in Dali, Yunan Province. Jiuzhou Pagoda is 29.5 m high in total, and each side of the bottom floor is 7.23 m long. The pagoda is narrower and narrower from the second floor to the 13th floor and the higher it gets the narrower it becomes. There are two platforms in the shape of trapezoid after the 13th floor which gives the pagoda a nice profile. The whole shape of the pagoda has a pleasant ratio and it is tinged with a strong religious style and an Indian and Burmese architectural style. Another special thing about the pagoda is that it was built only with bricks and earth on the bank of Minjiang River without any stone foundation, and it has lasted for more than nine hundred years without tilting or being destroyed. It is really a miracle of ancient architecture. 抗战期间，我国建筑专家梁思成、莫宗江等曾来此地考察，评价极高。During the Anti-Japanese War, Liang Sicheng, Mo Zongjiang and other famous architects of China came here and all of them gave high praise to it.3 李庄古镇Lizhuang Ancient Town省级历史文化名镇李庄古镇位于宜宾市郊19千米处岷江与金沙江的汇合处，因镇境内有一天然大石柱俗名“李庄”而得名。The Provincial-level Historic and Cultural Town, Lizhuang Ancient Town, is located where the Minjiang River meets the Jinsha River about 19km away from Yibins suburbs. It got its present name from a natural big stone pole called “Lizhuang”in the town.李庄镇文物古迹众多，人文景观荟萃。原号称有“九宫十八庙”的古建筑群，现较完好地保存的有明代的慧光寺、东岳庙、旋螺殿，清代的禹王宫、文昌宫、南华宫、天上宫、张家祠等十余处。Lizhuang has many cultural relics, historic sites, and many man-made landscape. Among the ancient construction compound called “Nine Palaces and Eighteen Temples” originally, Huiguang Temple, Dongyue Temple, Xuanluo Hall of Min Dynasty, Yuwang Palace, Wenchang Palace, Nanhua Palace, Tianshang Palace, Zhangjia Temple of Qing Dynasty, etc, are preserved comparatively complete till today.古建筑群规模宏大，布局严谨，比较完整地体现了明、清时期川南庙宇、殿堂建筑的特点。古建筑群中的木雕石刻做工精细，图像生动，有较高的艺术欣赏价值。The ancient construction compound is large in scale and well distributed, which reflects the characteristics of the temples and palaces construction in southern Sichuan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The woodcarving and stone carving of the ancient constructions are delicate and vivid with a high value in art.镇内建于清初的席子街，整条街长六十余米，都是一楼一底的木质建筑，穿枓结构，二楼清一色的木挑吊脚楼，上有房檐。这条老街极为古朴清幽。反映了明、清时代川南乡镇的民风民俗。建于明代的旋螺殿距李庄2.5千米，这座高25米的八角形建筑有三层重檐，结构巧妙，整个建筑没用一颗铁钉，其建筑工艺堪称一绝。还有镇西的玉佛寺、镇西南5千米的栗峰山庄等也值得一游。There is a Xizi Street in the town which was built at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. There are two-story wooden buildings with Chuan-Dou Timber Structure along the two sides of the sixty-meter long street. The wooden suspended buildings with eaves give the old street a style of simplicity and quietness. It shows the folk customs of towns in southern Sichuan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Xuanluo Hall built in the Ming Dynasty is 2.5 kilom away from Lizhuang. This 25 meter high building with a shape of an octagon has three layers of eaves. The hall was constructed skillfully with no single nail used at all, which can absolutely be called a masterpiece of human work. The Yufo Temple in the west of the town and the Lifeng Mountain Villa which is five kilom away from the southwest of the town are also worth a visit.李庄还是抗日战争时期大后方的文化中心之一。1939年，国立同济大学、中央研究院、中央博物院、中央营造学社、中国大地测量所、金陵大学文科研究所等知名度很高的高等学府、研究机构等陆续从北京、南京、上海等地辗转内迁李庄镇，直到抗战胜利后的1947年才先后迁回原处。Lizhuang was one of the cultural centers in the rear area in China during the Anti-Japanese War. In 1939, Tongji State University, Central Academy, Central Naturalistic College, Central Yingzao Study Union, The Land Measure Bureau of China, The Art Study Bureau of Jinlin University and other famous universities and organizations gradually moved to Lizhuang from Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai and other places until the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1947 when they began to move back to their original places.4 翠屏山 Cuiping Mountain翠屏山屹立于宜宾市西北隅，海拔507米，山势巍峨，树木苍翠，因“山色四季常青，望之若屏”而得名。翠屏山与真武山毗连，山上森林茂密，是我省城市中最大的森林公园。Located at the northwest of Yibin ,Cuiping Mountain is 507 m high, boasting of its loftiness and flourishing green trees. It is said that “The mountain is evergreen in every season and looks like a screen”, and that is where its present name came from. Cuiping Mountain is connected with Zhenwu Mountain with flourishing trees. It is the biggest Forest Park situated in the urban area in Sichuan Province.翠屏山前山有宽阔的石级，蜿蜒曲折，迎接四方，直达山巅。两旁绿树扶疏，藤萝缠绕，繁花飘香。每当丽日晴空，可从山顶俯瞰宜宾全城；极目远望，著名的“叙府三塔”旧州塔、白塔、黑塔鼎足而立，一览无遗。山上除了“哪吒行宫”、唐代石刻“千佛台”、抗日民族英雄“赵一曼纪念馆”及宜宾古八景“翠屏晚钟”、“郁姑仙踪”等胜迹外还有错落在林间的三江一览楼、三友亭、百草园、蜀南楼、动物园、盆景园等。每年还举办春花展、秋菊展，展出盆花六万余盆，为城市美化提供盆花十万余盆，为宜宾这颗绿色明珠添光增色。There are stone steps in front of the mountain winding to the top from all directions. There are green trees, vines and fragrant flowers on both sides. People can overlook the whole city of Yibin from the top of the mountain if it is sunny and clear. People can enjoy the famous “Three Pagodas of Xufu, namely Jiuzhou Pagoda, the White Pagoda and the Black Pagoda standing in distance. Besides “Nezha Palace”, “Qianfo Platform”- the stone carving of Tang Dynasty, “Zhao Yiman Memorial” commemorating the heroine in Anti-Japanese War, and the Eight Ancient Scenes in Yibin including “Bell Chiming in Cuiping Mountain in the afternoon”and “Footprint of Fairy Yugu”and other places of interest, there are also Sanjian Yilan Tower where people have a feast of the beauty of three rivers, Sanyou Pavilion, Baicao Garden, Shunan Tower, the zoo, and Bonsai Garden. There are also spring flowers exhibition and chrysanthemum exhibitions every year. There are more than 60,000 pots of flowers on exhibitions and 100,000 pots of flowers decorating the city, which makes Yibin, “the green pearl” more beautiful and shining. 5 赵一曼纪念馆 Zhao Yiman Memorial赵一曼原名李坤泰，1932年北上抗日，担任东北抗日联军团政委，1936年不幸受伤被俘，壮烈牺牲。纪念馆于1963年建立，占地3120平方米，建筑面积547平方米。纪念馆分三室，陈列有关赵一曼生平事迹的文物资料数百件，以及朱德、董必武、宋庆龄、陈毅、郭沫若等党和国家领导人的题词。Zhao Yiman, whose former name was Li Kuntai, went to the north to fight against the Japanese in 1932. She was the commissar of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army. She was unfortunately hurt and caught in 1936 and was cruelly killed. The memorial was built in 1963, covering an area of 3,120 square m with a construction area of 547 square m. There are three rooms in the memorial, exhibiting hundreds of cultural relics related to Zhao Yimans life and epigraphs of Zhu De, Dong Biwu, Song Qingling, Chen Yi, Guo Moruo and other leaders of the Party and the country.6 真武山庙宇群 Temple Compound in Zhenwu Mountian国家重点文物保护单位真武山庙宇群坐落在翠屏区真武山上，紧连翠屏山，占地面积三公顷多，为著名道教胜地。明清时曾建有头天门、二天门、三天门，三座牌坊和寺观十余座。玄武殿、祖师殿、文昌宫、太子宫、无量殿、望江楼、玄祖殿、斗姆宫等寺庙，组成宏伟壮观的真武山古建筑群。Zhenwu Mountain Temple Compound, which is a Key Cultural Relic under State-level Protection, is located in Zhenwu Mountain of Cuiping Area. It is connected with Cuiping Mountain and occupies an area of more than three hectares. It is a famous place of interest of Taoism. The three torii, “Toutianmen Gate”, “Ertianmen Gate”, “Santianmen Gate, and more than ten temples were built there in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The grand Zhenwu Mountain Temple Compound is made up of Xuanwu Palace, Zushi Palace, Wenchang Palace, Taizi Palace, Wuliang Palace, Wangjiang Tower, Xuanzu Hall, Doumu Palace and other temples.真武山是明代建筑群，经历代修葺，到清代中叶时形成以道教宫观为主，集儒、佛、道为一体的宗教建筑群，成为川南道教名山，此山与翠屏山毗连，因山上有真武祠而得名。此山又名仙侣山、师来山、元武山，均与神仙际遇有关。据地方志记载，山上产一种草药，有一位名郁姑者在山上得仙人指点，弄清了这种草药的吃法和所疗疾病，后人便命此药为仙茅，并成为给皇帝的贡品，而郁姑也成了仙姑。明嘉庆十一年（1553年）叙州郡守淡士灏便在此修建一座楼，命名“遇仙楼”，以供奉郁姑仙子。The buildings in Zhenwu Mountain were mainly built in the Ming Dynasty and experienced many repair to form the present pattern, that is, large numbers of Taoist temples mingle with buildings of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. It has become a famous Taoist mountain in southern Sichuan. Connected with Cuiping Mountain, it got its present name from the Zhenwu Temple on the mountain. The mountain is also called Xianlv Mountain, Shilai Mountain, or Yuanwu Mountain; all have something to do with tales of meeting immortals. According to the chorography, there was a kind of herb in the mountain. Legend has it that a girl called Yugu found the herb and learned its usage by instruction of a fairy on the mountain. Later people named the herb “Xianmao” and offered it to the emperor as a tribute. According to the legend, the girl Yugu became a fairy at last. During the 11th year of Emperor Jiaqings reign in Ming Dynasty (1553), the magistrate of Xuzhou, Dan Shihao, built a pagoda there and named it “Yuxian Pagoda” to commemorate Fairy Yugu. 真武山上原建有飞来寺、牛王庙、半边寺、遇仙楼等庙宇12座，今仅存8座。现存建筑以明代建筑为主，集殿、楼、坊、廊、桥、池、阁、台为一体，主殿为玄祖殿。古庙群依山取势，纵横布局，颇具匠心，参差邻峙，分中有合，其势度、工艺均可与青城山的宫观建筑媲美。Twelve temples including Feilai Temple, Niuwang Temple, Banbian Temple, Yuxian Tower and other temples were built according to the natural geographical condition of Zhenwu Mountain, among which only eight of them still exist today. The existing buildings were mainly constructed in Ming Dynasty. The halls, towers, lanes, corridors, bridges, ponds, pavilions and platforms were well integrated together. Its main hall is Xuanzu Hall. The ancient temples were well-arranged according to the geographical condition of the mountain which can be compared with the temple compound on Qingcheng Mountain. 真武山海拔369米，山上林木葱茏，四季常绿，风景特佳；站在山顶俯瞰金沙江与岷江的绮丽风光，目送大江东去，会给人以一种心旷神怡的感觉。Towering 369 m high, there are flourishing and evergreen trees on the mountain which brings peerless beauty. Standing on the top of the mountain people can overlook the beautiful Jinsha River and Minjiang River which provide people with refreshment and relaxation. 7 流杯池 Liubei Pond流杯池为省级文物保护单位，在宜宾市区岷江北岸天柱山下。北宋元符元年（1098年）大诗人黄庭坚谪居戎州（今宜宾）时，仿王羲之兰亭集序意境修建。池建于怪石嶙嶙的峡谷中，仰望蓝天一线。池两侧石壁有宋、元、明、清历代名人诗词、书法石刻遗迹九十多处。池为九曲形，长52米，宽0.5米。小溪从谷中流出，水流九折，没入石缝。池边有石凳8个，可围坐流杯池饮酒。后人为纪念黄庭坚，将周围地形分别命名为涪翁壑、涪翁洞、涪翁岩，并于池外建荔红亭、涪翁楼、涪翁寺、山谷门。上世纪80年代后，新镌书法名家张大千、张爱萍、黄宾虹、包弼臣等人墨迹石刻20通。现已开辟为公园，面积有157公顷。园内的“曲水流觞”、“笔点丹地”均为宜宾八景之一。Liubei Pond is a Cultural Relic under Provincial-level Protection. It is located at the foot of Tianzhu Mountain on the north bank of the Minjing River in Yibin. A great poet, Huang Tingjian, was exiled to Yibin in the first year of Yuanfu in Northern Song Dynasty (1098), and he built the pond according to the inspiration he got from “Lan Ting Ji Xu” of Wang Xizhi. The pond was built in a gorge where there were many strangely shaped rocks. When people look up from the bottom of the gorge, what they can see is only a narrow line. On the cliff on both sides of the pond, there are more than ninety inscriptions of poems, calligraphy of celebrities in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The pond is in a shape of nine bends with a length of 52 m and a width of 0.5 meter. A little brook flows from the gorge through the nine bends then disappears in the crack of the stones. There are eight stone benches by the side of the pond, where people can sit and drink. The people have named each place near the pond “Fuweng Gully”, “Fuweng Cave”, “Fuweng Rock” and built Lihong Pavilion, Fuweng Tower, Fuweng Temple, Shangu Gate to memorize Huang Tingjian. After the 1980s, the works of some famous modern calligraphers including Zhang Daqian, Zhang Aiping, Huang Binhong, Bao Bichen were engraved in the park. Covering an area of 157 hectares, it is now a place attracting numerous visitors. Its “Qu Shu