2016年职称英语考试理工A真题及答案完整版.doc

2016年职称英语理工类A级真题及答案（网友搜集整理，仅供交流学习）一、词汇1. The revelation of his past ledto his resignation.A.imagination B. confirmationC.recall D. disclosure答案为D. revelation(揭露) disclosure(揭露)2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can bevery brutal.A.careless B. cruelC.strong D. hard答案为B. brutal(残忍的) cruel3. Youll have to sprint if youwant to catch the train.A.jump B.escapeC. run D.prepare答案为C. sprint (快速奔跑) run(奔跑)4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A. changeable B. stableC.suitable D.adaptable答案为A. fluid(不稳定的) changeable (易变的)5. The new garment fits herperfectly.A.haircut B. purseC. clothes D.necklace答案为C. garment(衣服) clothes(衣服)6. The phobia may have its root in achildhood trauma.A.fear B. joyC. hurt D.memory答案为C. trauma(精神上的创伤) hurt(感情上的伤心或痛苦)7. They have to build canals to irrigatethe desert.A.decorate B. waterC.change D. visit答案为B. irrigate(灌溉) water(给浇水)8. Her overall language proficiencyremains that of a toddler.A.disabled B. pupilC.teenager D. baby答案为D. toddler(学步的儿童) baby(婴儿)9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A. warm B.severeC.hard D.dry答答案为A. mild(温暖的) warm(温暖的)10. The details of the costume weretotally authentic.A. real B.outstandingC.creative D. false答案为A. authentic(逼真的) real (逼真的)11. We are aware of the potential problems.A.global B. possibleC.ongoing D. central答案为B. potential(可能的)-possible(可能的)12. The idea was quite brilliant.A.positive B. cleverC.key D. original答案为B. brilliant(绝妙的) clever (聪明的)13. Stock market price tumbledafter rumor of a rise in interest rate.A.regulated B. increasedC. fell D.maintained答案为C. tumbled(暴跌) fell(下降)14. The course gives you basic instructionsin car maintenance.A. coaching B. ideaC.term D. aspect答案为A. instructions (指导说明)coaching（教导）15. All houses within 100 metres of theseas at risk of flooding.A. in danger B. out of controlC.between equals D. in particular答案为A in danger of （处于危险中） at risk of （处于风险中）二、阅读判断The Greatest of Victorian EngineersIn the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口)occurred in 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunels design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated(加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunels death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.16.【题干】Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】17.【题干】Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】18.【题干】Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】19.【题干】Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】20.【题干】Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A【解析】21.【题干】Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A【解析】22.【题干】The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】三、概括大意Geothermal(地热)Energy1.Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earths center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earths surface. It often remains well below the earths surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earths surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either flash steam plants or binary(双重的)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300 to 700Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it flashes or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.4.A reservoir with temperatures below 300 Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.23.【题干】Paragraph1_【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam【答案】C【解析】24【题干】Paragraph2_【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam【答案】A【解析】25【题干】Paragraph3_【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam【答案】E【解析】26【题干】Paragraph4_【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam【答案】F【解析】27.【题干】A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under _.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs【答案】B【解析】28.【题干】A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with _.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs【答案】E【解析】29.【题干】Flash plants produce hot water through _.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs【答案】C【解析】30.【题干】In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into _.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs【答案】A【解析】四、阅读理解第一篇Sports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity(名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(杰出的才能)also for being a symbol of international commerce.When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft(选抜)， he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enoughno NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful(难对付的人)for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture(骨折)in his left foot, a collective shudder(震动)spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process Western experts are generally skeptical of TCMs benefits although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair.There is no reason to dismiss TCM, Yao told a press conference in Beijing. Its been used in our country for thousands of years. I dont think that its short on science.31.【题干】The word towering in Paragraph 1 means_【选项】A.large.B.fat.C.tall.D.great.【答案】C【解析】32.【题干】Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_【选项】A.mobility.B.assault.C.defense.D.celebrity.【答案】A【解析】33.【题干】Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_【选项】A.his right foot had been hurting.B.he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.C.the surgical operation had been a failure.D.he couldnt afford all the medical expenses.【答案】B【解析】34.【题干】Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?【选项】A.He missed the Athens Olympics.B.He is an NBA player.C.He fractured his left foot.D.He is an international figure.【答案】A【解析】35.【题干】In general, the Western experts attitude towards TCM is_.【选项】A.indifferent.B.positive.C.negative.D.doubtful.【答案】D【解析】第二篇 Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化）TheSahel zone lies between the Saharadesert and the fertile savannahs(热带大草原）ofnorthern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional ,andthis is a good description of thesesemi-arid(半干旱）lands,whichoccupy much of the Western African countries of Mail,Mauritania,Niger,and Chad.Unfortunately, over the last century theSahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahellands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land inagriculture use in Africa has deterioratedover the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recentlasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process ofdesertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desertadvances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.One ofthe major causes of this desert advance ispoor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population.Overgrazing一 keeping too many farm animals on the land一means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water suppliesare exhausted. Overcultivation一 tryingto grow too many crops on poor land一 resultsin the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soilerosion (侵蚀) follows, and the land turns into desert.Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cutdown for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help tobind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat forother plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry andloosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventuallythe fertile top soil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock anddust.The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. Theyare,however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover annd sustainableagricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessenthe effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Malifunded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management offorest,while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的）agriculturaleconomy. This may be a model for similar projects in otherWest African countries.36The Sahel zone is an area which _.A. is covered with sad and grassB. has a long historyC. occupies much of South NigeriaD. belongs to Sudan答案：a37. What is the situation about thedesertification in Africa?A. The deserts are replaced withgrasslandsB. The deserts are expandingC. the deserts are moving northwardsD. the deserts are being deserted答案：b38. The word “deteriorated ” in paragraph2 means _.A. deepenedB. sufferedC. slippedD. worsened答案：d39. What is the root causeof desertification?A. poor farmingB. overpopulationC. radical climate changeD. disappearance of rare plant species答案：a40. In order to prevent desertification,the author proposes _.A. making good use of international aidsB. developing a sustainableagricultural economyC. gaining international supportD. converting agricultural land intoforest答案：b第三篇OlderVolcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because theywere bigger，but because the carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）theyreleased wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the linkbetween volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptionskilled off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To hissurprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage theyseemed to do. He calculated the killing efficiency for thesevolcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volumeof lava (熔岩) that they produced. He found that sizefor size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping outlife as their more recent rivalsThe Permian (二叠纪)extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked byfloods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size ofwestern Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10gigatonnes (十亿吨) of carbon as carbon dioxide. The globalwarming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera (种类)at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity andglobal warming but no mass extindtion. Some animals did disappear but thingsreturned to normal within tens of thousands of years. The most recentones hardly have an effect at all, Wignall says. He ignored theextinction which wiped out the dinosaurs (恐龙) 65million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid (小行星). Hethinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent lifeforms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geoophysical Institute in France,says that Wignalls idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard todo these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible totell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousandsor milli