流行病学专业英语词汇.docx

流行病学专业英语词汇* y Q) K) j, k* l6 0 FA6 8 C, : D* t# d安慰剂 Placebo8 2 m# ?6 Y L2 r% b安慰剂效应 placebo effects, s7 T+ a& h+ x1 B# I5 k, Z7 u8 rB4 ! x* m( C1 a, 把握度 study power4 K4 P/ I, % 半试验 semi-trial6 v2 $ m! w( j: n! 保护率 protective rate ，PR8 s9 / ?6 l9 Y# j5 C P4 W报告偏倚 reporting bias& M 3 4 $ e0 x! D% |! Y9 暴露 exposure% g) r; h, d6 3 S6 i! f: H暴露标志 exposure marker. N& T! y$ c) ?6 V; a暴露怀疑偏倚 exposure suspicion bias. k1 y& / |9 s9 h9 l/ s; X0 h3 N爆发调查 outbreak survey Z; P1 ?* W3 m2 w3 v5 |4 R被动监测 passive surveillance- z2 r. h! 9 u1 H/ E s- a# f比例研究 proportional study2 E( O( ( r- s; Z9 M比值比 Odds Ratio ，OR1 X/ r: I6 o3 T* e必需病因 necessary factor of cause) k& K9 ) O0 O标点地图 spot map/ u8 e) L+ F x1 标化比例死亡比 standardized proportional mortality ratio， SPMR9 M- L& A9 ; K2 N标化比值比 standardized odds ratio， SOR2 n# a; w9 a5 l/ Q3 1 6 f1 E标化死亡比 standardized mortality ratio， SMRv! b f( 9 ?/ m, W5 # E+ d( v标准化 standardization) Z& U9 Y+ P2 C3 i6 E/ k/ _; g6 q0 w标准化率比 standardized rate ratio， SRR: M; k& Z6 k% _$ i7 I冰山现象 ice-berg phenomenon# G, # 0 W1 H g丙型肝炎 hepatitis C，HC* D0 j+ V% f9 Y# b7 t6 T+ f并联试验 parallel test: W j4 B. W$ J1 a! F, A6 M/ j. m病毒性肝炎 viral hepatitis& % r( o# 0 F* z/ L病例报告 case report: Z9 X K* p( w. & z/ a: B# V病例-病例研究 case-case study# |4 / K. $ c, w) 病例调查 case survey8 R5 w# I; p* n- U x病例对照研究 case-control study4 a* # e) p e E4 z病例交叉设计 case-crossover design; i: g% X& F g! l6 i病例交叉研究 case-crossover study- F, t( V h! P病例-系列研究 case-series study# Y/ h% z6 u/ Z病死率 fatality rate9 A4 y3 # k9 k! H8 S/ a病因 causation of disease) h) d* D; L) Y- e5 N0 w2 w病因的异质性 etiological heterogeneity* M% 1 A U g$ G$ z9 F病因分值 etiologic fraction，EF0 x+ Y+ d s& h1 c$ x病因链 chains of causation# m5 p3 I! C9 m! B u. Y) k& 病因网 web of causation; Z6 : g d0 |3 9 e/ i不合格 ineligibility, s8 W$ Z5 F5 a P# y# Z6 t不依从 noncompliance& t, k8 E2 y* 7 D- wC0 U4 & : C/ O测量偏倚 measurement bias6 r* - V; _- O& U+ S z. J* r长期变异 secular change， trend variation: x$ z6 G* M# I4 E& v+ p( z超额死亡率 excess mortality: k0 a- ) ?: I4 超额危险度 excess risk* r9 5 5 1 X9 Y7 P巢式病例对照研究 nested case-control study! u7 % M; t( q. Z8 r成本效果分析 cost -effectiveness analysis/ r+ j4 v- q8 _- F成本效益分析 cost-benefit analysis% I5 V- _4 q% n a2 成本效用分析 cost-utility8 F# 9 J3 c成组匹配 category matching, g/ a) t( C! E抽样调查 sampling survey3 & z3 K1 3 v3 抽样框架 sampling frame# g9 b9 a/ & P( l3 X4 |抽样误差 sampling error( D. D* l% 8 C: V 7 k出生队列 birth cohort. 6 N; I! x3 w o出生队列分析法 birth cohort analysis x% b9 Q; 4 c2 E3 b) p! L; s# ( M1 G初级卫生保健 primary health care ，PHC) m6 o) s. O$ U4 m/ q传播概率 transmission probability; J; X: g8 j/ J& S* e0 v8 y传播机制 mechanism of transmission9 . a; m/ p * g传播途径 path of transmission# o/ d1 b3 S2 g5 I0 F; % 传播途径 transmission route( % & , v% H) 6 U( g传播因素 transmitting factor+ q) l+ W# 0 |2 q传染病 communicable diseases6 s) a0 W! u2 J/ G s: 传染过程 infectious process8 D) F8 Q, v* a4 _* a传染性 infectiousness! R9 Z, G1 R* T, : G0 M串联试验 serial test, f) * E& e8 , o6 2 h) P! x粗死亡率 crude death rate改成crude mortality rate 较好& R 8 F6 + s粗一致性 crude agreement) Q9 % 7 N* e3 l. V促成病因 contributory factor of cause( U: P1 . w0 s8 W! H错分偏倚 misclassification bias+ a3 r, t& Y4 f( _& P错误分类 misclassification2 n7 4 z# a& E% e! vD0 3 q- X4 ( d8 F9 3 B大骨节病 Kashin-Beck disease: w8 c: z) ! r& k大流行 pandemic q) M4 B Y3 t! m7 K: Y, n代表性 representativeness3 W- r7 m8 V; 单倍型 haplotype/ m , f, o1 j/ c. S( D单纯随机抽样 simple random sampling: v, r$ X1 l& N8 m& z0 q单盲 single blind/ G* 8 P( 4 D, K A J4 X单项筛检 single screening3 j: h( q p; t I) c9 p: u c等位基因 allele3 t4 V: Z* Y( I$ k等位基因频率 gene frequency$ z7 E0 L! g% . f地方病 endemic diseases# r- W1 J6 V V. & 地方病学 Endemiology, _2 J# z0 y6 h G; K6 B* a; b地方性 endemicity? h6 L, h4 T) _/ U7 h* a# e地方性氟中毒 endemic fluorosis, X; l8 g! n) ; W5 Q2 O地方性砷中毒 endemic arsenism( z0 - t: T$ |+ I2 d# 点突变 point mutation1 s5 F! w9 l5 N# Q1 ; b点源流行 point source epidemic3 w% F0 D* v3 b/ H9 f碘缺乏病 iodine deficiency disease& 2 i& ?/ e+ E% k! R- 调查随访研究 survey follow-up study, M/ B% ( u& D6 H7 m& E8 V调整一致性 adjusted agreement5 O7 P* |8 P( |1 f丁型肝炎 hepatitis D，HDM/ R1 l# X; D* W. O9 k) l动态人群 dynamic population) l, E2 q) 5 z# t$ B# m毒力 virulence3 x. C2 g9 b$ y7 c! U. r6 V% ! _短期波动 irregular variation， rapid fluctuation( 1 I. O3 M队列 cohort, m0 p) B( N+ l) s/ 9 f/ N5 Z队列研究 cohort study& q5 P6 a7 g: _# N C对象报告偏倚 report bias Y+ b2 X+ y0 p0 V/ t y! y多归因程序的方法 Multiple imputation procedure0 V+ a: v# G; P9 R8 多国心血管病趋势和决定因素监测1 L8 p6 ) A9 U( R L6 rMultinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants inardiovascular Diseases， MONICA4 j! N( g9 S( ) ( m3 J多级抽样 multistage sampling4 g& V2 X2 m0 W/ v, w& K9 多群组比较研究 multi-group comparison study0 % ? s0 W h7 ) M3 & H多态性 polymorphism+ x% X0 J l$ I; I6 g多项筛检 multiple screening8 c W* : # S. h7 8 s+ IE ) G Y; i u1 r+ f恶性肿瘤流行病学 cancer Epidemiology( x2 m5 g* - p R二代侵袭率，续发率 secondary attack rate，SAR8 ?/ G% O o+ W& h7 g$ P二级预防 secondary prevention% X2 , n& $ T; x/ F 3 p0 z7 J+ z5 s/ r发病率 incidence rate， morbidity9 G r |, V 9 V b- W# H发病密度 incidence density) X- x5 J) t$ p) X% H/ M发病密度 incidence density5 _* D1 ?, : M$ Q( b发生率研究 incidence study1 ? g B( p, F: q飞沫 droplet M0 P, d# m 2 A: c. B飞沫核 droplet nuclei+ A D/ E+ & . z$ P% B9 e非即时性 non-concurrent* g% A: g3 M, 0 o9 非均衡性错分 differential misclassification; G) h, G R E0 q9 L, P非连续性状 Discrete traits# ! ! Q& d& P肺炎与流感死亡率 pneumonia and influenza deaths， 即P&I deaths: s+ J4 I& F9 M分层 stratification S* Q( L9 I Y E h2 U5 A分层抽样 stratified sampling2 j e/ e& / k! V分层随机分组 stratified randomization* X/ u8 y. 5 H, Q7 k分类变量 categorical variable( y4 N0 B4 |% U- P9 4 Q分离分析 segregation analysis+ G1 T( z0 p* P6 Y分子流行病学 Molecular Epidemiology; f s1 t E6 c% h C封闭性抗体 blocking antibodies/ C1 ?9 t, O- M B& B氟斑牙 dental fluorosis# ) . l9 U) 7 r9 E氟骨症 skeletal fluorosis+ s4 m. w C% e( L负混杂 negative confounding0 Y0 w! Y9 V% C# u b. e1 w- H% e复等位基因位点 multiple alles1 D- O2 S 1 . Y复杂性状 complex trait/ ; g* v; C! y8 VG% M: 7 Q L( m! T& P0 W概念框架 conceptual framework o4 W4 T% t% y1 0 I干预随访研究 intervention follow-up study8 p! |% x2 O7 N6 n! b3 e; Y感染储主 reservoir of infection I* E6 r1 S v4 v& v& q 感染来源 source of infection& w _1 p& Y; E H& A M感染力 infectivity Y9 P( B h5 I9 C感染谱 spectrum of infection% |; o/ G3 F/ L+ K) i感染梯度 gradient of infection( E p1 c& N& P感染性腹泻 infectious diarrhea* 3 4 G! f V6 i2 ?感染性腹泻病 infectious diarrheal disease G7 Q p4 h e4 i |感染症 infections or infectious diseases+ V8 $ w# e J. z- d- V高危人群策略 high risk strategy) W: c# I6 R- N, 7 l5 z个案 case1 I2 m2 y, W, I c# P个案调查 case study: 8 0 e/ e I7 w1 % E; B个案调查 individual survey& c! T6 H& U: : s6 L( 个体匹配 individual matching8 f( g6 i! h; J% w工程干预 engineering intervention% t% K6 t6 B: q+ x! U7 Q+ T共变法 method of concomitant variation# p, R( Q v7 b: s共显性 codominance# R5 a* N; ( Z0 Q9 g构成比 proportionw0 k, Z$ 5 K; 6 B5 E+ t* B; D固定队列 fixed co