7B初一英语语法复习.doc

7B初一英语语法复习 1. 形容词的用法： 形容词用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征。在句中可以作定语、表语，用于限定被修饰语的特征，如长短、大小、重量、颜色、高矮、胖瘦、新旧等，。 The little girl is very pretty. 这个小女孩很好看。 -I want that one. 我想要那个。 -Which one? 哪一个？ -The new blue one. 那个蓝色新的。 Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那个大的漂亮的吗？ 2、人称代词： 是用来表示人的代词，有单数和负数之分，有主格和宾格之分。人称代词的主格在句中作主语；人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语，是作动词或介词的宾语。 主格：I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主语 宾格：me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作宾语 He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一个班级。 Can you see them in the street? 你能看见他们在街上吗？ 3、可数名词和不可数名词 英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡是可数计数的名词叫做可数名词；凡是不可以计数的名词叫做不可数名词。 （1）可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。可数名词前可以用不定冠词、数词或some many等修饰。如：a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens （2）不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不能用不定冠词、数词或many等词语修饰，但可以用some a little much等词语来修饰。有时可以与一些量词短语搭配，这些量词短语中的名词一般是可数的，有单数形式，也可以有复数形式。如：some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water 4、祈使句 祈使句用来表示请求、命令等，句中没有主语，肯定形式由谓语或者谓语+宾语（+宾语补足语）构成，否定形式则在句前加Dont. Stand up, please. 请起立。 Dont worry. 别担心。 can的用法： can是情态动词，表示“能，会，可以，被允许等”，其后接动词原形，否定形式为cannot，可缩写为cant. She can speak Japanese. 她会讲日语。 I cant remember his name. 我不记得他的名字了。 Can you spell your name? 你会拼写你的名字吗？ 5、have/ has的用法： 1) 谓语动词have表示“有”，有两种形式：have和has，前者用于第一人称(I, we)，第二人称(you)和第三人称复数(they)，后者用于第三人称单数(he, she, it)或单数名词。 I have an apple and he has two bananas. 我有一个苹果，他有两个香蕉。 You have a new English teacher. 你们有了一个新的英语老师。 It has two big eyes. 它有一双大眼睛。 Julie and Jack have a nice car. 朱莉和杰克有一辆好看的车。 2) have/has句型与there be句型的比较：两者都表示“有”，但用法不同。前者表示所属关系，即表示“某人或某物有什么”，而后者表示存在，表示“某地有什么”。 They have some new books. 他们有一些新书。 There are some new books on their desks. 他们桌子上有一些新书。 She has a lot of pretty skirts. 她有很多漂亮的裙子。 There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop. 商店里有很多漂亮的裙子。 3) have/ has的否定句，一般要加助动词do/ does，再加not构成，即do not have (dont have)/ does not have (doesnt have) . She does not have a sister. 她没有姐姐。 We dont have any classes on Saturday. 我们星期六没有课。 Ann and I dont have a big room. 我和安没有一个大房间。 4) 一般疑问句由“助动词Do/ Does + 主语 + have + 宾语”构成，回答用Yes, do/ does.或者No, dont/ doesnt. -Do you have a big house? 他们的房子大吗？ -No, they dont. 不，他们的房子不大。 -Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮吗？ -Yes, he does. 他有的。 5) 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词 + 助动词do/ does + have (+状语)构成。 What do they have? 他们有什么？ What does he have? 他有什么？ How many telephones do they have? 他们有几部电话？ 6、介词用法： 1) 具体时间前介词用at。 . He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七点半起床。 She goes to bed at eleven oclock. 她十一点睡觉。 2) 表示“在早上，在下午，在晚上”的短语中用介词in，且定冠词the不能省略；表示“在中午，在夜里”的短语中介词用at，不加冠词。 in the morning在早上，in the afternoon 在下午，in the evening 在晚上 at noon在中午，at night在夜里 3) 表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短语用介词on。 What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么？ Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有时你星期五晚上出去吃饭吗？ He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看DVD。 Parents take children to parks on June 1. 六月一日，家长们带着孩子去公园。 4) 在this, last, next, every等词前面既不加介词，也不用冠词。 What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么？ He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每个星期五都去看望祖母。 She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下个星期一去上海。 7、现在进行时态： 概念：表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，也可以表示目前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的活动。 结构：由be动词(am, is, are) + 动词ing构成，其中be动词要与主语保持性数一致。 Mary is flying a kite in the park. 玛丽正在公园里放风筝。 -What are you doing now?你现在在干什么？ -Im reading English. 我正在读英语。 Are they drawing the pictures now?他们正在画画吗？ 动词现在分词是动词原形变化而来的，规则变化如下： 动词ing形式叫动词现在分词，其构成如下： 1) 直接在动词后加ing playplaying, dodoing, talktalking, sing-singing 2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加ing makemaking, writewriting, havehaving, taketaking 3) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写这个辅音字母，再加ing runrunning, stopstopping, putputting, swimswimming 注意对现在进行时态的判断。判断一个英语句子用什么时态，主要看句子的时间状语，一般说来，每种时态都有与之相对应的时间状语。现在进行时表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。因此，这个时态最常用的时间状语是now；但有不少句子并没有now，只能通过提示语如look、listen等或者通过上下文来确定用现在进行时。 She is cleaning her room now. 她正在打扫房间。 Look! The girl is dancing over there. 看！那个女孩在那里跳舞。 -Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我们一起做游戏吗？ -Cant you see I am doing my homework? 你没看见我正在做作业吗？练习： 按要求改写句子1. The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_对“is playing basketball”提问：_对“ The boy”提问：_2. They are singing in the classroom.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_对“are singing ”提问：_对“ in the classroom”提问：_3.仿照例句造句:Model:read,a book -What are you doing? -Im reading a book.1).read a new book _2).clean the blackboard _4.she,the window,open,now.(用现在进行时连词成句.) _5.The birds are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问) _6.is,who,the window,cleaning?(连词成句) _7.The children are playing games near the house.(就划线部分提问_8.She is closing the door now.(改成否定句) _9.You are doing your homework.(用I作主语改写句子) _10.they,the tree,sing,now,under.(用现在进行时连词成句.) _11.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句) _II.单项选择（ ）1.我在照看孩子.(A)I am looking after the baby. (B)Im look aftering the baby. (C)I look am aftering the baby. (D)I looking after the baby.( )2._friends making_a kite. (A)I,me (B)My,my (C)My,me (D)His,his( )3.Is the woman _ yellow your teacher? (A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having( )4.Look!The twins_their mother do the housework. (A)are wanting (B)help (C)are helping (D)are looking( )5._are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where( )6.Is she_something? (A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats( )7.你在干什么? (A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do? (C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do?( )8.What are you listening_? (A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to( )9.我正在听他说话. (A)I listening to him. (B)Im listening to him. (C)Im listen to him. (D)Im listening him.( )10.They are_their clothes. (A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on( )11.Listen! She_in the classroom. (A)is singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing( )12.Today Jim_ his white shirt and brown trousers. (A)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is wearing( )13._are you eating?Im eating_meat. (A)What,some (B)Which,any (C)Where,not (D)What,a( )14.They_TV in the evening.They do their homework. (A)are watching (B)cant watching (C)dont watch (D)dont watching( )15.The children_football. (A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a( )16.They are flying kites. (A)他们喜欢放风筝. (B)他们在放风筝吗? (C)他们在放风筝. (D)他们常放风筝.( )17.Here are many books. Please_them. (A)look (B)write (C)count (D)taking( )18.Look,They are swimming in the river. I want_you. (A)to go with (B)go with (C)helping (D)help( )20.Look.Lucy is_a new bike today. (A)jumping (B)running (C)riding (D)takeingIII.用现在进行时完成下列句子:1.What_you_(do)?2.I_(sing) an English song.3.What_he_(mend)?4.He_(mend) a car.5._you_(fly) a kite?Yes,_.6._she_(sit) in the boat?7._you_(ask) questions?8.We_(play) games now.IV.翻译1.我正在读英语。 2.他正在写字。3.你正在唱歌吗？是的，我在唱歌。不，我不在唱歌。4.你正在干什么？ 我正在做作业。5.看！杰克正在游泳。 6.听！她正在唱歌。7.你父亲在干什么？他正在看电视。8他正在打一封信吗？是的。9.琳达经常在晚上做作业,但她今晚在看电视。10.今天天气不错。瞧！他们正在草地上玩耍。11.我不能和你出去了.外面正下雨呢。12.我的父母年岁越来越老了。 8、一般现在时 一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征或状态。 其动词形式是：动词原形（只有第三人称单数作主语时除外，要加-s）其疑问句和否定句需要用助动词do或does 1) 肯定句用行为动词原形表示 They get up very early every morning. 他们每天早晨起来很早。 I visit my grandparents four times a month. 我一个月去看望祖父母四次。 2) 否定句用dont + 动词原形来表示 We do not go shopping on Sundays. 我们周日不去购物。 I dont think you like this colour. 我想你不喜欢这个颜色。 3) 一般疑问句则是把助动词do提前至句首，后面动词用原形。回答时，肯定用 “Yes, 主语do”；否定句用 “No, 主语dont”。 Do they go to school at seven oclock? 他们七点去上学吗？ -Yes, they do. -Do you like this skirt? 你喜欢这条裙子吗？ -No, I dont. 不，我不喜欢。 一般现在时用来表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与以下的时间状语连用：often 经常，always 总是，sometimes 有时，usually 通常，every day/ week 每天/ 周等。 He usually goes to school by bike. 通常他骑车上学。 I visit my grandparents every week. 我每个星期都去看祖父母。 She is always late for class. 她总是上课迟到。 My parents and I sometimes go out to eat. 我和父母有时出去吃饭。 It often rains here. 这儿常常下雨。 主语为第三人称单数时的一般现在时 一般现在时态，当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词也要是第三人称单数，后要加-s或-es。 He likes reading at night. 他喜欢夜里读书。 She usually goes to school by bike. 她平时骑车上学。 The little cat drinks milk every day. 小猫每天都喝牛奶。 转换成否定句要加doesnt，其后的动词用原形。 Kelly doesnt get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 凯丽星期六星期天起床不早。 He doesnt feel well today. 他今天感觉不舒服。 转换成一般疑问句，句首用Does，其后的动词用原形。 Does he have lunch at school? 他在学校吃午饭吗？ Does it take long by train? 乘火车要很长时间吗？一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often (have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy (be) in Class One. 3. We (not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick (not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. they (like) the World Cup? 6. What they often (do) on Saturdays? 7. your parents (read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I (take) a walk together every evening. 10. There (be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike (like) cooking. 12. They (have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt (look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always (do) your homework well. 15. I (be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She (go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao (do) not like PE. 18. The child often (watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang (have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day (be) it today? Its S二、单项选择（15分）21. All the workers looked _ at the boss and kept _. A. angry ;quiet B. angrily ; quietly C. angry ; quiet D. angrily ; quietly22. Would you please _ the window ? Its too cold Oh, sorry. I wont keep it _. A. to close, opened B. to close, open C. close; open D. close; opened 23. Is _ here ? Yes. We are all here except Li Ping A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody24. Last year, he _drive a car, but now he _. A .could, can B. can, could C. can, couldnt D. couldnt, can 25. Mrs smith _ be at home now . She flew to Hainan this morning A mustnt B. cant C. may not D. neednt26. Do you think the problem is _? If you think hard ,youll find it _ to work out . A. hard , easy B. easy, hard C. hardly, easily D. hardly , easy27. You _come to the party tonight if you dont feel well A. neednt to B. dont need to C. dont need D. dont to need 28. Be _not to eat so _ chocolate A. careful , little B. carefully , a few C. careless , little D. careless , much29. She wants to teach us _ English. A. speak B. to speak C. speaks D. speaking 30. We stopped , but heard nothing from the room. A. to listening to B. to listen to C .listening D .to listen31.Can you join us this afternoon?Sorry, I cant. I take care of my little sister because my mother is out. A. can B. may C. would D. have to32.Can you anything strange?It like a small mouse. A. listen, sounds B. hear, listens C. hear, sounds D. sound, hears33.Does this umbrella _ Millie? Yes, it is _. A. belongs to; her B. belong to; her C. belongs to; hers D. belong to; hers34. There will be more three _ people watching the game that day. A. thousands of B. thousand C. thousand of D. thousands35. Isnt that a funny story? _ I like it very much. A. Yes, it is. B. Yes, it isnt. C. No, it isnt D. No, it is.三、完形填空（10分）Thousands of years ago，people did not know 36 to make a fireWhen it was very 37 at night，they could not sleep wellSometimes lightning hit（打，击） a 38 and started a fire. At first people were both surprised and 39 to see the fireThey were afraid to go upLater a few 40 men took some of this fire and made a fire near their homesThey used the fire to keep them warm and to cook foodWhen they had a fire，they did not let it 41 burningIf it stopped，they could not start it againMaybe they had to 42 for a long time，sometimes for 43 Later they 44 how to make a fire with pieces of wood Now we have matches，we can put them in our pockets and make a fire when we want to make itBut we have to be 45 with fire36Awhat Bhow Cwhen Dwhere37Acold Bhot Cwarm Dcool38Aperson Bmountain(山) Cfield Dforest(森林)39Aglad Bafraid Cready Dtired40Avery Bbrave Csad Dhappy41Astop Bmake Cbe Dstart42Awork Bplay Cwait D1ive43Aminutes Bhours Cdays Dyears44Aforgot Bdecided C1earned Dtold45Aangry Bpleased Ccareful Dbusy四、阅读理解（20分）ABulletin board(公告牌)Date From Message AnswerJuly 1 Eric I bought a new English storybook last week. It is called The Fun Animal World. There are twelve interesting stories in the book. 32July 2 Maggie Does anyone know any nice English exercise books? 20July 4 Wendy I didnt pass my English test again. Can you tell me how to prepare for English tests? 16July 6 English Writing Group Are you interested in joining our English Writing Group? E-mail us at e to learn more about it. 12根据表格内容，选择最佳答案。46. When did Maggie put the message on the bulletin board? A. On July 1. B. On July 2. C. On July 4. D. On July 6.47. Which of the following gets the most answers? A. Wendy B. Maggie C. Eric D. English Writing Group48. What does Wendy want to do? A. She wants to buy some English exercise books. B. She wants to teach English in a school. C. She wants to do better in her English test next time. D. She wants to e-mail the English Writing Group.-一般将来时语法和专项练习一般将来时de 自述大家好！我是你们的老朋友了，还记得我是谁吗？看仔细了，我是一般将来时态啊！在英语中，我表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow morning, next year, the day after tomorrow等表示将来的时间状语连用。那么，你还记得我的构成形式吗？1. 助动词will+动词原形在句法中，will在名词或代词的后面常缩写为ll, will not 常缩写为wont。在疑问句中，主语为第一人称I 或We时，常用助动词shall, shall not 缩写为shant。如：She will be back here tomorrow afternoon. 她明天下午将要回到这儿来。Shall we get to the zoo early tomorrow morning? 我们得明天早上早点到达动物园吗？2. be going to +动词原形该句式往往表示计划、打算、决定要做的事或将要发生的事。其中be有人称和数的变化，即am, is , are。如：I am going to watch a movie. 我打算今晚看电影。She is going to see her grandpa tomorrow. 她打算明天去看望她的爷爷。We are not going to meet outside the school gate. 我们不打算在校门口见面。3. 其他 表示移动性的瞬间动词用于进行时，表将来。 在英语中，类似come等等动词被称为移动性动词，其进行时态可以表将来，类似的动词还有go, leave, start, begin等。如： The train is coming. 火车就要来了。 The bus is arriving at 9:00. 公交车将于早上9点到达。 在时间或条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时或祈使句，或是含有情态动词，则从句用一般现在时来表示将来。如：You cant go home if you dont finish your homework. 如果你完不成作业，你不能回家。When I am older, I think I will be a scientist. 当我长大了，我认为我会成为一个科学家。一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及计划、打算做某事。E.g. They will have a football match tomorrow. He will be thirty next week. She is going to buy a coat this afternoon.其结构有如下几种: 1)will + 动词原形(will可以用于任何人称) 需要注意的是当主语是第一人称时will可以换成shall,特别是在以I或we作主语的问句中,一般用shall. e.g. Shall we go to the zoo? 2)be going to +动词原形 3)现在进行时也可表示将来,第一种结构的句式变化是: 变否定句在will后边加not. 变一般疑问句把will提前. e.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. Will She be back in three days? 第二种结构的句式变化要在be上做文章. E.g. They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom?其时间状语有如下