Unit 5 International Charities.doc

Unit 5 International Charities学习目标知识目标四会单词和短语pocket, blindness, affect, mostly, case, cure, prevent, medical, treatment, operation, patient, video, operate, grateful, indeed, proud, treat, illness, repair, prevention, gentle, meaningful, fund-raising, serious, train pocket money，be used to, used to, health care, have a big lunch, too weak to walk, next to能力目标（1）能听懂的reported speech句意并能正确的口头表达reported speech。（2）阅读有关国际慈善机构作用的文章并能写简短的报告。（3）掌握本课中出现的构词法并能利用构词法猜测词义。交际用语（1）Lets go and give them some money.（2）Im not used to going out before lunch.（3）Please tell us something about blindness.（4）Why dont you work in a hospital?学法指导背景知识 国际奥比斯组织国际奥比斯组织 (Project Orbis - ORBIS) 是一个致力于为世界各国盲人和眼疾患者恢复光明的国际性慈善机构，它的宗旨是“使全球失明者重见光明”。 这个组织的国际奥比斯眼科飞行医院是世界第一所飞机眼科医院。该院于1982年3月在美国休思敦正式建立，它是由一架DC8型飞机改装而成，内部设有预检室、检查室、微型手术室、护理室等手术设备，既可施行手术又可从事示范教学、并通过双向通讯设备，直接与示范医生进行问答。奥比斯组织总部设在纽约。在休斯敦、伦敦、加拿大和香港设有办事处，并配备了从美国及其他地区选出的一批拥有高级技术的医生、护士、工程师、机师、影视制作人员等为随机人员。自1982年成立以来，来自29个国家的600多位世界一流的眼科专家，先后访问了四大洲70多个国家和地区，使万名眼疾患者在专机上进行手术治疗，使他们重见光明，并有万多名各国眼科医生、护士参与了它的训练计划，使之成为推行防盲、治盲的骨干。 国际奥比斯组织（ORBIS）是一个中立的、非盈利的国际人道主义发展组织。迄今为止，已环绕地球四次，在八十余个国家完成了超过500项防盲治盲医疗活动，将最新的防盲技术传授给五万多名眼科医生和护士。 联合国儿童基金会联合国儿童基金会是联合国大会于1946年为了满足第二次世界大战之后欧洲儿童的紧急之需而成立的。1953年10月该组织（当时为联合国国际儿童紧急救援基金会）成为联合国系统的一个常设机构，其作用扩大为满足发展中国家生活在贫困之中儿童的长期之需。其名称也缩短为联合国儿童基金会，但仍然保留了其为人所熟知的缩写字头UNICEF。联合国儿童基金会是唯一完全致力于儿童事业的联合国组织，该组织与其他联合国机构、政府和非政府组织共同合作，在140多个国家里提供以社区为基础的各种服务，包括初级卫生保健、营养、基础教育以及安全饮水和卫生。其目的是减轻由于缺少这些服务给世界上最年幼的公民造成的可怕伤害。联合国儿童基金会从一开始就强调进步、和平与儿童福祉之间的联系，该组织于1965年获得诺贝尔和平奖，奖励其“促进各国间的友好”。难点透析1. We can have a big lunch afterwards. 过后我们可以大吃一顿。 一日三餐之前一般不加冠词。如：Where did you have breakfast this morning? 你今天在哪里吃早饭的？但如果breakfast, lunch, supper或dinner之前有形容词修饰时，常加a/an。如：We had a wonderful dinner last night. 昨晚我们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。2. Im too weak to walk. 我体力太弱了，没法再走了。 “tooto”结构表示“太而不能”， 副词后接形容词或副词的原形，其后再接动词不定式。如： She is too young to go to school. 她年纪太小了不能去上学。 但是当句子的主语与不定式的主语不一致时，常需在不定式前补加一个介词短语for sb.，即：toofor sb. to do sth.。如：The problem is too difficult for me to work out. “tooto”结构可以转化为 “sothat”结构，如： He is too short to reach the apple. He is so short that he cant reach the apple.3. Blindness affects about 45 million people around the worlds, mostly in poor countries.失眠影响着全球4500万人，大部分在贫穷国家。affect 在这里的意思是“影响”。如： Smoking affects your health. 吸烟影响健康。Mostly 意思是“主要地”、“大部分”，注意和most的区别。如：The boys in our class mostly like singing . 我们班上的男孩子大部分喜欢唱歌。Most of the boys in our class like playing football. 我们班上大多数男孩子喜欢踢足球。4. The good news is that 80 per cent of the cases of blindness can be cured or prevented.好消息是80%的失明病例是能治疗或预防的。这是由that 引导的表语从句，如：The bad news is that many people do not have the money for medical treatment.坏消息是很多人没钱进行医疗诊治。cure这里是“治愈”、“治疗”的意思。如：The medicine cured my cold. 这药治好了我的感冒。5. By training local doctors and nurses, we hope to help more people.通过培训当地的医生和护士，我们希望能帮助更多的人。by这里的意思是“通过（某中途径）”，后接动词-ing形式。如：(1) By helping each other, the students have improved their grades. 通过互相帮助，学生们提高了学习成绩。(2) We hope people will support our work by sending donations to ORBIS.我们希望人们通过向奥比斯捐助支持我们的工作。6. Im proud that I can help so many ud后既可跟that引导的宾语从句又可跟不定式或介词of引起的短语。如：Im proud to be your friend.成为你的朋友我很骄傲。Helen is very proud of his new house.海伦很为自己的新房子而骄傲。7. ORBIS is a charity that helps blind people. 奥比斯是一个帮助盲人的慈善机构。Blind people = the blind 意思为“盲人”“the + 形容词” 表示 “一类人”。如：the old老人 the poor 穷人 the sick病人语法要点： 直接引语和间接引语直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话有有引号，而间接引语是引述别人的话，不用引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语改为间接引语时一般要作相应的变化。遵循下列规律：一、一般规律。在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词this / thesethat / those 时间状语now / tomorrowthen / the next daytoday / yesterdaythat day / the day beforelast week / two days agothe week before / two days before地点状语herethere动词时态一般现在时 / 一般过去时一般过去时 / 过去完成时现在进行时 / 一般将来时过去进行时 / 过去将来时现在完成时 / 过去完成时过去完成时 /（不变）动词变化Can / may / mustcould/ might / had tocome / bringgo / take二、三要素在掌握直接引语变间接引语这一语法项目，关键要掌握下列“三要素”。要素一：陈述句的间接引语连接词用that，在口语中可省略。引述动词用said, told, ,等。例如： He said: “Ive left my book in my room.”He told me that he had left his book in his room.要素二： 疑问句的间接引语。1)一般疑问句后连接词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him等，例如： She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.2) 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如： The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.要素三：祈使句的间接引语采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。即 told sb. (not) to do sth. / asked sb. (not) to do sth. / ordered sb. (not) to do sth注意：引语中的呼语可改成宾语。引语中的please 去掉，动词改为 ask The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.” The teacher told the students not to waste their time.三、 “四不变”在直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意以下五种不变的特殊情况。1 直接引语如果是客观真理，谚（习）语，变间接引语时时态不变。例如： The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.2. 直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的，习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的，变间接引语时，时态保持不变，例如： The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.3 直接引语如果有明确的表示过去的时间状语，时态不变。例如： He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”He told me that he was born in 1978.4直接引语中凡有When，since，while 引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句时态，从句的时态不变。例如：(1) He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” He said he had studied English since he was a boy.(2) She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.另外，如果说话人转述自己的话，人称则可不变. 如果就在当地转述, here不必变为there，come不必改为go，如果就在当天转述，则today, yesterday, tomorrow等状语也不必变化。 used to和be used to 结构 、意思不同：used to指过去常常，be used to指习惯于，惯于。、所用的时态不同：used to一般用过去时；be used to（也可以说成get used to）根据实际情况采 用多种适当的时态。、结构不同：a、to的含义不同。在used to结构中，to为不定式符号，后面跟动词原形。在be use d to结构中，to为介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词。b、疑问式和否定式的构成形式不同。be used to结构的否定式 往往在be 之后加not；否定结构则把be提置句首；used to结构的否定式可以是didnt used to (do)；也可以是 usednt to (do)；它的疑问式可以把used提置句首，也可借助did，构成Did use to (do)？这种疑问句式 。例如：(1) He used to go to school on foot. 他以前步行去学校。(2) Did he use to go out with his friends at weekends? 他以前周末常和朋友外出吗？(3)They soon got used to driving on the left in HK.他们很快习惯了在香港靠左行驶。(6) I used to live in the south. Im living in the north now and I havent been/got used to the climate here. 我过去住在南方。可现在我住在北方，这里的气候我还不很习惯（或适应）。典例解析例1. Is there youd like to say to our leader A. anything else B. something else C. everything else D. nothing else思路分析：something一般用于肯定句中，anything一般用于否定或疑问句中，形容词修饰不定代词必须最后，故选A。例2. 1 Ive_ his address 2 I_ my umbrella at home yesterday思路分析：forget在表示“遗忘”时，不能与表示地点的词语连用。leave指的是将某物遗忘在某个地方，后要接表示地点的词语。故答案为1.forgotten 2.left例3. He hopes_ see a monster if hes lucky enough. A. to B. he will C. him to D. Both A andB思路分析：hope 后跟宾语从句或者动词不定式即hope that或hope to do sth，故选D例4. Thank you for your .(kind) I have read an (advertise) for UNICEF. I have a large (collect) of short stories.思路分析：这三题的共同特点是将括号中的词转为名词。加后缀 -ment, -ness and -ion 是本单元所学的一种构词法。kind 的名词形式是kindness; advertise的名词形式是advertisement；collect的名词形式是collection.练习小帮手P75: 1.ORBIS 2.World Wide Fund for Nature 3.World Vision 4. Oxfam 5.UNICEFP78: B1 b f a e d c B2 operations skills knowledge grateful patients treat donationsP79: C1 e f a c d b C2 1.charity 2.blind 3.eye 4.hospital 5.doctors 6.treat 7.teach 8.operationsP80: A 1.advertisement 2.collection 3.development 4.usefulness 5.donation 6.educationn 7.gentleness 8.improvement 9.kindness 10.organize 11.sad 12.sick B 1.advertisement 2.organization 3.improve 4.education 5.sick 6.kindnessP81: A1 1.he left 2.its in her 3.he has 4.it has 5.shell look 6.she gets 7.shesP82: 2. Miss Cao said (that) World Vision works for all people, especially children. 3. Miss Cao said (that) World Vision helps people help themselves. 4. Miss Cao said (that) she enjoys working for World Vision. 5. Miss Cao said (that) many people volunteer to work for or donate money to World Vision. 6. Miss Cao said (that) people all over the world are grateful to World Vision.P83: 2.Amy said doctors cure sick people. 3.Amy said doctors have to work very hard. 4.Amy said some doctors work for 72 hours without sleep.P84: 2.Dr Ma used to live in a big flat. 3.Dr Ma used to operate on two or three patients a day. 4.Dr Ma used to go out with his friends at weekends. 5.Dr Ma used to spend a lot of money on going out to restaurants and cinemas.P85: C1 2.Dr Ma is used to operating on a plane. 3.Dr Ma is used to the long hours. 4.Dr Ma is used to the unusual lifestyle. C2 1.uesed to 2.are used to 3.used to 4.was, used to 5.used to 6.is used to 7.used to Work Out the rule: infinitive, -ing form, noun phraseP86: A1 3 2 5 4 1 A3 2.1946 3.to help children whose lives were changed because of the warP87: 1.1946 2.children 3.158 4.families 5.doantions 6.activities 7.voluntary 8.water 9.healthy 10.schoolP88: 1.ORBIS 2.rich 3.poor 4.local 5.eye 6.knowledge 7.operaton 8.medicineP89: A2 3 5 2 4 1P91: A 1.we all got good grades on our presentations. 2.are used to 3. used to 4.am used to 5.used to 6.he thinks charities do a lot of good work. B blindness cured donation excitement operation prevention proud treatment skill智能训练Unit 5 Period One Welcome to the Unit一、根据句意、首字母和中文意思完成句子1. I used to (fly) kites in spring.2. We can go out for a walk (后来).3. She is not used to (travel) by train.4. What do you think people in poor (country) need most?5. Im too w to go on walking.6. My father often takes me to the (餐馆) near the park.7. Be quick! There is only two minutes l .8. Lets (go) to the Oxfam shop.9. My English teacher is very k to us.10. I remember you have enough p money.二、选择填空（ ）1. Shall I tell John about it?No, you . Ive told him already.A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. shant （ ）2. Where is my pen?Oh, sorry. I have taken by mistake.A. yours B. you C. mine D. your （ ）3. Can I get you a cup of orange? .A. Its very kind of you B. With pleasureC. You can, please. D. Thank you for the orange （ ）4. The problem is difficult for me work out.A. very; to B. too; to C. so; that D. enough; to（ ）5. He used to with his parents.A. go swimming B. going swimming C. go swim D. going swim（ ）6. Im used to a doctor.A. is B. was C. being D. be三、根据汉语意思完成下列句子：1、我太累了不能走了。 Im .2、下周我将带你们去一家新博物馆。 Next week I will .3、她习惯于在饭后散步。 She after meals.4、你知道全世界有多少国际慈善机构？ Do you know how many in the world?5、让我们首先大吃一顿午餐。 Lets .四、完形填空：Mark lived in a village far away. One day he became very ill and everyone thought he would 1 soon. They sent for a doctor. Two days 2 the doctor came and looked over the sick man. 3 asked for a pen and some paper to write down the name of the medicine. But there was no pen 4 paper in the village, because no one could write.The doctor 5 up a piece of burnt wood from the fire and wrote the name of the medicine on the 6 of the house. “Get this medicine for him,” he said, “and he will soon get 7 .Marks family and friends did not know 8 to do. They could not read the strange words. Then a young man 9 an idea. He took off the door of the house, put it on his carriage and drove to the nearest 10 . He bought the medicine there, and Mark was soon well again.( )1. A. wake B. cry C. move D. die( )2. A. late B. later C. ago D. before( )3. A. The sick man B. Mark C. The doctor D. The farmer( )4. A. and B. or C. then D. also( )5. A. picked B. held C. made D. looked( )6. A. wall B. window C. ground D. door( )7. A. well B. worse C. bad D. good( )8. A. when B. what C. where D. which( )9. A. thought B. hit C. caught D. had( )10. A. shop B. farm C. hospital D. villageUnit 5 Period Two Reading (一)一、根据课文内容判断正误( ) 1.ORBIS is a charity that helps old people.( ) 2.Blindness affects about 45 million people , mostly in western countries.( ) 3.Many blind people have no money for medical treatment.( ) 4.Local doctors and nurses can only watch the operations on video.( ) 5.All the doctors and nurses on ORBIS plane are volunteers.( ) 6.Mr. Ma used to do two or three operations a day when he worked in a hospital.( ) 7.The ORBIS doctors dont need modern machines to treat the patients problems.( ) 8.ORBIS has enough money to carry on its work.二、根据所给提示完成句子1. Reading in the sun will a our eyesight.2. They have (治愈) over 300 people in my hometown since last week.3. The ORBIS doctors will examine the eyes of . (病人)4. I was i very glad to hear the good news.5. We are (自豪，骄傲) that we beat them in the football match.三、根据句意，从方框内选择合适的单词，并用其正确形式填空operate blind medicine grate teach1. Would you please tell me something about .2. That modern building in our school is a centre.3. Many poor people do not have enough money for treatment.4. How many does your father perform every day?5. The blind people in poor countries are to ORBIS doctors.四、词组翻译1.80%的失明病例 2.飞行眼科医院3.志愿医生和护士 4. 施行手术5.通过录像观看手术 6. 向奥比斯捐助7.在我上一次访问过程中 8. 继续我们的工作9.现代医药 10.支持我们的工作五、选择填空( )1. The ORBIS doctors teach new skills and knowledge. A. their B. they C. them D. theirs( )2. We hope to help more people training local doctors and nurses. A. on B. in C. by D. with( )3. Dr. Ma used to two or three persons in the hospital. A. operate on B. operating on C. operate for D. operating for( )4. Is there youd like to say to our teachers. A. something else B. else something C. anything else D. else anything ( )5. poor people died of hunger. A. Three millions B. Millions of C. Million of D. Three millions of ( )6. All of us should try our best to help people. A. another B. the other C. the others D. other六、阅读理解：The most common（普通的）disease（疾病）in the world is the cold. It often starts with a sore throat（嗓子痛）. You sneeze（打喷嚏） and your nose runs. You usually have a headache too. Often you have a cough. Its not a serious disease, but you can feel quite ill. There isnt a cure（特效药）for a cool, but you can take medicines to make you feel better. It is good to rest, and to drink a lot of water, too. A doctor once told me “With the right medicine, a cold will last for seven days. With no medicine, it will go on for a whole week!”Where does our medicine come from? A long time ago, people understood that some plants made them feel better. They ate certain parts of plants, like the leaves, the fruit, or the seeds（籽）. For example, the juice of lemons makes a sore throat feel better.In modern times, scientists have looked at these plants, and found out which chemicals（化学物质）are in them. Many of our medicines today are made from those chemicals.There are some diseases which we cant cure（治愈）yet. And nobody has found a cure for old age. But because of modern medicines, most of the people live longer than their grandparents.( ) 8. Which of the following is NOT true about the cold?A. The cold can last a week. B. Youll have a running nose when having a coldC. We may catch a cold sometimes D. Some medicine can help you cure the cold much more quickly( ) 9. When you have a cold, youd better not .A. drink much water B. have more sleepC. drink the juice of lemons D. do much exercise( ) 10. What can we learn from the text?A. some of the plants are medicine themselvesB. We can cure the old age now.C. Every one of us lives much longer than our grandparentsD. All the medicines are made from chemicals in the plants Unit 5 Period Three Reading (二)一、根据课文内容填空ORBIS is a c . The ORBIS plane t around the world. It is a new hope for b people. And they can be c without money. Doctors perform o on them to help them to see again. So they are always g to the doctors. The doctors also use the plane as a teaching c .