正式和非正式英语的一些表达形式.doc

正式和非正式英语的一些表达形式赵宝斌 语言是交际的工具，为了达到更好的交际目的，人们根据情景和交际的目的选择不同的文体。正式语言和非正式语言的运用是交际中重要的文体形式。在英语中正式英语用于比较严肃的场合，而非正式的英语用于比较随便的场合。下面是一些正式英语和非正式英语的形式。1.状语1)时间，原因和条件状语可以用非谓语动词的形式，也可以用状语从句的形式，一般的说，非谓语动词形式比状语从句形式正式。Being(Ashewas)afarmer,hehadtogetupearly.Weatherpermitting(Ifweatherpermits),weshallgo.2)方式和程度状语可用介词短语，也可以用副词表示，一般说，介词短语比副词正式。Hespokeinaconfidentway/withcon-fidence.(confidently)3)英语中用一些副词有两种形式，一种是-ly形式，一种是同形容词的形式相同，一般说，前者比后者正式。Hereadloudly(loud).Iguessedrightly(right).4)让步状语从句how(who,when,what)ever的形式比nomatterhow(who,when,what)的形式正式。Whoever(Nomatterwho)heis,Iwont seehim.2.代词I.关系代词1)定语从句中作宾语的关系词 “Whom”比“who”正式。Whom(Who)areyouwaitingfor?Heisthepersonwhom(who)Imettheotherday.2)在定语从句中作主语和宾语的关系词 “Who,whom”and“which”比“that” 正式。Heisthepersonwho(that)iswell-knownhere.Thisisthebookwhich(that)Iboughtyesterday.Iknowthepersonwhom(that)youspoketo.3)指时间和地点的从句“Prep+which”比“when”and“where”从句正式。Thisistheplaceinwhich(where)Iworked.Thatisthedayonwhich(when)Icame.II.人称代词1)通常在比较级中主格比宾格正式。HeistallerthanI(me).Whoisthere?ItisI.(me)2)在动名词前，所属格比主格正式。Doyoumindmy(me)smoking?3)单数人称代词比复数正式。Everyoneshoulddohis(their)duty.Giveme(us)akiss,darling.Everyonethinksheknows(theyknow)theanswer.4)指作者本人用“We”比“I”正式。Aswe(I)showeditisnotaneasyquestion.5)泛指人时， “one”比“you”正式。One(You)neverknowswhatmayhappen.6)在复合句中，主句和从句中的主语出现名词和代词时，主句中用名词比用人称代词正式。Theplanetookoffassoonasithadrefueled.(Ittookoffassoonastheplanehadrefueled.)III.指示代词1)当 “This”和“that”都是后指时， that比this正式。That(This)iswhatIthought.2)that/those作为先行词比名词正式。Thoseflowersarebetterthanthosewhich(theflowers)weplantedlastyear.3.主谓一致1)单数比复数正式。None/ Neitherofthemhas(have)arrivedyet.2)复数比单数正式。IfIwere(was)youIwoulddothat.Neitherhiswifenorhischildhave(has)arrived.Thereare(is)hundredsofpeopleoutside.3)和kind连用的名词单数比复数正。Thiskindofdog(Thesekindsofdogsare)iseasytotrain.Ilikemostkindofcat(cats).4.倒装句比不倒装句正式。HadIknownit(IfIhadknownit)Iwouldhavetoldyou.HardlyhaveIseenthis.(Ihavehardlyseenthis.)Undernocircumstancesmustthedoorbeleftunlocked.(Thedoormustbeleftunlockedundernocircumstances.)Mostoftheproblemsacomputercouldsolveeasily.(Acomputercouldsolvemostoftheproblemseasily.)5.不省略的形式比省略的形式正式。Iknowthatheisafamouswriter.HeisapersonwhomIhaveknownforseveralyears.Ispentalltheweekinwritingmypaper.Isawheronthedayafterherbirth-day.WearegoingtovisitChinainthefollowingspring.Youcanborrowmypenifyouwanttoborrow.Hesuggestedthatweshouldcomeearly.6.介词前提比介词结尾的句子正式。Heisapersononwhomwecanrely(whomwecanrelyon).Withwhatdidhewriteit?(Whatdidhewriteitwith?)7.情态动词1)用于请求时， “May”比“can”正式。May(Can)Iuseyourbike?2)用于请求时， “Would”和“Could”比“will”和“can”正式。Would/Could(Will/Can)youliketogiveaspeech?8.泛指时定冠词比名词复数正式。Thehorseisaveryusefulanimal.(Horsesareveryusefulanimals.)9.从句比不定式的形式正式。Itisimportantthatweshoulddoit(forustodoit).Itseemsthatheisateacher.(Heseemstobeateacher.)10.其它的一些句子1)Ifyoucomeearly,youwillseehim.(Comeearlyandyouwillseehim.)2)Ishalltryanddoit.(Ishalltrytodoit.)3)Heissoyoungthathecannotdresshimself.(Heistooyoungtodresshimself.)4)Itissobeautifulacity.(Itissuchabeautifulcity.)5)Haventyouheardthenews?(Haveyounotheardthenews?)6)Tomysurprise,Ihearthenews.(Imsurprisedtohearthenews.)7)WestartforBeijingtonight.(WearestartingforBeijingtonight.)8)Tobeginwith,(First)wemustconsiderthisthoroughly.9)Igotoseemyoldfriendoccasionally(nowandthen).10)Iamhence(therefore)unabletohelpyou.11)Bytheway,(Incidentally)doyouknowsomethingaboutthis?12)Iwasillso(therefore)Icouldnotcome.13)Hespokeloudlyinorderthat(sothat)everyonecouldhearhim.14)Youshouldworkhardeventhough(evenif)youhavemadegreatprogress.15)Theyaskedmewhether(if)theywouldcome.16)Hestillworkshardalthough(though)heisold.17)Hetookhisumbrellalest(forfearthat)itshouldrain.18)Dontcomeotherwise(or)Ishallfire.19)Hefailedtogothereonaccountof(becauseof)therain.20)Heworksharddespite(inspiteof)hisoldage.21)Inmyopinion(Ithink)heisnotcorrect.22)Hegotupearlyinorderto(soasto)havemoretimetostudy.23)Hewentthereonceper(a)day.24)Many(lotsof)peoplegetmuch(alotof)p