Test 5 词汇与结构.doc

Test 51 主谓一致 【1】当the rest, the last, all, most, half, none等作主语时，谓语动词形式取决于其所代表的名词：如所指为复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；如所指为单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。关于主谓一致，参见P8.2时间If从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式过去Had doneWould/should/could/might +have done现在Did/wereWould/should/could/might +do将来Did/were to/should doWould/should/could/might +do5 动名词的逻辑主语；某些动词后面接动名词admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, imagine, mind, miss, practice, postpone, quit, resist, risk, suggest, quit, enjoy, finish.(如考到后两词，那属于弱智题，这类弱智题曾在03p5345、46、51出现过)。Deserve, need, require, want以及形容词worth后接动名词，但主动形式表示被动意义。Be accustomed to, be used to, devote to, dedicate to, look forward to, lead to, contribute to, object to, stick to, get down to, see to.这里的to 都是介词，后面只能接动名词。be busy, cannot help, confess to, give up, have trouble(in), have difficulty(in )07,38, it is no use/good07,367倒装 1 当句首为here, there, up, down, away, now等副词，谓语动词为be, go, come等时，主谓要完全倒装，但主语若是人称代词，则主谓不用倒装。Now comes your turn. Here he comes.2 否定词或带有否定意义的短语位于句首时，要倒装，如hardly, never, rarely, seldom, not onlybut also, at no time, no soonerthan，hardlywhen等。Little did he realize that he had made a serious mistake in the experiment.No sooner had he come into the room than the telephone rang.3 only+状语位于句首时，要倒装。Only in this way can we solve the problem.4 在so/suchthat结构中，so/such位于句首时，要倒装。So clear was the statement that it couldnt be misunderstood.5 as 引导的让步状语从句可用倒装表示强调。Young as he is, he is quite experienced in this work.Child as he is, he can speak English fluently.8 could have done 表示本来能够，习惯上没有can have done 这种表达法。May/might have done 表示对过去发生事件的推测，表示有可能。10 强调句句型。强调句的基本句型：it is/was +被强调的句子成分+that/who(注意强调人的时候，可以用who)+句子的其他成分。被强调的成分可以是除了谓语之外的任何成分。It was Doctor Smith that(who)gave us a lecture last week.It was last summer that my daughter learned to swim.It was in my bag that I found the book.注意主谓一致：it is I that am to present the program.注意不和it was so/such that 混淆11 conjure up犹如变魔术一般突然出现。Make for 走向，前进，有利于，移向，攻击，造成。Rest on sth 依据，根据 his fame rests more on his plays than on his novels.他的名声主要是靠戏剧，而不是小说。12 get across 被理解; come around= come away 脱落，来访，前来，苏醒，复原Go by 受指导，遵照 thats a good rule to go by.Make out 看出来，认出来，读出来I could just make out a figure in the darkness.13 tend to 走向，趋向tend 照料，看护Incline to 倾向于，赞同he inclined to laziness.14 pull through/round 康复，复原 pull up 使车辆停止；pull out （火车）离站，离开，不愿做15 than what what 省略16 confess 坦白，忏悔；confirm 证实，确认 affirm断言；confuse 困惑，难以理解；confine 把限制于。17 persist in doing sth 坚持不懈做 insist坚持某种主张。Resist 后接动名词18 glamour 魅力，魔力，迷人的力量19 confirm 证实，证明；批准、确认（权力、职位）19 diminish 减少，降低，削弱。Withdraw 收回，取回，提取，撤出，撤回21 or rather 倒不如说，或者更确切地说，即，就是 by and large 大体上，总的说来22 out of place 不在适当的地方；不合适的 live beyond ones means 生活超出范围； at ones leisure 在闲暇的时候 around the clock 夜以继日地，昼夜不停地23 in view of 鉴于，考虑到with a view to 为了，为的是vision 想象力，幻想，幻觉；insight 洞察力，洞悉，深刻的见解24 attitude 态度；altitude 海拔，高度；latitude纬度；aptitude 资质，才能，天资26 arise arouse rise raise arise: 产生，出现，发生。强调事物产生的结果，主要用于问题、困难等不好的事情的产生、发生、出现，不及物动词。 arouse: 唤醒，引起，激起，指激起唤起某人的情感，常接anger, curiosity, fear, interest, sympathy, suspicion等体现感情、情绪、心理、态度之类的词。 rise: 升起，上升，上涨，不及物动词。 raise: 举起，提高，及物动词。 28 give away 泄漏秘密 give out 分发；give off 发出（蒸汽或光等）Give over 非正式用语，停止做某事31 advance 提升，推进，提出； conceive 构