环境专业英语常用词汇.doc

推荐的环境专业英语常用词汇环境问题Environmental problems / issues污染防治pollution prevention / prevention and control of pollution环境空气ambient air 环境化学environmental chemistry大气污染控制atmospheric/air pollution control环境管理environmental management /supervision 环境破坏-environmental disruptions 环境意识-Environmental awareness持久性有机污染物（POPs）persistent organic pollutants 废物资源化resource reuse of wastes /waste reuse源头控制-source control再生资源regenerated resource水传染疾病waterborne disease环境监测environmental monitoring /supervision水污染控制water pollution control 固废处置solid waste disposal 环境影响评价environmental impact assessment环境规划environmental planning 一次大气污染物 Primary air pollutant 二次大气污染物 secondary air pollutant 农药pesticide/agricultural chemicals(including: pesticide, germicide, herbicide)化肥chemical fertilizer 添加剂additive/additive agent 环境分析Environmental analysis 定量分析quantitative analysis常量分析-macro analysis环境毒理学Environmental toxicology生物量biomass生物有效性bioavailability 采样sampling /sample collection精密度-Precision 精确度-accuracy 灵敏度sensitivity吸附adsorb/adsorption 一次大气污染物-Primary air pollutant 氮氧化物- Nitrogen oxide,NO Nitric oxide /nitrogen monoxide NO2 nitrogen dioxide N2O nitrous oxide 硫氧化物 sulfur oxideSO2 sulfur dioxideSO3 sulfur trioxide正常浓度normal concentration临界浓度- critical concentration排放标准discharge standard达标排放-meet-standard discharge公共处理厂-publicly owned treatment works沉淀池-sedimentation pond零排放-zero discharge臭氧层破坏-destruction of ozone layer光化学氧化物photochemical oxidant 风化wind erosion/weathering 汽车尾气automobile exhaust 温室效应greenhouse effect氯代烃Chlorohydrocarbons流出液effluent/ runoff地表径流surface runoff机械洗涤器mechanical scrubber焚化炉-incinerator生物过滤器biofilter 生物降解 biodegradation 可生物降解的 biodegradable生物降解性biodegradability好氧生物降解 aerobic biodegradation 厌氧生物降解 Anaerobic biodegradation 难降解有机物 Refractory organics 挥发性有机物/VOCvolatile organic compounds 环境媒介Environmental media处理设施-Treatment facilities 生活污水 domestic sewage/domestic sewage sedimentation -沉淀 precipitate -沉降 turbidity-浊度 悬浮固体suspended solid矿山废渣/尾矿-mine tailings面源surface source连续源-consecutive 间断源 - intermittent sources 土壤侵蚀-soil erosion 土地填埋landfilling/landfill土地处置-Land disposal 粪便大肠菌-fecal coliform 水生生物-aquatic life 活性污泥-Activated sludge 氧化沟-Oxidation ditches 有害废物Hazardous waste化学混凝Chemical coagulation混凝剂 coagulant 絮凝flocculation 絮凝剂flocculant 表面活性剂-surface active agent /surfactant消毒- Disinfection 杀菌- Sterilization 反渗透- Reverse osmosis 有机废物organic wastes 合成塑料synthetic plastic 定性分析qualitative analysis 痕量分析trace analysis环境效应-Environmental effect环境影响environmental impact物种Species样品sampleMatrix material 基体物质/材料 interactive effect 交叉效应/相互影响真实时间real time 样品预处理pretreatment of sample 曲线拟合curve fitting 分析评价analytical evaluation 物理分离physical separation 因次图dimension graph标准方差standard variance 标准偏差standard deviationAir stagnation-大气停滞 除草剂 herbicide 严重污染的severity polluted/heavily polluted 放射线物质radioactive substance 温室气体greenhouse gas出口outlet流入液-inffluent多管旋风分离器the multitube cyclone合成纤维synthetic fibre捕集效率collecting efficiency实验室小试Laboratory scale experiment中试 Pilot scale test 工业规模生产Full-scale /industrial scale production尾气off-gas/vent gas土壤床soil bed 易生物降解的biodegradableAPCair pollution control操作成本Operation cost 生物降解能力Biodegradation capacity生物技术Biological technologies无机污染物Inorganic pollutants点源point source合成有机化合物-synthetic organic compound食品加工-food processing 蒸发和冷凝-evaporation and condensation 脱水-dewatering/dehydration 格栅过滤Screening 声压级-sound pressure level可再生资源 Renewable resources 可持续发展 Sustainable development 达标排放-meet-standard discharge全球变暖 Global warming 好氧堆肥 Aerobic composting 气浮 Air stripping 曝气 aeration富营养化 Eutrophication 生活垃圾- Domestic garbage,食品废物-food rubbish颗粒物(PM)- Particulate matter，卫生土地填埋-Sanitary landfill，物理性污染控制-physical pollution control 噪声污染noise pollution光污染light pollution热污染thermal pollution放射性污染radioactive pollution电磁污染-electromagnetic pollution事故排放 accidental discharge事故性泄漏 accidental spill 酸雨 acid rain 酸沉降 acid precipitation acid fallout 酸性沉降物acid deposit(ion) 酸性沉积物酸雾 acid fog/acid mist产酸细菌 acid-producing bacteria /acidogenic bacteria 生物圈 Biosphere生物的 biotic非生物的 abiotic生物界 Biospheric society生物圈污染 biospheric contamination造林; 绿化 afforestation 毁林, 采伐森林 deforestationairborne contaminant 气载污染物airborne emissions 空气中的排放物airborne particulates 空气中的微粒; 气载微粒airborne pollutant concentration 气载污染物浓度algal bloom 水华; 藻华; 藻类大量繁殖ambient air 环境大气; 环境空气ambient quality standard 环境质量标准anti-desertification 防止沙漠化 aquatic biota 水生生物区系; 水生生物群aquatic food web 水生食物链Arctic Cycle 北极圈Arctic ozone hole 北极臭氧层空洞atmospheric acidity 大气酸度atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) 大气边界层atmospheric layer 大气层atmospheric inversion 大气逆温autotrophic 自养的autotroph 自养生物autophyte 自养植物background measurement 本底测量background concentration 本底污染浓度ecological balance of nature 自然生态平衡bioaccumulation 生物累积bioassay 生物测定; 活体检定biocenose 生物群落biodiversity 生物多样性biodegradation rate 生物降解速率biomagnification 生物富集boundary layer 边界层bottom-living fish 底栖鱼类buffer solution 缓冲溶液buffer(ing) capacity 缓冲能力; 缓冲容量calibration 校准calibrated fluxes 校准流量; 校准通量catalysis 催化作用catalyst 催化剂catchment 汇水; 集水cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换能力cation exchanger 阳离子交换剂; 阳离子交换器anion exchange capacity 阴离子交换能力charges on water pollution 水污染费chemical intermediate 化学中间体，化学半成品cleaner technologies 清洁技术; 净化技术cleaner production 清洁生产climate model 气候模型climate modeling 建立气候模型climate indicator 气候指示物Conference on Environment and Development 环境与发展会议compulsory measures 强制性措施cost-benefit analysis 成本效益分析cost-effective 成本效率高的; 效率高成本低的danger label 危险标记; 危险标志danger threshold 危险阈; 安全限值Declaration on the Human Environment 人类环境宣言deep injection (of wastes) 废物的深灌注deleterious effect 毒害身心的作用deleterious gas 有害气体depletable resource 可耗尽的资源; 有限的资源depletion of (the) ozone (layer) 消耗臭氧层; 破坏臭氧层depletion of soil 土壤流失desertification control 沙漠化控制desulphurisation 脱硫作用detention time 滞留时间discharge 排出; 排放 排出物; 排放物; discharge into the environment 排入环境中discharge standard 排放标准discharge monitoring 排放监测discharge permit 排放许可discharge pipe 排水管discharge point 排放点disposal site 废物处理场; 垃圾倾置场dissemination in the air 在空气中散播 dissociation constant 离解常数dissolved air flotation 溶气浮选法dissolved oxygen (DO) 溶解氧dose-effective curve 剂量效应曲线dose-response relationship 剂量-反应关系downwind source of pollution 顺风污染源dust discharge 排尘; 粉尘排放dust load 含尘量; 尘埃浓度dust separator 除尘器assay 化验; 鉴定; 测定ebb tide 落潮; 退潮ecological 生态的; 生态学的ecological balance 生态平衡ecological damage 生态破坏ecological disruption 生态失调; 生态破坏ecological remediation 生态修复ecological rehabilitation 生态复原ecological security 生态安全eco-mark 生态标记economic feasibility 经济可行性economically feasible 经济上可行的ecosphere 生态圈ecosystem 生态系统; 生态系effluent 流出物; 废液; 污水effluent charge 排污费; 排污税effluent discharge 排放废物; 排出废液effluent fee 排污费; 排污税effluent standard 排放标准EIA 环境影响的评价electrodialysis 电渗析electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 静电除尘器emergency action 应急行动emergency plan 应急计划emission certification 排放许可证emission concentration 排放浓度emission load 排放量emission performance 排放特性emission point 排放点emission rate 排放速度emission requirement 排放规格emission rights 排放权emission standard 排放标准emission status 排放状况emission strength 排放浓度emission trading 排放权贸易; 排放许可贸易endangered species 濒于灭绝的物种end-of-line technology 最后技术end-of-pipe technology 最后技术energy alternative 替代能源energy conservation 节用能源; 节能enhancement of monitoring 加强监测environment impairment liability 环境损害责任environment protection 环境保护; 环保 environmental conservationenvironmental appraisal 环境鉴定environmental assessment 环境评价environmental awareness 环境意识 environmental consciousnessenvironmental behavior 环境行为environmental capacity 环境容量environmental damage 环境损害; 破坏环境environmental standard （对环境有益的)环境标准environmental criteria (对环境有害物质的)环境标准environmental degradation 环境退化environmental deterioration 环境恶化environmental disaster 环境灾难environmental disorder 环境失调; 环境混乱environmental dispute 环境争论; 环境纠纷environmental enhancement 环境改善; environmental ethics 环境伦理学; 环境道德environmental exposure/risk 环境暴露/风险environmental forecasting 环境预报environmental hazard 环境公害environmental health 环境卫生environmental impact assessment (EIA) 环境影响的评价environmental impact statement (EIS) 环境影响的报告environmental law 环境法environmental nuisance 环境公害environmental policy 环境政策environmental quality 环境质量environmental quality standard 环境质量标准environmental safety 环境安全environmental safety assessment 环境安全评价environmental sanitation 环境卫生environmental stress 环境压力environmental threat 环境威胁environmentalist 环境学家; 环境工作者; 环境专家environmentally conscious 有环境意识的environmentally friendly 不损害环境的; 关心环境的environmentally harmful 对环境有害的environmentally hazardous 对环境有害的; 危害环境的environmentally hazardous developments 对环境有害的发展environmentally safe 对环境安全的environmentally safe product 对环境安全的产品environmentally sensitive area 环境敏感地区environmentally sound product 环境无害产品environmentally sound technology 环境无害的技术feed 给料; 进料feedlot 饲养圈; 饲养场feedback 反馈; 回授field crop 大田作物fixed-bed catalyst 固定床催化剂flammable liquids 可燃液体; 易燃液体floc 絮凝物; 絮状沈淀flocculation 絮凝作用; 结絮作用flood control system 防洪系统;flow rate 流量flow meter 流量计flow control 流量控制; 水流控制flue (gas) dust 烟道尘; 烟尘flue gas 烟道气flue gas desulphurization 烟道气脱硫fluidized bed combustion (FBC) 流化床燃烧法fluidized bed combustor 流化床燃烧装置fluorination 氟化作用fluorinated hydrocarbon 氟化碳氢化合物fly ash 飞尘; 飞灰flushing 冲洗foaming 发泡 foam blowingfoaming agent 发泡剂foamed plastic 泡沫塑料foamed polyurethane 聚氨酯泡沫塑料food safety 食品安全性; food intake 食物摄取量; 食物摄入量food poisoning 食物中毒follow-up testing 后续试验forest decay 森林退化; forest deterioration 森林破坏;Framework Convention on the Conservation of Climate 保护气候框架公约Framework Convention on the Conservation of Bio-Diversity 保护生物多样性框架公约free radical 游离基; 自由基freeze-dry 冷冻干燥法Freon 氟利昂freshwater 淡水; 淡水的melting point /m.p. 熔点boiling point /b.p. 沸点flushing point /f.p. 闪点dew point /d.p. 露点frost point /f.p. 霜点garbage 厨房垃圾; 食物废物 gas chromatography 气相色谱法gas scrubber 气体洗涤器gas-borne particles 悬浮气体中的微粒 gas-liquid (partition) chromatography 气液分配色谱法gas-solid chromatography (GSC) 气固色谱法; 气相吸附色谱法gene pool 基因库glass (fibre) reinforced plastic (GRP) 玻璃纤维增强塑料global climate change 全球气候变化Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) 全球大气监视网stratosphere 平流层toposphere 对流层household waste 家庭垃圾; 生活垃圾humic acid 腐殖酸humus(-rich) layer 腐殖质层; 富腐殖质层hydrated lime 熟石灰hydration 水合作用hydraulic conductivity 导水率; 导水性; 渗透系数hydraulic gradient 水力坡降; 水力比降; 水力坡度hydraulic head 压力水头hydrogen chloride (HCl) 氯化氢; 氢氯酸; 盐酸hydrochloric acidhydrogen dioxide 过氧化氢hydrogen peroxidehydrosphere 水圈;IC50 半抑制浓度immune suppression 免疫抑制impaction separator 惯性分离器impingement collector 冲击式收集器impingement separator 冲击式分离器impoundment 蓄水; 积水improved technologies 改进过的技术indicator 指示剂indiscriminate use of chemicals 滥用化学品indoor (air) pollutant 室内空气污染物indoor air quality standard 室内空气质量标准indoor air ventilation 室内通风infiltration 渗入; 渗透; 渗滤infiltration rate 渗透速率; 渗滤速率inflow of air 空气的流入; 进气inflow pipe 进气管; 进水管; 流入管influx of air 空气的流入; 进气initiator 引发剂;in-plant atmosphere 厂内空气intake port 进气口; 进气道integrated environmental controls 综合环境控制international climate convention 国际气候公约ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) 离子交换色谱法ion-exchange resin 离子交换树脂ionization constant 电离常数ion-selective electrodes 离子选择电极land erosion土地侵蚀landfill (site) 填地; 垃圾填埋地; 填埋landfill dumping 土地倾弃landscaped area 风景区landscape conservation 保护风景; 保护景观landscape protected area 风景保护区landscape renovation 景观改造地landscape restoration 景观恢复; lethal concentration (LC) 致死浓度lethal concentration low (LC LO) 最低致死浓度lethal dose (LD) 致死剂量lethal time 致死时间LC50 半致死浓度leachate 沥滤液license to discharge 排放许可证;life cycle 生活周期; 生活史life cycle management (of products) 产品从出厂到最后消费的管理litter bin 垃圾桶; 垃圾箱litter collection 垃圾收集littering 乱丢垃圾marine disposal (of hazardous wastes) 危险废物的海洋处理marine incineration 海上焚化; 海上焚烧environmental monitoring station 环境监测站municipal solid waste (MSW) 城市固态废物natural purification 自然净化作用; 自净neutralizer 中和剂nitrobacteria 硝化细菌noise pollution 噪声污染noise pollution level (NPL) 噪声污染级noise screen 噪声屏蔽point source 点源non-point source 非点源non-waste technology (NWT) 无废技术nuisance 公害; 损害nutrient (material) 营养物质; 养料; 养分offensive odour 恶臭; 令人不愉快的气味odorant 香料; 香味剂; 气味剂off-gases 废气; 尾气off-odour 气味不对; 异味; 臭味;off-road vehicle (ORV) 越野车辆oil slick 浮油; 油膜oil spill 漏油; 石油漏出oil retention barrier 拦油栅on-scene 当场; 发生事情的地点on-shore wind 向岸风; 离海风on-site 现场; 就地on-site processing 就地处理open burning 露天焚烧open dump 露天垃圾场open dumping 露天倾弃open water 地表水; 开阔水面organic content of soils 土壤的有机物含量organic farming 有机耕作; 有机农作outfall 下水道污水排出口outfall concentration 污水排出口浓度outflow 外流; 流出; 流出物outlet 出口; 出水口; 排水口outside air 户外空气; 室外空气overcropping 耕种过度; 过度种植overcultivation 耕种过度; 过度种植overcutting 砍伐过度overfertilization 过度施肥overflow 溢流overflow filter 溢流滤池; 溢流滤器overgrazing 过度放牧overland flow 地表径流 surface runoffoxidation pond 氧化塘oxygen depletion 缺氧; 氧气耗竭oxygen-consuming capacity 耗氧能力ozone depletion 臭氧消耗; 臭氧枯竭packed tower 填充塔; 填料塔PAH 多环芳烃Panel for Economic Assessment 经济评估小组Panel for Environmental Assessment 环境评估小组particle-size distribution 颗粒大小分布; 粒度分布particulate control 尘埃控制; 悬浮微粒控制particulate emission 微粒排放particulate loading(s) 微粒浓度; 微粒量particulate matter 微粒物质particulate pollutant 微粒污染物; 粒状污染物particulate precipitator 微粒沉淀器; 除尘器particulate trap 微粒收集器PBBs 多溴联苯PCBs 多氯联苯PE 聚乙烯PEL 容许曝露限度percolation 渗滤; 渗漏; 渗透performance of the adsorbent 吸附剂效率; 吸附剂性能period of drought 干旱时期permafrost 永冻层; 永久冻土permanent meadow 永久性草地; 永久性草原permanent waste storage 废物的永久性储藏permissible exposure limit (PEL) 容许曝露限度permit to discharge 排放许可证;peroxyacyl nitrates (PAN) 硝酸过氧酰酯pesticide 农药; 杀虫剂pesticide abuse 滥用农药; 滥用杀虫剂pH variation(s) pH 值变化;phenol compounds 酚类化合物photochemical pollution 光化学污染photochemical smog 光化学烟雾photodecomposition 光分解photodegradation 光致降解photodissociation 光致解离作用photosensitivity 光敏感性; 光敏性photosensitization 光敏化作用photosensitizer 光敏化剂; 光敏剂phytocide 除莠剂; 除草剂phytocoenosis 植物群落phytomass 植物生物量phytoplankton 浮游植物phytoplankton bloom 浮游植物大量繁殖; 水华; 藻华phytotoxic 植物毒性的; 对植物有毒的phytoplankton bloom 浮游植物大量繁殖; 水华; 藻华phytotoxic 植物毒性的; 对植物有毒的plasticizer 增塑剂plate filter 压滤器; 压滤机pollutant load 污染物负荷; 污染物浓度; 污染物含量pollutant reduction 减少污染物pollutant removal 去除污染物Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) 污染者付清理费原则pollution abatement 减轻污染pollution control 污染控制pollution control equipment 控制污染设备pollution control measures 污染控制措施pollution control policy 污染控制政策pollution incident 污染事故pollution level 污染水平pollution load 污染负荷pollution permit 污染许可证pollution reduction 减轻污染; 减少污染pollution rent 污染权利转让ppm 百万分之一ppb 十亿分之一ppt (parts per trillion) 万亿分之一precursor 化学前体precursor pollutant 前体污染物predictable pattern 可预测的模式; 特性preliminary study 初步研究preparation 制备; 制剂; 准备pretreatment 预处理; 前处理primary standard 一级标准priority chemical 首要化学品; 优先化学品priority ecosystems 首要生态系统; 优先生态系统process flows 工艺流程processing 加工; 处理; 操作product identification number (PIN) 产品编号pulverization 粉碎; 研磨pulverizer 粉磨机pumping station 泵站quality assurance 质量保证quality objectives 质量目标; 质量标准quality standards 质量标准quarry 采石场; 石矿quarrying 采石radiation accident 放射性事故radiation damage 辐射线损伤radiation level 辐射水平; 辐射强度rain recorder 雨量记录器rain sampler 雨水取样器; 降水收集器rare earth metals 稀土金属rate of discharge 排放速率; 倾卸速度rate of emission 排放速率rating 校准; 定标raw refuse 未经任何处理的垃圾; 原始垃圾raw sewage 原污水; 未经任何处理的污水re-affoestation 重新造林; 再造林reagent 反应物; 试剂reawaking (of a volcano) 火山的复活recapture of CFCs 含氯氟烃的回收receiving area 承受面积receiving waters 承受水体; 承受水域reclaim 土地的开垦; 改良; 回收reclaimable waste 可再利用废物; 可回收废物red tide 红潮; 赤潮redox potential 氧化还原电势; 氧化还原电位势reducing agent 还原剂reductant 还原剂reduction at source 在源头减少污染reductor 稀释剂; 冲淡剂re-engineering 再设计; 改建refining 净化; 精炼; 使成熟regenerative capacity 再生能力removal efficiency 去除效率removal of demolition waste 清理废墟removal of pollutants 消除污染物; 去除污染物repair the ozone hole 修复臭氧层空洞repopulation 再放养; 再引种; 种群恢复reporting format 报告格式reporting framework 报告格式repugnant substance 恶臭物质residence time 停留时间; 阻滞时间residence half-time 停留半衰期; 半存留期residual 残留物; 残积物resolution 分辨率resource recovery 资源回收respirable suspended particulates (RSPs) 可呼入悬浮微粒retention time 停留时间; 阻滞时间retrofit 改装; 改型retrofit technology 改装技术risk analysis 风险分析risk label 危险标记; 危险标志risk management 风险管理rotating biological contactor (RBC) 生物转盘rotating contactor 生物转盘rotating fluidized bed combustion 旋转式流化床燃烧run(-)off 径流; 径流量; 流失runoff from feedlots 从施用场所的流失safeguards for the environment 保障环境措施safety and health 安全和健康safety level 安全水平safety requirements 安全要求; 安全规格salinification 盐化作用; 盐渍化salinity 含盐量; 盐浓度; 咸度salting-out 盐析; 加盐分离sampler 取样器; 采样器sampling 取样; 采样sampling of a stack 烟囱口取样sampling site 取样点; 采样地sampling tube 取样管; 采样管sandstorm 沙暴; 沙漠风暴sandy soil