（湖北专版）高考英语大二轮 增分精品专题复习试题 “戴着面纱”的“事实”型细节理解题（含调研真题含解析）.doc

第六讲“戴着面纱”的“事实”型细节理解题test 1(2013湖北省部分重点中学高三下学期联考)“plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere，but changes in temperature，humidity and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide，” said researchers from the national university of singapore.45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past.the researchers point out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats，caused by climate change，are possible reasons for the shrinking of creatures.“we do not yet know the exact mechanisms involved，or why some organisms are getting smaller while others are unaffected，” the researchers said.“until we understand more，we could be risking negative consequences that we cant yet quantify.”the change was big in coldblooded animals.only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles (爬行动物) smaller.an increase of only 1 caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism (新陈代谢)greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards.fish are smaller now too.though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers，experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth.there is a recent report on warmer temperatures negative effects on plankton (浮游生物)，the base of the marine ecosystem.warmblooded animals werent immune from the size change caused by climate change.many birds are now smaller；mammals have been miniaturized too.soay sheep are thinner.red deer are weaker.and polar bears are smaller，compared with historical records.this isnt the first time this has happened in earths history.55 million years ago，a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees，spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years.that event happened over a longer time than the current climate change.the speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough，especially those with long generation times.so，it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in the future.语篇解读研究人员发现气候变暖导致地球上许多生物个体变小。1which of the following would be the best title for the passage?awhy do some species become smaller?bhow does climate change in earths history?cclimate change has many negative effectsdspecies become smaller as climate warms解析：考查主旨大意。全文主要说明了气候变暖导致许多生物个体变小这一现象，因此d项最适合作本文标题。答案：d2the underlined word “trumped” in the first paragraph can be replaced by “_”aincreased bbeatencstrengthened dequaled解析：考查词义猜测。根据句中的but可知，画线词所在部分与画线词前面的内容“大气中二氧化碳的增加将使生物个体变大”是转折关系，从而可以推测气温、湿度、营养等的变化对生物的影响战胜了二氧化碳增加的好处，即实际上生物个体变小了。答案：b3researchers from the national university of singapore believe that_.ahow climate change affects animals sizes has not been found clearlyball the animals on the earth have become smallerctoo many studies on animals sizes have been donedclimate change has more negative effects on warmblooded animals解析：考查细节理解。第三段研究人员提到“we do not yet know the exact mechanisms involved”，其中“the exact mechanisms”指的是气候变暖影响生物个体大小的确切原理，因此a项正确。答案：a4what can we learn from the passage?aclimate change has even affected plankton negatively.bbirds have suffered more from climate change than fish.ccoldblooded animals become smaller because of the lack of food.dthe warming event has never happened in earths history before.解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段最后一句“there is a recent report on warmer temperatures negative effects on plankton (浮游生物)，the base of the marine ecosystem.”可知，气候变化已对浮游生物产生了有害影响。 答案：atest 2(2013湖北省武汉市名校高三第二次调研测试)at times my mom has been uncomfortable seeing these qualities in me.for example，when i was 12，i went to puerto rico all by myself to stay with my grandmother for the summer.my mom was extremely nervous about it.she kept telling me how things were different in puerto rico，to always put on sunscreen，not to wander away from my grandmother，and other warnings.she helped me pack and did not leave the airport until she saw my plane take off.but despite her worries，she let me go on my own.as i moved into my teens，she continued to give me space to grow and learn，even when it might have been difficult for her.when i reached my senior year，i decided to move away for college.once again i found that i differed from my peers：while many of them wanted to stay close to home，i couldnt wait to be out in the world on my own.while my mom may not have been happy at the thought of my going away，she was supportive and excited for me.one big thing i realized during my senior year，as my mom granted me more freedom，was that she actually believes in me and trusts me.that means a lot.most of my life，and especially when i was little，the main person i tried to impress in my schoolwork or other things was my mother.i knew she expected nothing but the best from me.sometimes it was hard to live up to her standards；getting a single b on my report card would make me feel bad because i knew she wanted me to have all as.i know that her high standards have helped me stay focused on whats important，like education，and made me who i am.i am thankful for her support and involvement in my life.most of all i respect her.she is the strongest woman i know and thats why i have turned out so strong and independent.语篇解读作者每一次做决定时，母亲都会给予信任和支持，使作者最终变得强大、独立。5when the author decided to go to puerto rico，his mother_.awanted to go with him bworried about his safetycdidnt allow him to do so dasked his grandmother for advice解析：考查细节理解。从文章第一段母亲的诸多叮嘱和警告可知，母亲为作者的安全担心。答案：b6the author decided to move away for college to_.abe different from his peersbkeep away from his mothercbe independent in the outside worlddmake his mother unhappy解析：考查细节理解。从文章第二段倒数第二句中的“i couldnt wait to be out in the world on my own”可知，作者是想在外独立。答案：c7we can learn from the third paragraph that the authors mother_.ahad a high expectation of himbwas too strict with himcused to expect nothing from himdcared little about his learning解析：考查细节理解。从文章第三段中的“i knew she expected nothing but the best from me.”可知，母亲对作者期望很高。答案：a8we can learn from the last paragraph that the author_.ais quite grateful for his mothers trustbstill doesnt quite understand his mothers attitudecdoesnt like his mothers involvement in his lifedwishes to have more freedom from his mother解析：考查推理判断。从文章最后一段最后三句话可知，作者对母亲给予自己的信任十分感激。答案：atest 3(2013湖北省黄石三校高三下学期调研测试)so heres the bad news for the 5.3 million new york city workers who depend on the subways to get from place to place：the entire system all 1,050 km and 468 stations of itis shut down，much of it flooded with corrosive (腐蚀性的) salt water.the metropolitan transit authority (mta) freely admits it has never faced anything like the severe damage from hurricane sandy，and has absolutely no idea when the system will be up and running.“well know it after everything is done，” says mta spokesman charles seaton.but the good news iswell，never mind.there isnt any.really，its that bad，and if theres no telling when things will be repaired，theres even less ways of knowing what the eventual price tag will be.yes，there are lessons to be learned from the current emergency for both new york itself and urban planners everywhere；the question is whether theyll be heeded.new yorks woes (难题) are partly a function.new yorks subway system is 108 years old.its tunnels and stations are located close to or under rivers and harbors，and water seepage (渗水) is unavoidable.“we have three pump trains,300 pump rooms and dozens of portable pumps around the system，” says seaton.“even on a day when theres no rain，we pump out 13 million gallons of water.”hurricane sandy，of course，put a lot more stress on the system than an ordinary rainless day.flood water in lower manhattan rose to 4.2 m，beating the record of 3 m set by hurricane donna in 1960.much of manhattan below 40th st.is without electricity.no subway system will ever be truly immune to weather events.this is especially so in great cities like new york，whose very greatness in part depends on their nearness to rivers，harbors and other bodies of water.but spending money on the citys basic transport system is perfectly possible，and indeed essential.that kind of preventive investment always seems too expensive at first，but only until youre suddenly faced with the much higher repair bills new york is dealing with today.and as oceans continue to warm and sea levels continue to rise，the problem is only getting worse.in the past 20 years，hurricanes andrew，floyd，katrina，rita，dean，irene，isaac and others have tried to remind us of that simple truth.now hurricane sandy is adding her voice.one of these days，we might actually listen.语篇解读本文是议论文。作者分析了飓风“桑迪”导致纽约地铁被淹的原因，并提出了建议。9what can we infer from para.1?athe subway system may start running soon.bthe whole subway system is flooded with corrosive salt water.cit is difficult to repair the new york subway syste