Earthquakes 第3课时 Language points in warming up and reading_导学案

Unit 4 Earthquakes第四课时Language points in warming up and reading1Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。【解释】 这句话中的looking for places to hide 是作ran out of the fields 的伴随状况，这是动词的现在分词形式的一个用法。现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。（1）现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。（2）现在分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。Many of us, being so excited, couldnt go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。（3）现在分词短语作结果状语。如：His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。（4）现在分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. 年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。（5）现在分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如：A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small. 一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。注：现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。（6）“with/without名词普通格或代词宾格现在分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。【练习】 中译英1）. 因为不知道怎么办，他不得不请求老师的帮助。_2）. 看到没有人在那，他就把灯关了。_2All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。【解释】All the students do not know how to deal with the problem. = Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 并非所有的学生都知道如何解决个问题。I dont know all of them. 我并不认识他们所有的人。表示“全体”意义的代词、副词或形容 “all, both, every, everybody, always” 等和否定副词not连用时表部分否定, 而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如：Everyone doesnt like the story. = Not everyone likes the story. 并非每个人都喜欢这个故事。Nobody likes the story. 没人喜欢这个故事。【练习】 中译英1）. 并非这两个学生都喜欢这个故事。_2）. 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。_3In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张的不想吃食。本句中的too nervous to eat 意为“太紧张而不能吃东西，表示否定意义。此用法的基本结构：too adj. / adv. to do ，表示“太而不能，太 而无法”可用notenough to 和so. that 句型改写。Eg. She is too short to reach the book. =she is not tall enough to reach the book. =she is so short that cant teach the book. 【点津】（1）当too adj. to do 结构中的形容词为anxious, easy ，eager, kind, glad, happy ready, willing, delighted 时, 该结构表示肯定意义。They were too anxious to leave. 他们急于离开（2）当too 前有only but all 等词是，only （but all）too 相当于very（3）若tooto. . 结构与否定副词not/never 连用，即not/never tooto 时，意为“无论都不过分”。I shall be only too pleased to get home . 我回到家里非常高兴。Its never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。4But the one million people of the city ，who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night . 但是这座城市的一百万居民几乎没有把这些情况当回事，那天晚上照常上床睡觉了。归纳：think little/ill/badly/poorly /nothing of 不在意 看轻think highly / much/well of 重视 高度评价【练习】I gave her some advice on how to learn English well, but she it. 我给他提了几条学好英语的建议，但他根本不理会。Everyone there seems to her哪儿的每个人似乎对她评价都很高。5Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. 成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。其中were left without parents 是一个被动结构其主动形式为：leave many children without parents，即leave宾语宾补。Eg 1Did you leave the window open?2His mother died ，leaving him an orphan . 3She left me waiting in the rain for an hour4They finished their dinner, leaving the dish untouched. 【练习】 Why did you go back to the shop? I left my friend there. Awaiting Bto wait Cwait Dwaits6Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the