7.高一英语(人教新课标)定语从句(1)教案!.doc

定语从句（1） 审稿：张敏 责编：白雪雁相关名词解释1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1）引导定语从句。2）代替先行词。3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系代词引导的定语从句1. who指人，在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩们来自一班。 (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公交车上谈论的那个人。(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 凌先生就是我想见的那个男孩。注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时通常可省略 which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是一种大多数男孩子喜欢的运动。(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的笔。如果在从句中做宾语，就用whom或who。比如: He is the man whom/who I talked to. 他是我刚才与之谈话的人。如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who。比如: He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那个有一本英语书的人。4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.来这个城市参观的人数每年增加一百万。(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 我今天上午看见的那个人在哪儿？5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语.whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有个父亲是医生的朋友。(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在一个屋顶塌陷的房子里。 whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. 门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。 (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗？(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗？关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 (2) The time when we got together finally came. 我们相聚的一天终于到来了。 注值得一提的是，表示时间“time”一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代 词，当然也不用that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. 你到伦敦的时候，我们已经在那待了俩星期了。 I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得第一次见她的时刻。 Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 每次出差，他都会带来很多日用品，比如毛巾，香皂，牙刷 等等。2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海市我出生的地方。 (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前居住过的房子已经被推倒了。 3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你错过航班的原因。 (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天为什么不高兴。 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear. 他为什么拒绝邀请原因不明。 (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. 从他要去上学的那一年开始他就开始明白他长大后要什么。 (3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born. 我出生的那个城市已经发生了很大变化。判断关系代词与关系副词方法一用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这就是我去年带过一段时间的山村。 Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永远忘不了和你在一起工作的日子。判断改错：（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 选D， 例2选 A。例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。附 注介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导。(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.他曾就读的那所学校非常有名。(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.（同上）(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.明天我将给你带来你要的那本杂志。(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.（同上）(5) Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.我们将去听我们经常谈论的那个著名歌手唱歌。 (6) Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.（同上）注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用 that；关系代词是所有格时用whose (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) (2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F) (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数 词 (1) He loved