优化方案（新课标全国卷Ⅰ）高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 题型专题突破 二 阅读理解 第五讲 篇章结构题强化训练.doc

篇章结构题a(2015湖南衡阳一联)there is an old chinese proverb that states “one generation plants the trees；another gets the shade”，and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters.the relationship between a mother and daughter is sometimes confusing.if close，the relationship can be similar to friendship.however，the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship.these characteristics include the hierarchy(等级) and unconditional love，which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.marina，27 years old，says，“i love spending time with my mom，but i wouldnt consider her my best friend.best friends dont pay for your wedding.best friends dont remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life！best friends dont tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.”this doesnt mean that the mother and daughter relationship cant be very close and satisfying.while some adult relationships are still troubled，many find them to be extremely rewarding.this generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common which increases the likelihood of shared companionship.mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers，responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions.today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of the workforce and technology，which may bring them even closer together.best friends may or may not continue to be best friends，but for better or worse，the mother and daughter relationship is permanent，even if they arent speaking for some unfortunate reasons.the mother and child relationship is still closer than any other.there is not an equal relationship.daughters should not feel responsible for their mothers emotional wellbeing.it isnt that they dont care deeply about their mothers.its just that they shouldnt be burdened with their mothers wellbeing.the mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other.mothers never stop being mothers，which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness.mother always “trumps” friends.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为，母女之间虽然有许多共同之处，她们的关系也可以很亲密，但不会成为最好的朋友，因为母女关系不同于朋友关系，它独具特点。友谊可以不再，但母女关系，无论好坏，都会永存下去。1the underlined word “preclude” in paragraph 1 probably means “_”adifferbpreventcbenefit dchange解析：选b。词义猜测题。根据第一段最后两句“however，the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship.these characteristics include the hierarchy(等级)and unconditional love，which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.”可知，母女关系的特性中包含的辈分差别所带来的不同程度的责任、义务以及无条件的爱使得她们不会成为最好的朋友。后一句是对前一句的解释，说明为何母女关系不同于朋友关系。由此可知，画线词“preclude”意为“妨碍”。故选b项，意为“妨碍，阻止”。a项意为“不同于”；c项意为“受益，有益于”；d项意为“改变，变化”，都不符合句意。2what do we know from the passage?athe mother and daughter relationship can be replaced by a best friend.ba mothers love brings her and her daughter a close friendship.cthe mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best friends friendship.dmarina has a troubled relationship with her mother.解析：选c。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“.a relationship that is not replaceable by any other.”可知，母女之情是不可替代的，故a项错误；根据第一段最后两句“however，the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship.these characteristics include the hierarchy(等级)and unconditional love，which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.”可知，由于母女关系的特性中包含的辈分差别所带来的不同程度的责任、义务和无条件的爱使得她们不会成为最好的朋友，故b项错误；根据第二段第一句中“i love spending time with my mom”可知，d项错误；根据第四段第一句“best friends may or may not continue to be best friends，but for better or worse，the mother and daughter relationship is permanent.”可知，友谊关系可以不再，但母女关系会永远存在下去。由此可知，c项正确，即母女关系超越了友谊。3the author proves his statements mainly by_alisting data bgiving explanationscquoting sayings dmaking examples解析：选b。写作手法题。通读全文可知，文章第一段是中心段，提出了作者的观点，即母女关系不同于友谊。第二段引用marina的观点说明这种不同性；第三至五段分别从母女关系中的共性因素、不同责任因素、母爱因素阐明了引起这种不同性的原因。故选b项，意为“解释说明”。a项意为“列数据”；c项意为“引用名言”，d项意为“举例子”，都不符合本文的写作方式。4what is the best title for the passage?ahow to be a good mother and daughterbwho is a mothers best friend?ca friend in need is a friend indeeddcan a mother be a daughters best friend?解析：选d。标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文属于议论文，第一段是中心段，提出了作者的观点，即母女关系不同于友谊关系。其余各段分别从不同角度论证了这个观点。因此答案选d项，与文章中心一致。a、b、c三项都不是文章的主要内容。b(2015南阳一中二模) canyouimaginehowharditwouldbetoreadsentenceslikethis？every one of us gets so used to punctuation marks that not many of us give them a second thought.actually，the ancient greeks wrote this way.the lack of punctuation marks probably didnt bother good readers，though.as they read，they just put pauses where they fit best.also at this time，sentences switched directions.a sentence read from left to right.the next one read right to left，and then left to right again，etc.the ancient romans sometimes punctuated like this：theyput somethingthatcanseparatewordsinasentence.the word punctuation actually comes from this idea and the latin word puncture，which means a dot.when the 5th century arrived，there were just two punctuation marks：spaces and points.the spaces separated words while the points showed pauses in reading.then in the 13th century，a printer named aldus manutius tried to standardize punctuation.he always used a period for a complete stop at the end of a sentence.he used a slash(/) to indicate a short pause.over time，that slash was shortened and curled，and it became the modern comma(逗号)since that time，other marks have enlarged the punctuation family.the exclamation mark(感叹号) comes from the latin word io.it means “exclamation of joy”the question mark originally started out as the latin word questio，meaning question.eventually，scholars put it at the end of a sentence to show a question.punctuation even keeps changing nowadays.new marks are coming into existence，and old punctuation marks are used in new ways.take for example the “interrobang”this 1962 invention combines the question mark and exclamation mark for times when writers want both.for example，“she did what？”or “how much did you pay for that dress？”obviously，the interrobang is not widely used or recognized yet，but its invention shows that english is not yet finished with its punctuation.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英文标点符号的起源和发展。5from the first paragraph，we can know that_agood readers had trouble reading without punctuation marksba sentence always read from left to right in ancient greececancient greeks switched the direction of punctuation marksdthe use of punctuation marks can date back to ancient times解析：选d。推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后两句“the ancient romans sometimes punctuated like this.the word punctuation actually comes from this idea and the latin word puncture，which means a dot.”可推知，标点符号的使用可以追溯到古代。故答案选d。6the passage is developed_aby time bby spacecby comparison dby importance解析：选a。篇章结构题。文章第二、三、四段开头第一句都与时间有关，由此可推知，本文是按照时间顺序来写的。故答案选a。7we can learn from the passage that_aancient romans didnt use any punctuation marks bexclamation and question marks came from latincspaces and slashes were already used before the 5th centurydaldus manutius first started to use commas解析：选b。细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二、四句可知，感叹号和问号都起源于拉丁语。故答案选b。8what can be concluded from the last paragraph?athe combination of two marks will not work.bit takes time for people to accept new punctuation marks.cold punctuation marks need to be standardized.dpunctuation marks are still changing today.解析：选d。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“punctuation even keeps changing nowadays.”和最后一句中的“but its invention shows that english is not yet finished with its punctuation”可知，英语中的标点符号至今还在继续变化。故答案选d。c(2015临沂模拟)you signed up for soccer, and played every game of the season.sure, youre not the best player on the team, but most days you gave it your all.do you deserve a trophy(奖杯)?if the decision is up to carol dweck, the answer would likely be no.shes a psychology professor at stanford university, california.she says a player doesnt have to be the best to get a trophy.but those who receive an award should have to work for it.she suggests trophies go to the most improved player，or the one who contributed most to the team spirit，as well as to those who play the best.“the trophy has to stand for something，”dweck told tfk.“if we give a trophy to everyone，then the award has no value.”dweck argues that giving kids trophies for particular reasons，such as improving in a sport，teaches kids that adults value hard work and trying our best.others say that theres no harm in giving awards to all kids who play a sport，regardless of how they played or whether or not they improved. “i think we should encourage kids participation in sports，” says kenneth barish, a psychology professor at weill cornell medical college, in new york city.“a trophy is one way to encourage kids efforts.”barish argues that when we single_out only the best or even the most improved players with a trophy, we are teaching kids the wrong lesson.we are sending the message that winning is everything.“winning is only part of the equation(等式)，” barish told tfk.“playing sports also teaches kids about teamwork and the importance of exercise.”there will be plenty of opportunity for kids to learn about competition as they get older, says barish.theyll soon realize that only one soccer team wins the world cup and only one football team wins the super bowl.for now, he thinks theres nothing wrong with letting all kids who play a sport feel like winners.that means trophies for everyone.【解题导语】如果孩子参加体育比赛，那么是不是每个人都该得到奖杯呢？文章就这个问题给出了两种不同的看法。9according to carol dweck, which player should receive a trophy?atony, the most a