24.直接引语和间接引语.doc

直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语(Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)的定义当我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；也可以用自己的话转述别人的意思，被转述的部分称为间接引语。间接引语多数构成宾语从句。直接引语变为间接引语时，须在时态以及代词、状语等方面作一些必要的调整。二、直接引语和间接引语的时态变化如主句的谓语动词为过去时态，间接引语中的谓语动词一般按下列规律变动：直接引语间接引语一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时一般将来时现在完成进行时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去完成进行时“Shes preparing her lessons,” I said. 我说：“她他正准备功课。”（直接引语）I said (that) she was preparing her lessons. 我说她正在准备功课。（间接引语）I said to them, “Hell get excited.” 我对他们说：“他会兴奋的。” （直接引语）I told them (that) he would get excited. 我告诉他们他会兴奋的。 （直接引语）She said to me，“Jane spent all her time doing that”他对我说：“简做那件事花了她全部时间。”（直接引语）He told me (that)Jane had spent all her time doing that.他告诉我简做那件事花了她全部时间。（间接引语）直接引语中的谓语动词为一般过去时，如与一个具体的表示过去时间（如 in 1992， last week等）连用，在变为间接引语时可以不变。如：My father said to me，“I read the book in 1986” 我父亲对我说：“我 1986年读了这本书。”（直接引语）My father told me he read the book in 1986 我父亲告诉我他于1986年读了这本书。（间接引语）三、直接引语和间接引语的代词的变化代词要根据句中的意义作相应的变动。直接引语间接引语I , memy, minehe (she)him (her)his (her), hershiswe, usour, oursthey, themtheir, theirsyouyour, yoursthey, themtheir, theirsthisthesethatthose如：“I havent brought my dictionary,” the student said.那学生说：“我没有带字典。”The student said (that) he hadnt brought his dictionary. 那学生说他没有带字典。注：this，these相应地改为that，those。四、直接引语和间接引语的状语的变化状语一般须做下列变动：直接引语间接引语herenowtodaytonightlast nightyesterdaylast week(month,etc.)three days agotomorrownext week(month, etc.)comebringtherethenyhat daythat nightthe night beforethe day beforethe week (month, etc.) beforethree days beforethe next (following) daythe next (following) week (month, etc.)gotake如：“Ill come and see you again this evening, Tom.” He said.他说：“汤姆，今天晚上我再来看你。”He told Tom (that)he would go and see him again that evening.他告诉汤姆那天晚上再来看他。在句子的意义不会引起误解的情况下，状语有时也可以不变。如：“Ill come here again today,” she said.她说：“我今天还要到这儿来。”She said( that) shed come here again today.她说她今天还要到这儿来。注：动词come可根据具体情况相应地改为go。五、直接引语为疑问句时的变化当直接引语是疑问句时，除注意在人称、时态和状语等方面作相应的变动外，还要注意：1间接引语中要用陈述句的句序；2特殊疑问句的疑问词要保留；3一般、选择或反意疑问句在间接引语前要加连词或She asked, “What is it? Whats going to happen now?”她问：“那是什么？又要发生什么事了？”She asked what it was and what was going to happen then.她问那是什么，又要发生什么事了。The boy was wondering, “How does the computer work?”那男孩感到奇怪：“电脑是怎样工作的？”The boy was wondering how the computer worked.那男孩对电脑是怎么工作的感到奇怪。“Why do you speak English so fluently?” I said to him.我对他说：“你为什么英语说得如此流利？”I asked him why he spoke English so fluently.我问他，他的英语为什么说得如此流利。“Is there anything wrong, Madam?” asked the policeman.警察问到：“夫人，出了什么事吗？”The policeman asked the woman whether (或if )there was anything wrong.警察问那个妇女是否了里什么事。He asked me, “Do you study English or French?”他问我：“你学的是英语还是法语？”He asked me whether I studied English or French.他问我学的是英语还是法语。“Its Mary, isnt?” asked Jane.简问到：“这是玛丽，是吗？”Jane asked whether it was Mary or not.简问那是不是玛丽。六、直接引语为祈使句时的变化当直接引语为祈使句时，主句中的谓语动词在变动时往往根据直接引语中的口气换用ask, invite, warn, tell, order等动词，而直接引语中的谓语动词则要变成动词不定式。如：“Please explain why youre two and a half hours late,” the boss said.老板说：“请解释一下你为什么迟到了两个半小时。”The boss asked him to explain why he was two and a half hours late.老板要他解释一下为什么迟到了两个半小时。“Dont give up!” Father shouted to him.父亲对他高声喊到：“不要泄气！”Father told him in a loud voice not to give up. 父亲大声喊着叫他不要泄气。“Get everything ready in half an hour.,” the teacher said to the students.老师对学生说：“半个小时内把一切准备好。”The teacher ordered the students to get everything ready in half an hour.老师命令学生在半个小时内把一切准备好。巩固练习一、把下列句子变成间接引语：1 We shal1 write to you this week，they said.2. My bicycle has been stolen, he said. I shall have to telephone the police. 3. John carne to China ten years ago, and has been living here ever since. he said.4. I dont need your help today,” Tom said.5. The book has been translated into several foreign languages, he said.6. I really dont think I can finish the work on time,” he said.7. Im going to the railway station to meet my uncle this afternoon, Jane said.8. “The earth turns around the sun,” the geography teacher said.二、把下列句子变成直接引语：1. The doctor told Mrs. Smith that her daughter would never be able to hear again.The doctor said to Mrs. Smith . 2. Mary told her mother that she needed a new coat to go with her skirt.Mary said to her mother .3. The postman told the lady that here was a parcel for her.The postman said to the lady, .4. My brother was told by a policeman that he could not leave his car there.A policeman said to my brother .5. My brother told the policeman that he was only leaving the car there for a few minutes.My brother said to the policeman, .6. Mary told her friend Rose that she couldnt go to see the movie with her because she had broken her glasses.Mary said to her friend Rose, .7. The doctor told the pati1en that she would have to wait till 3 p.m. the next day.The doctor said to the patient, .8. Tom told me he would be half an hour late for the meeting.Tom said to me, .三、把下列句子中的直接引语改为间接引语：1. The teacher asked. How many pages have you read today?2. Learn the dialogue by heart.” said the teacher.3. “Lets start at once. said the group leader.4. “Where are we to meet Joe? Betty asked.5. My mother asked me, Do you want to go to the Great Wall with me?6. I asked Li Ying, where and when were you born?”7. My brother ordered me. Go there at once.8. Did you come here by car or by train? he asked.四、选择：1. The teacher said: Dont be late, Mary”. The teacher told .A. Mary not to be late B. Mary to be not late C. Mary are not late D. not to be late2. He asked her, Where are you going?He asked her .A. where she were going B. where she was going toC. where she was going D. where she is going3. The lady said, I shall go there on time.The lady said that .A. she would come there on time B. she would come here on timeC. she would got here on time D. he would got here on time4. He said to me, I wrote to my father yesterday. ”He told me he had written to his father .A. the yesterday B. before today C. the day before D. the next day5. The teacher asked, Are you waiting for the bus? The teacher asked for the bus.A. if I was waiting B. was I waiting C. you are waiting D. I was waiting6. The professor said that light faster than sound.A. travels B. traveled C. travel D. traveled7. My mother asked me to show my homework to her.My mother said to me, Show homework.A. her my B. me your C. her your D. me his参考答案：一、1. They said that they would write to us that week. 2. He said that his bicycle had been stolen and he would have to telephone the police. 3. He said that John had come to China ten years before and had been living there ever since. 4. Tom said that he didnt need my help that day. 5. He said that the book had been trans1ated into several foreign languages. 6. He said that he really didnt think that he could finish the work on time. 7. Jane said that she was going to the railway station to meet her uncle that afternoon. 8. The geography teacher said that the earth turns around the sun. 二、1. The doctor sa1d to Mrs. Smith, “Your daughter will never be able to hear again.” 2. Mary said to her mother, “I need a new coat to go with my skirt3. The postman said to the lady, “Here is a parcel for you. 4. A policeman said to my brother. “You cant leave your car here. 5. My brother