打印2016--2017-(2)学术论文写作试卷A卷答题纸.docx

姓名：全雪萍 学号：1430100137 班级：1401天津师范大学考试试卷20162017学年第二学期期末考试答题纸（ A卷）科目：学术论文写作 学院：外语学院 专业：英语2014级题号总分 阅卷人Title: A Comparative Analysis of Severe “ Marginalization” of Middle-agedand Elderly Women Reflected in The Swing and Death in the Woodsfrom Feminist Perspective从女性主义的角度比较分析秋千和林中之死中反映出的中老年女性被严重“边缘化”现象Literature review:Sherwood Anderson and Mary Gavell both are the famous American short story writers in 20 the century, and they both have many representatives, Death in the Woods and The Swing are more well-known by people among them. There are few researches about Mary Gavell s The Swing, and mainly in domestic, the researchers of The Swing mainly concentrate on following aspects: Magic realism, for instance, Li Yali analyzes the employment of magic realism in The Swing from the perspective of the setting, the narrative mode and the theme；Fraud s psychoanalytic theory, Zhang Xiuli employs Fraud s dream and reality view to analyze this short story, she advocates that dream is the bridge to combine the past with present; Zhu Xiaoyi also uses Fraud s dream and reality view to elaborate this story, while she believes that this story mainly wants to express heroine s desire of the man, because she cant get love and comfort from her husband in reality, she is only able to get these from her young son in dream；Spacial image, Zeng Rujun and Zhang Huaihai maintain that the author employs the literary representation creatively, places the whole story on the dynamic combination of material space and spiritual space, and forms a strong tension between the two spaces and the time, at the same time, the author endows abundant social, cultural and ethical connotations to the space, which makes the story is full of artistic charm and deep insight. And the study of Death in the Woods is relatively large, and has a variety of research directions, but most of them still belong to domestic. The main research directions can be divided into following categories: analyze the story from various perspectives or with a variety of literary theories, such as, Eco-feminism, archetypal analysis, aesthetic perspective and so on; or analyze the author s writing style or writing techniques; or elaborate the storys language features and narrative art; or make a comparison or contrast with other works, for example, Lu Xun s Blessing. And there are 18 essays mention women s tragedy and dissect the causes of women s tragedy is the male-centered patriarchal society. In these 18 essays, Sun Man Chen Si, Shi Jing, He Yaqing and Yang Kun all interpret this story from eco-feminism perspective; Li Min Sun Shufang, Zhao Binyu,Donglu and Yang Chunquan all analyze the heroines image; Zhou Lili, Yang Daoyun, Zhang Jun, Li Tianshu, Wang Aifang, Pan Qunying and Xu Yigang compare this story with other works; Wu Yueshengs two essays both give systematic and deep analysis of this storys theme; while Ma Linjuan points out its Female Gothic elements and women s identity crisis in the patriarchal society.Although the researches for the two stories mention the two authors concern and humanistic care for women, also preliminarily discuss the causes of women s tragedy, nobody points out that the middle-aged and elderly women group represented by the two heroines has been severely marginalized , and no one interprets the two stories in Beauvoir s feminist theories. So this essay mainly uses Beauvoir s feminist views in The Second Sex to interpret the causes of the two heroines severe marginalization from family and society aspects, in order to arouse more people s attention and concern to the middle-aged and elderly women.Beauvoir s The Second Sex is one of the most important works of modern feminist theory, she bases on the macro perspective of human consciousness to capture the flash of male consciousness form a large number of myths and literary works , and explores the genders human civilization and she pinpoints man how to define himself as “Self” and define woman as “Other” in order to establish mans ontological status. She writes: She is defined and different with reference to man and not he with reference to her, she is the incidental, the inessential as opposed to the essential. He is the Subject, he is the Absolute-she is the Other. (Beauvoir, The Second Sex,1972: 6) As for the causes of womans “ the second sex” and the status of “the Other”, she expounds : No subject will readily volunteer to become the object, the inessential; it is not the Other who, in defining himself as the Other, establishes the One. The Other is posed as such by the One in defining himself as the One.(8) In other words, she believes that womans status of “the Other” is always closely related to her overall “unfavorable situation. On the one hand, it comes from the patriarchal society and male consciousness. Beauvoir holds a opinion that the patriarchy ruling woman to stay at home determines she is emotional, introverted and internal. It is the male consciousness that leads to the formation of womans “internality”. On the other hand, it is the result of womans “internality”. Biologically speaking, it derives from her function of bearing; historically speaking, it stems from prehistorical division of labor: rearing children. It is such kind of “internality” of bearing and rearing children that restricts her “transcendence” and makes her become “the Other” and “ the second sex”. Therefore, Beauvoir reckons that man is being-for-itself and transcendent self; while woman is being-in-itself and internal self. Beauvoir also interprets the unfavorable situation of middle-aged and elderly women, she deems that middle-aged and elderly women have to confront with more difficult and sophisticated situations than younger women, “old women and ugly women are not only the unattractive objectbut also create the hate mingled with fear. Once their charm as wife has vanished, the disturbing image as mother will reappear.”(69) and she also writes: She has learned to devote herself to someone, but nobody needs her devotion now. She is useless, her validity of existence cant be verified, so she only can hope to drag out an ignoble existence when she is old and ailing like a candle guttering in the wind, and she just can say to herself: “ no one needs me anymore.” (504) Beauvoir also refers to the relationship between the middle-aged and elderly women with their sons, she says: “he will protect her from her husbands dominance and her to revenge her lovers; he will be her liberator and savior.”(506) , and “mother hopes to protect him and take him to his childhood.”(508) this is exactly the same as the plot in The Swing: the heroine feels that no one needs her anymore, she is lonely and helpless, so she begins to dream that her son turns back to his childhood and comforts her in the nights.Besides, Beauvoir also gives us some advice on how to get emancipation from these unfavorable situations, such as, to extricate themselves from the inherent bondage of women , to get rid of the dependence on men in economy and culture, to be an independent woman and so on.This essay mainly employs Beauvoir s opinions on why woman becomes the second sex and the difficult situations and limitations of middle-aged and elderly women to be faced with in The Second Sex to interpret that why the two heroines are both in a severe marginalized position whether in their families or in the society, it also wants to point out what kind of morality value, love view and family outlook women should have.References：Beauvoir, Simone de. 1949/1972. The Second Sex M. H M Parshley, translated. London: Penguin. Chen，Si陈思. 2013. 从生态女性主义视角解读林中之死J.英语广场(9)：40-41. Dong, Lu & Zhao, Binyu. 董路，赵斌宇. 2010. 群体“死亡”的悲哀浅析林中之死的主人公形象J. 外国文学：125-126.He, Yaqing何亚卿. 2011. 生命之轻从生态女性主义角度评林中之死J. 外国文学研究(8): 160-162. Li, Guihua李桂花. 2015. 从第二性看波伏娃的女性意识D. 南昌：南昌大学.Li, Min李敏. 2010. The woman in “Death in the Woods”J. Science & Technology Information (35): 285-286.Li, Tianshu & Wang, Aifang. 李天舒, 王艾芳. 1993. 不同文化中的相同悲剧试论格莱姆斯夫人和祥林嫂的悲剧形象J. 西北大学学报, 23(78)：116-120.Li, Yali 李亚莉. 2016. Magical realism in Mary Gavell s short story The SwingJ. Overseas English(9): 155-157.Ma, Linjuan麻林娟. 2009. 从女性哥特主义的角度解读安德森的林中之死J. 城外文学新论: 324-332.Pan, Qunying潘群英. 2001. 两位悲剧女性形象之比较舍伍德安德森林中之死与凯瑟琳安波特被遗弃的维德奥奶奶J. 松辽学刊(4): 42-43. Sun, Man孙曼. 2011. 林中之死的生态女性主义视角探析J. 内