2012年12月英语四级真题卷2解析.docx

2012年12月英语四级真题答案Part WritingDirection：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education PaysYou should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【答案及解析】标准版：The above bar chart clearly shows us education pays in 2010. We see that one with higher education background earns more money weekly than those with lower ones. For instance, the college students with no degree get paid$712 per week whereas those with a Bachelors degree can earn $1038.Several reasons, in my opinion, can be identified to account for this phenomenon. To begin with, compared with those with comparatively lower education degree, people who have received higher education possess considerably wider knowledge, more remarkable learning and research ability, greater innovation and most of all, resourceful social network, all of which are essential to a high-income work. Also, the higher ones education degree is, the bigger platform he will have to show his ability. For example, his college, university, or research institute will organize various job fairs for them to communicate face to face with employers.This phenomenon tells us that education is a worthy investment. Therefore, substantial education investment should be strengthened while we, as college students, should study harder to build our country and strive for a better life for ourselves.高分版：Education PaysJudging from the table, we can see that peoples income increases along with their education levels. Above all，the average college graduates earn much more than the typical high-school graduates.The fact revealed by these data is obvious: a degree does bring distinctive financial benefits to its holders. But is it true that a degree alone can ensure a bright future? I dont think so because, on the one hand, the financial value of high education depends heavily on what skills graduates can gain from it instead of the degree itself. After all, an employer only pays for your ability and performance, not for your certificate. On the other hand, the most valuable bless high education brings to graduates is the ability to learn quickly and efficiently. People received more education tend to keep lifelong learning habits after their graduation, which would help them gain more opportunities in their career path.In conclusion, what accounts for education pays is not the degree alone, but the graduates ability and leaning habit.【标准版点评】这次四级作文出了图表题，可能让大家有些意外，但是四六级考察图表作文已经并不是第一次，早在2002年的时候就已经出现过，是图表+提纲的形式，图表反应的是大学生使用计算机的情况。由于备考时大家只是关注近几年的题型，可能没有关注到以往考察过图表作文。我们在备考作文的时候，一般会从以下几个方面着手准备，如何描述现象、如何分析原因、如何分析影响、如何给出解决措施、如何进行观点论战等。其实，图表作文也是从这几个方面展开，只是将第一段的描述现象改为描述图表即可。可见，无论是考察哪种作文题，我们都可以将它转化为我们熟悉的提纲式。这次作文题目有两个版本。题目都是Educational Pays(教育回报)，一个版本的图表显示的是教育水平越高，收入越高，另一个版本的图表显示的是教育水平越高，失业率越低。虽然图表描述的具体内容不同，但主题是一致的：教育是值得投资的。写作思路也是一致的。两篇范文都是采取三段式的描述方法。第一段：描述图表。先一句话引出图表总体内容The above bar chart clearly shows us 然后具体描述现象We see that。最后用for instance引出一些具体数据来例证现象。第二段：分析原因。先写一个引出原因的句子，然后具体列举一到两个原因即可。由于字数限制，原因不必列太多。第三段：给出建议。先是总结这个现象This phenomenon tells us that education is a worthy investment.(教育值得投资)。然后是建议国家增大教育投资，以及个人要努力学习。这种三段式的写作模式容易掌握，在考场中比较实用，建议大家仿写。【高分版点评】本次四级作文围绕着同一个话题，education pay(教育回报)，出现了两个版本，一个是教育和失业率的关系，另一个是教育和收入的关系。就话题而言，命题难度并不高，选用的是贴近考生实际生活的熟悉话题。形式上则采取图表作文的形式，图表作文在四级考试中较少出现，很多考生可能刚拿到题目会束手无策，但是只要考生仔细阅读题目，就不难发现，除了需要简单描述图表之外，其写作思路和话题作文非常类似。写好这篇作文，主要抓住三点：首先，描述图表内容。对于柱状图，抓住横抽和纵轴之间的关系，对数字的变化趋势进行总体描述即可。用词不宜超过总字数的1/3。其次，要一句话揭示图表背后的隐含意思，引入文章的立意。最后，文章的立意可以采取两种思路，保守的写法是直接阐释产生现象的原因，如写失业率那篇范文;另一个则是，根据图表上的结果，借题发挥，发表自己的观点，如写收入的那篇范文。Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Why Integrity MattersWhat is Integrity?Integrity is defined as adherence to moral and ethical principles; honesty. The key to integrity is consistency-not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making lifes hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.Risky BusinessWe are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we cant see the risks were taking, we cant make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesnt know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is unintentional does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense.But Everybody Does ItMost people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks theyre taking by using excuses: Everyone else does it, Im not hurting anyone, or I really need this grade. Excuses can get very elaborate: I know Im looking at anothers exam, even though Im supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but thats not cheating because Im just checking my answers, not copying. We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing were not doing anything wrong, we cant see the real choice were making-and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If youd rather hide your actions, thats a good indication that youre taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating RisksTo decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits (whats in it for me), and simply havent considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a 0 on a test or assignment; an F in the class; Suspension or Dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there arent many things that fall in this category.Getting Away With It-Or NotThose who dont get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesnt learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesnt get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems easier. This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didnt get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works.Cheating Hurts Others, TooCheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions dont count and dont really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating poisons the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. (If I dont cheat, I cant compete with those who do.) Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, Im not interested in what youre trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others. The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree.Why Integrity MattersIf cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldnt put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist-the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nations economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _.A) sticks to them in their daily lifeB) makes them known to othersC) understands their true valuesD)sees that others also follow them2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?A) It helps to create team spiritB) It facilitates communicationC) It is the basis of mutual trustD) It inspires mutual respect3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take?A. To ensure we make responsible choices.B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.C. so that we dont break any rules.D. so that we dont run into trouble.4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _?A. it has caused no harm.B. it is claimed to be unintentional.C. it has gone unnoticed.D. it is committed with good intentions.5. What should one do if he doesnt wish to fool himself?A. Avoid making excuses.B. Listen to other peoples advice.C. Make his intensions public.D. Have others watch over his shoulder.6. Those who take risks they regret later on _.A. will often become more cautiousB. are usually very aggressiveC. value immediate benefits most.D. may lose everything in the end7. According to the author, a cheater who doesnt get caught right away will _.A) pay more dearlyB) become more confidentC) be widely admiredD) feel somewhat lucky8. Cheaters at exam dont care about their education, all they care about is how to _9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on peoples _10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of _.Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.W: I just heard about a really beautiful park in the east end of the town. There are a lot of roses in bloom.M: Why dont we walk over there and see for ourselves?Q: What will the speakers probably do?12.M: My presentation is scheduled for 9:30 tomorrow morning at the lecture hall. I hope to see you there.W: Oh, sorry. I was about to tell you that I have an appointment with my dentist at 9:00 oclock tomorrow.Q: What do we learn about the woman?13.W: How long have you been running this company?M: Twenty years if you can believe that. I brought it from a small operation to what it is today.Q: What do we learn about the man?14.M: Have you read the news on the campus net? Susan has won the scholarship for next year.W: I knew she would from the very beginning. Such a brilliant and diligent girl! She certainly deserves it.Q: What does the woman mean?15.W: Taking a bus to Miami, its cheaper than going by train.M: Thats true. But Id rather pay a little more for the added comfort and convenience.Q: What does the man mean?16.M: I think its time we got rid of all this old furniture.W: Youre right. We need to promote our image besides its not a real antique.Q: What do the speakers mean?17.M: That was some storm yesterday. How was I afraid I couldnt make it home.W: Yeah, most of the roads to my house were flooded. I didnt get home from the lab until midnight.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?18.W: My boys are always complaining that theyre bored.M: Why dont you get them into some team sports? My son and daughter play soccer every Saturday. And they both look forward to it all week.Q: What does the man mean?【答案及答案】Section A11.答案：C. Go to the park to enjoy the flowers.点评：对话中女士介绍了一处漂亮的公园，从男士的回答“为什么不去看看呢?”可以判断，接下去两人可能会去这个公园。see for 看见12.答案：C. She cannot attend the presentation.点评：从对话中可知，女士九点要去看牙医，无法参加男士的讲座了。13.答案：B. He is a very successful businessman.点评：从对话中可知，男士经营这家公司20年了，而且成功把公司从一家小公司发展到了现在较大的规模。run v. 经营，管理14.答案：D. She has every confidence in Susan.点评：从对话中可知，女士一直很看好Susan, 觉得她肯定能拿到奖学金。sb. deserves it. 某人应得的。15.答案：D. It is worth the money taking a train to Miami.点评：从对话中可知，坐车去迈阿密比火车便宜，但火车更舒适便捷。16.答案：C. The old furniture should be replaced.点评：从对话中可知，男士和女士都认为应该把旧家具换掉，以改善形象。对话中有些生词，但不影响对主要含义的把握，可以忽略。get rid of 处理掉17.答案：B. The man got home late due to the storm.点评：从对话中可知，昨天有暴风雨，女士担心自己回不了家，男士直到半夜才回家。18.答案：A. The womans sons might enjoy team sports.点评：从对话中可知，男士建议女士可以让自己的儿子们参加一些团队运动，这样他们就不会觉得无聊了。W: I dont know what to do. I cant seem to get anyone in the hospital to listen to my complaints and this outdated equipment is dangerous. Just look at it.M: Hmm, uh, are you trying to say that it presents a health hazard?W: Yes, I am. The head technician in the lab tried to persuade the hospital administration to replace it, but they are trying to cut costs.M: You are pregnant, arent you?W: Yes, I am. I made an effort to get my supervisor to transfer me to another department, but he urged me not to complain too loudly. Because the administration is more likely to replace me than an X-ray equipment, Im afraid to refuse to work. But Im more afraid to expose my unborn child to the radiation.M: I see what you mean. Well, as your union representative, I have to warn you that it would take quite a while to force management to replace the old machines and attempt to get you transferred may or may not be successful.W: Oh, what am I supposed to do then?M: Workers have the legal right to refuse certain unsafe work assignments under two federal laws, the Occupation or Safety and Health Act and the National Labor Relations Act. But the requirements of either of the Acts may be difficult to meet.W: Do you think I have a good case?M: If you do lose your job, the union will fight to get it back for you along with back pay, your lost income. But you have to be prepared for a long wait, maybe after two years.Q19. What does the woman complain about?Q20. What has the woman asked her supervisor to do?Q21. What does the man say about the two federal laws?Q22. What will the union do if the woman loses her jobQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: Mr. Green, is it fair to say that negotiation is an art?M: Well, I think its both an art and science. You can prepare for a negotiation quite scientifically, but the execution of the negotiation has quite a lot to do with ones artistic quality. The scientific part of a negotiation is in determining your strategy. What do you want out of it? What can you give? Then of course there are tactics. How do you go about it? Do you take an opening position in a negotiation which differs from the eventual goal you are heading for? And then of course there are the behavioral aspects.W: What do you mean by the behavioral aspects?M: Well, thats I think where the art comes in. In your behavior, you can either be an actor. You can pretend that you dont like things which you are actually quite pleased about. Or you can pretend to like things which you are quite happy to do without. Or you can be the honest type negotiator whos known to his partners in negotiation and always plays everything straight. But the artistic part of negotiation I think has to do with responding immediately