新视野英语教程读写教程1教案（Unit 4 Text A）.doc

Unit 4Text AWords & Expressionsallowvt. let (someone) do something without opposing them or trying to prevent them; let (something) be done; permit 允许；准许例 His parents allow him to watch TV only on weekends.The government does not allow smoking in public places.issuevt. 1. produce (especially something printed and/or official) 发行；发布例 The magazine is issued every week.例 issue a statement 发布一项声明2. give out or provide officially (正式)分配；发给例 Food will be issued to the hungry people.n. 1. C a subject to be talked about, argued about, or decided upon 问题；议题例 Shes not really concerned about this issue. 她不太关心这个问题。2. C something that is produced so as to be publicly sold or given out 发行物例 This is a supplementary issue. 这是一本增刊。counter1. C a narrow table or flat surface at which customers are served in a shop, bank, etc. 柜台例 I put several coins on the counter. 我把几枚硬币放在柜台上。例 under the counter 秘密地；暗地里；（指商店买卖货物）暗中交易，走后门2. C a person or especially an electrical apparatus that counts 计算者；计算器例 Set the counter to zero. 把计数器拨到零。v. move or act in order to oppose or defend oneself against (something) 反对；对抗例 As he didnt like their plan, he countered it with his own.adv. (in a manner or direction that is) opposed or opposite 相反地例 run counter to ones will 与某人的意愿背道而驰例 He acted counter to his promise. 他言行不一/违背了自己的诺言。starevi. look steadily for a long time (e.g. in great surprise or shock) 凝视；瞪眼睛例 Everyone stared at his hat.例 It is not polite to stare at other people.例 stare into the distance 凝视远方screen1. C the front glass surface of an electrical instrument 屏幕；荧光屏例 I used a soft cloth to clean the screen of the television.a computer screen2. C a surface on which a cinema film is shown （电影）银屏；银幕例 He has adapted the play for the screen.他把这个戏剧改编成了电影。例 She first appeared on the screen ten years ago. 10年前她在银幕上首次露面。vt. shelter or protect 遮蔽；掩护例 The old woman screened her face with her hands. 例 The parents tried to screen their guilty daughter.backupn. C; U a thing or person ready to be used in place of, or to help, another 替代物；助手；支援人员例 a backup pilot副领航员例 technical backup 技术后备力量mainadj. of greater size, importance, or influence than all others; chief 主要的；最重要的例 This is a busy main road. 例 What is the main idea of the passage?suggest1. mention as a possibility; state as an idea for consideration; propose 建议；提出例 She suggested that you talk to a lawyer. 2. give signs (of); make clear, perhaps indirectly; indicate 显出；暗示例 a silence that suggests disagreement 暗示着不同意的沉默例 Her silence suggested that she was angry.receipt1. C a written statement that one has received money (or sometimes goods) 收据；收条例 We should ask for a receipt when we pay for what we have bought.例 make out a receipt 开收据2. U the fact of receiving 收到例 We are in receipt of your letter. 我们已收到来函。例 pay the money on (the) receipt of goods 收到货物即付款proofC; U (a) way of showing that something is true; facts, information, documents, etc., that prove something 论证；证据例 give proof of 证明，提供的证据例 There is no proof that he was on the crime spot. 没有证据证明他当时在犯罪现场。charge1. ask in payment 要价；索取；收费例 charge ten dollars for a haircut 理一次发要价10美元 例 Their food is delicious, and they charge low prices.2. bring a criminal charge against; accuse 控告；指控 例 The police was charged with neglect of duty. 这个警察被控玩忽职守。例 He was charged with car theft.n. 1. C; U the price asked or paid for goods or a service 价钱；费用 例 free of charge 免费 例 The charge for a ticket is $3. 票价是每张3美元。2. U a position of care, control, or responsibility for a person, group, organization, etc. 主管；责任例 take charge of a department 负责一个部门例 The mayor put him in charge of the school. 市长任命他为校长。moment1. C a particular point in time 某一时刻例 At that moment, everyone began dancing.例 He was not here at that moment. 他当时不在这儿。2. C a very short period of time 片刻；一会儿例 The speaker paused for a moment, and then continued.例 Just a moment. 请稍等片刻。spreadv. 1. make or become (more) widely known 传播；流传例 spread the news 传播消息例 Flies spread disease. 苍蝇能传播疾病。2. (cause to) open, reach, or stretch out, so as to cover or include a greater area; (cause to) be longer, broader, wider, etc. （使）张开；（使）散开；（使）广布例 He spread a big map on the table.例 The bird spread its wings. 这只鸟展开翅膀。n. (singular) the act or action of spreading 扩展；传播例 the rapid spread of the disease/knowledge/education 疾病的蔓延、知识的传播、教育的普及whilst1. (= while) during the time that; when 当的时候例 Whats been going on Whilst I was away?2. although 虽然例 Whilst I understand what you say, I cannot agree with you.kickv. strike with the foot 踢例 The boy kicked the ball into the river.例 She kicks out when shes angry. 她发起怒来暴跳如雷。n. C an act of kicking 踢例 If the door wont open, give it a kick. 如果打不开门，就踢一脚。例 Give him a good kick. 用力踢了他一脚。go about1. go around 四处走动例 Dont go about in such clothes. 不要穿成这样四处走动。例 Youd better go about to relax yourself. 你最好四处走走放松一下。2. perform or do 着手；从事例 He is not going about it the right way. 他的做法不对。例 How shall we go about finding a job? write outwrite (something formal) 写；写出例 The doctor wrote out a prescription for the patient.例 write out a checkgo downfail or stop (working)（计算机）出故障；垮掉例 My computer went down this morning. 例 The company went down two weeks ago.go down withcatch (an infectious disease) 感染上例 go down with a bad cold 传染上重感冒例 Many people have gone down with H1N1 around the world.no wayimpossible, no possible means 不可能；无论如何不例 There is no way we can finish it on time. 我们不可能按时完成。例 No way will I give you that money. 那钱我无论如何不会给你。find outlearn or discover (a fact that was hidden or not known) 发现；查明例 The police are trying to find out the truth of the matter. 例 She put her hand in the water to find out how cold it was.what/how about1. used to introduce a suggestion 好吗？（用于询问或征求意见）例 How about asking him? 去问问他，好不好？例 How about another cup of coffee? 再给你来一杯咖啡好吗？2. used to find out information or to ask someones opinion 怎么样？（用于提建议）例 What about going for a walk? 去散散步怎么样？例 What about spending our holiday in Japan? 去日本度假怎么样？at the momentat the present time; now 此刻；现在例 He is reading at the moment. 他此刻正在看书。stand/be/wait in linea group of persons or things arranged in a row or series 成一排；成一条直线例 Many people are standing in line for tickets.get overfind a way to deal with 克服；战胜（困难等）例 They will find ways to get over the difficulties.例 He had not completely gotten over his nervousness. Text A tells us a story from which we can learn that computers, like many other hi-tech products, have brought us convenience and troubles as well. Therefore, draw the students attention to the following points:1. What importance does computer technology play in the film industry? If youve been to the movies lately, you probably noticed that more and more movies rely heavily on computer generated images. “Star Trek”, “Shrek” and “Final Fantasy” are entirely derived from computers. In “Final Fantasy”, it is hard to tell whether the characters are animated or real people. In fact, film industries begin to use computer effects to create everything. It seems that the film industry is on the way to revolutionary changes of how movies are created and viewed.2. What does computer mean to our life? The computer is a great invention in the 20th century. Ever since the first computer came into the world, it has greatly changed our ways of thinking and living. Without computers, a lot of things would not be possible, and the world would not be what it is today. Computer has become increasingly important in our life. They serve us everywhere. High up in the space and down deep in ocean, they are used to make courageous explorations. On farms and factories, they help us do tiring and difficult work. Moreover, they take over our routine work in the office and in the home. However computers also cause trouble. For example, a computer virus may turn your days of work into nothing. But I believe these problems will be solved by developing more advanced and reliable computers.Topic ExplorationWith the fast development of science and technology, countless new high-tech products have come into our lives and brought us convenience and troubles as well. In order to help the students to see what high technology has brought to us, after doing the Exploring the Topic section on the Students Book, proceed with the question:What does Internet mean to you?Text StructureThis text tells us a story to show that computers, like many other hi-tech products, have brought us convenience and troubles as well. Its structure goes as follows:The Computer Is Down (Title)Introduction to the story (Para.1): The most frightening words to I are:Our computer is down.The story in detail(Para.2-31): A.The computer at the airport stopped working when I was trying to buy a ticket. (Para.2-4) B.I tried various ways to buy a ticket, but in vain. (Para.5-29) C.The nervous customers were promised a free drink as soon as the main computer got over its problem. (Para.30-31)Detailed Study of Text AThe Computer Is DownThe computer does not work.down: adj. (of computer system) not in operation （计算机系统）停止操作的；停机的-Para. 1The most frightening words in the English language are:Our computer is down.The last words I want to hear in the English language are: Our computer is down.英语中最令人恐惧的字眼莫过于“计算机死机了”I hear it more and more as I go about trying to do my business.I often hear Our computer is down when I travel on business.可我四处奔波生意时却越来越频繁地听到这句话。it = Our computer is down.Para. 2-4One day, I was at the airport trying to buy a ticket to Washington and the man said, Im sorry, I cant sell you a ticket. Our computer is down.一天，我在机场，想买去华盛顿的机票，售票员说：“很抱歉，我不能卖给你机票，计算机死机了。”What do you mean your computer is down?“死机了，什么意思？”“It just doesnt work well.”Something is wrong with the computer. It has simply stopped working.“就是计算机不能正常工作了。”It = the computer-Para. 5-29“Then just write me out a ticket.”In that case, please write a ticket for me.“那么给我开张票。”I cant write you out a ticket.“我不能给你开票”The computer is the only one allowed to issue tickets for the plane.The computer is the only thing that is given the right to sell tickets for the plane.“只有计算机才有权开机票。”the only one allowed to. = the only thing that is allowed to.I looked down the counter, and all people behind the counter were just standing there, drinking coffee and staring into a dark screen.I lowered my head and looked at the counter, and all the people who were behind the counter were just standing there, drinking coffee and watching the computer that was down.我低头看了看柜台，所有在柜台后面的人都只是站着，一边喝着咖啡，一边盯着黑暗的屏幕。a dark screen: The screen of the computer was dark simply because it didnt work.What do all you people do?“那么你们这些人做什么？”We give the computer the information about your trip, and then it tells us whether you can fly with us or not.“我们往计算机里输入有关你旅行的信息，然后它告诉我们你能否乘坐我们的飞机。”So when it goes down, you go down with it.“因为它死机了，你们也跟着死机。”So when the computer doesnt work, you dont work either because of the computer.it = the computerThats very good, sir. I havent heard it put that way before.How well youve put it, sir. I havent heard such an expression before.“说得真棒，我还从来没有听过别人这样说呢。”Here it refers to the expression So when it goes down, you go down with it.put: vt. express something in words (用语言)表达；叙述；说明e.g. I dont know how to put my ideas into English. 我不知道怎样用英语把我的意思表达出来。When they decided to complain, they should put it in writing.他们决定投诉的时候，应该把投诉的事情写下来。How long will the computer be down?“计算机要死机多长时间?”I have no idea. “我可不清楚。”There is no way we can find out without asking the computer, and since its down it wont answer us.If we dont ask the computer, it is impossible to know how long it will be down, and since it doesnt work, it cant tell us.“不问计算机就不可能知道，既然它死机了，也就无法告诉我们了。”Notice: The expression no way is used when one wants to express strong refusal or opposition. no way 用于表示断然拒绝或强烈反对。 Dont you have a backup computer when the main computer goes down?Is there any other computer ready to be used when the main computer (主机) doesnt work? “主机死机了难道没有备用机吗？”I doubt it. Do you know what they cost?I am not sure whether we have a backup computer when the main computer goes down。“我也拿不准，你知道那要花多少钱？”it = whether we have a backup computer when the main computer goes downPlease notice:1) In negative and interrogative statements, doubt is followed by that-clause (在否定句和疑问句中doubt 后接 that引导的从句):e.g. I have no doubt that he can fix your tape recorder. 我相信他能修好你的录音机。 Do you doubt that she will win the first prize? 你不相信她会得一等奖吗？2) In other statements, doubt is often followed by if/whether-clause or that-clause 、(在其他陈述句中doubt 后常接 if/whether或 that引导的从句):e.g. I doubt that hell come. 我恐怕他不会来了。 I doubt whether I can solve the problem.我不大相信自己能解决这个问题。 Lets forget the computer.Lets stop talking about the computer. “不说计算机吧。What about your planes?Now tell me something about your planes.你们的飞机呢？Theyre still flying, arent they?它们还在飞，是不是？”I couldnt tell without asking the computer, and as I told you.I couldnt tell you anything before asking the computer .“不问计算机我没法回答你，我对你说过”no (not).without: 不就不；无不； 一就e.g. We cannot survive without water. 没有水我们就不能活。 No one can read it without crying. 读者无不流泪。 They dont meet without quarrel. 他们一见面就吵架。 I know its down. Maybe I could just go to the gate and ask the pilot if hes flying to Washington, I suggested.“我知道它死机了。也许我可以直接去登机口，问一问飞行员他是否将飞往华盛顿。”我建议。I wouldnt know what gate to send you to.I am afraid I cant tell you which entrance is the right one you should go to.“我不知道让你去哪个登机口。”Please notice the subjunctive mood used in the sentence to indicate uncertainty. There are some more in the text:I couldnt tell without asking the computer, and as I told you. We wouldnt know what to charge you.I wouldnt know, he said, pointing to the dark screen. Only IT knows. Ill try them all. I said.“我都试一试。”Even if the pilot was going to Washington, he couldnt take you if you didnt have a ticket.“即使飞行员飞往华盛顿，你没有票他也带不了你。”Why dont I give you the money, you give me a receipt, and Ill show it to the pilot as proof that I have paid?How about this? I give you the money and you give me a written statement (陈述) that says I have paid for the ticket, and then Ill show it to the pilot and let him believe that I have paid. “何不这样，我把钱给你，你给我开一张收据，然后我把这张收据给飞行员看，证明我已付了钱。”We wouldnt know what to charge you. The computer knows the air-fares th