人文英语资料答案版.doc

Revision Materials for HUMANITIES No. 1 (materials offered by Zhang Liyue)English-Chinese Translation1） In the global race for talent, smart people attract other smart people.在人才的全球竞争中，聪明的人吸引其他聪明的人2） The University of Chicago is driven by a singular focus on the value of open, rigorous and intense inquiry. 芝加哥大学前行的动力，重点关注于开放，严谨，和探究的理念3） This moment will nap, you will have a dream; but this moment study, you will interpret a dream. 此刻打盹,你将做梦;而此刻学习,你将圆梦。4）The reputation of a university depends not on the number of its students or the splendour of its buildings, but on the quality of its members. 一所大学的声誉并不取决于其学生的数量或建筑物的壮美，而是依赖于其成员的素质。5） As a leading global university centred in Asia, the National University of Singapore (NUS), offers education and research that is international, yet with unique Asian expertise and perspectives.新加坡国立大学作为亚洲在全球领先的中心大学，提供的教育和研究都是国际性的，是具有亚洲独特的专业只是和观点的SAQ (Short Answer Questions)(1) In America, which university is older than its country? Harvard(2) What is the school motto of Southwest Jiaotong University? 精勤求学，敦笃励志，果毅力行，忠恕任事(3) What does “竢实扬华” mean? waiting fruits ripe to feed china (4) What is the “QS World University Rankings”? a university ranks which place in the world (5) Compared with University of Oxford, Cambridge University focus on thinking or knowing? knowingTrue/False(1) University of Oxford and Cambridge University share much in common, such as the teaching style and buildings. T(2) Bill Clinton, the former American President, graduated from University of Pennsylvania. F(3) Newton is a teacher in Yale. F(4) In 1896, Southwest Jiaotong University was founded. T(5) McGill University is located in Canada. TNo. 2 (materials offered by Li Guanghan)English-Chinese Translation1. In the eighteenth century, however, literature did more than embody certain social values: it was a vital instrument for their deeper entrenchment and wider dissemination. 在十八世纪，无论如何，文学对社会影响无疑超过了社会的价值标准：它是一个为巩固地位和扩大传播的重要工具。2. The literary work itself comes to be seen as a mysterious organic unity, in contrast to the fragmented individualism of the capitalist marketplace: it is spontaneous rather than rationally calculated, creative rather than mechanical. 文学作品本身被看做一个神秘的有机统一，对比个人主义盛行的资本主义世界，它理性而合理，有创意但不机械。3. In the face of such forces, the privilege accorded by the Romantics to the creative imagination can be seen as considerably more than idle escapism. 面对这种强暴势力，浪漫派赋予“创造性想象力”的特权也就绝不能简单的被看作是消极的逃避主义。4. But on the viewless wings of Poesy, Though the dull brain perplexes and retards: Already with thee!我要展开诗歌底无形的羽翼，尽管这头脑已经困顿,疲乏，去了,我已经和你同往。5）Where youth grows pale, and spectre-thin, and dies; Where but to think is to be full of sorrow And leaden-eyed despairs, Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes, Or new Love pine at them beyond to-morrow.在这里，青春苍白、消瘦、死亡，而瘫痪有几根白发在摇摆，在这里,稍一思索就充满了， 忧伤和灰暗的绝望，而美保持不住明眸的光彩，新生的爱情活不到明天就枯凋。SAQ 1. What is the theme of “Ode to a Nightingale”? The reality is cruel and ideal is impossible. But we can fight for a better life .2. According to “The Rise of English”, what is “creative” writing? the whole body of valued writing in society 3. How do you like the image of “wine” in “Ode to a Nightingale”? It is very fit and expresses pain of the poets heart. 4. What is the symbolic meaning of “nightingale” in “Ode to a Nightingale”? Good things and beautiful life, it is the dream of the poet。5. Whats the relation between “beauty” and “death” in “Ode to a Nightingale”?Beauty is the dream and death is the reality, we always want dreams come true but the reality is very very cruel.True / False1. “Ode to a Nightingale” is written by William Shakespeare. F2. Poetry is not a genre of literary writing. F3. Romantic poets tend to write essays valued in the economic world. F4. “Ode to a Nightingale” is a love story. F5. In “Ode to a Nightingale”, the speaker asks readers to fight for a better life. TNo. 3 (materials offered by Wu zhengqun)English-Chinese Translation1. More than one occasion for enmity lies hidden amidst the relations of parents and children; conditions are present in the greatest abundance under which wishes which cannot pass the censorship are bound to arise. (text A) .那就可以发现父母与子女间确实隐含着不少的敌意，只是很多情况下，这些产生的愿望并无法通过 检查制度而已2.The obscure legends which have been handed down to us from the primeval ages of human society in mythology and folklore give a deplorable idea of the despotic power of the father, and the ruthlessness with which it was exercised有古代流传下来的神话，民间小说等均使我们不难发现许多发人深省的有关父亲霸道专权、擅用职权的轶闻3. Then there followed a lucid but rather apathetic condition, with badly disturbed sleep.(text A)后来她变得较沉静清醒，其实也可说是较无表情的状态，并且常常睡不好觉4. An enormous number of these dealt, in a more or less veiled fashion, with the death of the girls mother; Now she was present at the funeral of an old woman, now she saw herself and her sister sitting at a table, dressed in mourning; the meaning of the dreams could not be doubted (text A) 这时的梦大半经过或多或少的掩饰，影射着她母亲的死亡，有时梦见她参加一个老妇人的丧礼，有时梦见她与姐姐坐在桌旁，身着丧服。均毫无疑问地可看出梦的意义5. These are the ineradicable memories of the punishments we suffered as children for misdeeds which we had committed-memories which were revived in us on the dies irae, dies illa of the grueling examination at the two critical junctures in our careers as students （text B）12. 3. 4. 这就有如我们小孩子时，为自己的劣行而遭受到处罚一样，这是我们学生时代那种苦难日子（要命的考试）记忆的再现。SAQ1. Oedipus Complex (text A)Oedipus complex in psychoanalysis is a childs unconscious desire for the exclusive love of the parent of the opposite sex. This desire includes jealousy toward the parent of the same sex and the unconscious wish for that parents death. 2. Characteristics of Dream (ppt)1)It represents a wish (which is distorted/ disguised) as fulfilled； 2) dreams are always disguised (伪装）or distorted；3) Censorship plays a key role in dreaming; the dreamer stands in fear of the censorship; he therefore in dream moderates and disguises the expression of his opinions.4) Identification: this means dreamers are enable to express in their dream content not merely their own experiences, but the experiences of quite a number of other persons; they can suffer, as it were, for a whole mass of people, and fill all the parts of a drama with their own personalities5) Condensation: a dream may blend the allusion of both into a single whole. It obeys a compulsion to make them into a single whole6) The affection in the dream stands in opposition to this dream content 3. What do you think of Freuds interpretation of dream of death of parent? (text A) (根据课文阐释自己的看法) Freud thinks that, More than one occasion for enmity lies hidden amidst the relations of parents and children, and the dream is always disguised, when the censorship appears, then child would dream about the death of parents.弗洛伊德认为父母与子女之间隐含着不少的敌意，梦是一种受压制的欲望的表现 当“检查制度”占上风时，就会梦到父母的死亡4. The function of examination-dream (text A)Anxiety-dream of examination may be interpreted as “do not be afraid of the morrow, think of the anxiety which you, felt before your matriculation; yet nothing happened to justify it, for now you are a doctor/.”5. What do you think of Freuds Interpretation of the dream of examination? (text B) (根据课文阐释自己的看法)No. 4 (materials offered by Wang Jun)English-Chinese Translation1. In terms of corporate level, culture is associated with the particular culture of an organization and is applicable to those who are employed in it. .从企业层面来讲，与之关联的特定文化是一个组织的文化，这种文化很适用于那些从事于企业的人。2. Thus, study of Confucian values and their influences on Korean organizational behavior is significant for a better understanding of Korean corporate culture. 因此研究儒家价值观和他们对韩国组织行为的影响最好的办法就是去了解韩国企业的文化。3. Family control in Korean corporate management is one of the essential characteristics in Korean corporate culture which is also influenced by Confucianism. 家庭控制企业管理是韩国企业文化中最本质的特征之一，当然也受到儒家思想的影响。4One classic Confucian adage states that “It is a virtue if a woman has no ability.” The unfortunate thing is that many people who carry leadership roles fail to rule with justice but still require the loyalty from their subordinates. 一句经典的儒家谚语叫做：女子无才便是德。 不幸的是，很多具有领导角色的人却不能做到管理的公正，但是又要求他们的下属对他忠诚。SAQ1. What are the main Confucian teachings? The main teachings of Confucianism stress the importance of education for moral development of the individual2What are the problems of paternalistic leadership for employees and employers?. Favoritism, unfairness and inefficiencies are the problems.3What are the strong points of family-like environment? One of the positive aspects under paternalistic leadership is that a family-like environment is formed in Korean work organizations.4. Do you agree Confucianism, like most ideologies, can be a double-edged sword? How should we maintain the strong points as well as avoid the weaknesses in corporate management? Yes, I agree. We should maintain the good ones while bringing in new concepts and systems.5. In order to avoid the weakness of hierarchical structure, how should corporate leaders do? Corporate leaders should rule with justice.T/F1Confucius, a brilliant thinker and politician, was born in 551 B.C. in the state of Lu, Shandong province, China and died in 479BC. T2. In Confucianism, all sons are expected to inherit the family assets and succeed his father in taking over the responsibility for the family. F3. Twenty four chapters and 497 verses long, the Analects has become one of the most influential works of literature in the world. F4. Culture at the generation level is associated with the differences between grandparents and parents, parents and children. F5. To create a harmonious society and a prosperous nation, Confucius has divided human relations into five relationships: parent and child, ruler and subject, husband and wife, teacher and student, and friend with friend. TNo. 5 (materials offered by Mo Xingwei)English-Chinese Translation1. It is probably one of the most striking coincidences of history that the seaward and the landward expansion of Europe should, in a sense, continue the ancient opposition between Roman and Greek. 这大概是历史上最惊人的巧合之一，在某种意义上说，欧洲的向海和向陆的扩张，应该认为是古希腊和古罗马间对抗的继续。2. Thus the modern land-power differs from the sea-power no less in the source of its ideals than in the material conditions of its mobility. 因此，现代的陆上强国与海上强国，在思想根源上的差异不少于机动性上的物质条件上的差异。 3. whereas agricultural settlements formerly ended at the forest boundary, the centre of the population of all European Russia now lies to south of that boundary, in the midst of the wheat-fields which have replaced the more western steppes. 然而农业聚落以前直通到森林边界，现在所有陆俄罗斯人口中心，已位于森林边界以南的取代了更西面草原的麦田中间。4.But trans-continental railways are now transmuting the conditions of land-power, and nowhere can they have such effect as in the closed heart-land of Euro-Asia, in vast areas of which neither timber nor accessible stone was available for road-making.但是现在横跨大陆的铁路正在改变陆地强国的状况，铁路在任何地方都没有像在闭塞的欧亚心脏地带，像在没有木材或不能得到石块修筑公路的广大地区所发挥的这种效果。5. Railways work the greater wonders in the steppe, because they directly replace horse and camel mobility, the road stage of development having here been omitted. 铁路在大草原上创造了更伟大的奇迹，因为它直接取代了马和骆驼的机动性，发展公路的阶段这里被省略了。SAQ1. According to Mackinder, how many parts the Earths land surface can be divisible into?4 2. To show the Strategic importance of Eastern Europe, how did Mackinder summarize his theory?The spaces within the Russian Empire and Mongolia are so vast, and their potentialities in population, wheat, cotton, fuel, and metals so incalculably great, that it is inevitable that a vast economic world, more or less apart, will there develop inaccessible to oceanic commerce. 3. Why did Mackinder hold that effective political domination of the Heartland by a single power had been unattainable in the past?Wisely recognizing the fundamental limits of her power, her rulers have parted with Alaska; for it is as much a law of policy for Russia to own nothing over seas as for Britain to be supreme on the ocean.4. In what ways does the Heartland might become a springboard for global domination in the twentieth century?The oversetting of the balance of power in favour of the pivot state, resulting in its expansion over the marginal lands of Euro-Asia, would permit of the use of vast continental resources for fleet-building, and the empire of the world would then be in sight.5.What a straightforward and persuasively argued thesis did Paul Kennedy provide in his Rise and Fall of Great Powers?Countries which had been foes in one war often found themselves partners in the next. The most significant changes occurring in the military and naval fields were in organization.T/F1. In Mackinders opinion, the greatest change which took place in 19th century Europe was the northward migration of the German tribes. southward migration of the Russian peasants F 2. The Russian army in Manchuria is as significant evidence of mobile land-power as the British army in South Africa was of sea-power. T3. According to Paul Kennedys idea, the most significant changes occurring in the military and naval fields were in mobility. Fin organization4. Mackinder dismissed Russia, for her rulers have foolishly parted with Alaska without realizing its immeasurable value. Who wisely recognizing the fundamental limits of her power F5. It is not correct to say that financial could alone determined the fate of nations, just like Russia was economically backward but it played an important role in European affairs. TNo. 6 (materials offered by Wei Jing)English-Chinese Translation（1）But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. 但是，舒适啊！什么光穿过了那边的窗户？那是东方，朱丽叶就是太阳。(2) Many people have puzzled over the source of such genius. 很多人都怀疑这种天才的来源(3) As would befit the son of a local dignitary, young Will was probably educated at the local grammar school. 因为与当地高官的儿子没有什么差别，青年人很可能以前在当地的文法学校接受过教育。(4) Apart from the birth of twins in 1585, Shakespeares name vanished from the written record for seven years. 除了1585年出生的双胞胎，莎士比亚的名字从书面记录消失了七年。(5) Whats in a name? that which we call a rose. By any other name would smell as sweet.名字中有什么呢？把玫瑰叫成别的名字，它还是一样的芬芳SAQ：(1).Rose smells sweet as well if it is called some other names. What kind of language features can you learn from this statement? Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉(2).If you are Romeo or Juliet, what kind of measures can you think of in order to be together? I want to try my best to persuade the two families or run away .(3).How do you understand Hamlets question: to be or not to be? To be, or not to be: that is the question，to be means living,but we must endure the pain and suffering.not to be means death,it can be free from torture and get free. However,its really a difficult question,we must think deeply.(4) There is this so-called hesitation of Hamlet. Tell us your understanding of this term. The main theme of Hamletis the hesitation of Hamlet.Does the hesitation due to his character when he revenged for his father?Or its because of Thinking too much, and too hesitant on the action?his powerful image of Hamlet and of his hesitation is the identification of conflict. The eyes of a thousand individuals have the 1000 Hamlet. (5) Please write down your understanding of the ending of Romeo and Juliet. This is a tragedy.the ending of the story,Romeo and Juliet are dead,and two families resolving grievances.The only drawback is the death of Romeo and Juliet,This is a very unfortunate outcome.However,The love between Romeo and Juliet is a very enviable.In a sense, this is a perfect endingT/F：(1) Shakespeares famous play “Romeo and Juliet” is one of his four great tragedies. F(2) Christopher Marlow a contemporary dramatist who is as famous as Shakespeare. F(3) Liang Shiqiu is the only Chinese who by himself accomplished the translation of all the 37 plays of Shakespeare up to the present. T(4) “Beauty is truth, truth beauty,” This sentence is said by Shakespeare. F(5) Close sounds are used to express gentle, calm and powerful emotions. FNo. 7 (materials offered by Wu Liwen)English-Chinese Translation1. Philosophy, as I shall understand the word, is something intermediate between theology and science. 哲学，从字面上理解,是一种介于神学和科学之间的东西。2. But between theology and science there is a No Mans Land, exposed to attack from both sides; this No Mans Land is philosophy. 但是在神学和科学之间有一块无人之地,暴露在二者之间,这块无人之地就是哲学。3. To understand an age or a nation, we must understand its philosophy, and to understand its philosophy we must ourselves be in some degree philosophers. 要了解一个时代或一个民族,就必须了解它的哲学,要了解其哲学我们必须使自己在某种程度上是哲学家。4. Science tells us what we can know, but what we can know is little, and if we forget how much we cannot know we become insensitive to many things of very great importance. 科学告诉我们可以知道什么,但我们所能知道的只是一小部分,如果我们忘记自己还有很多事情不知道，就会对很多重要的事情变得麻木不仁。5. It is clear that each party to this disputeas to all that persist through long periods of timeis partly right and partly wrong. 很明显,这个争论的每一部分-这一切持续很长一段时间-部分是正确的，部分是错误的。SAQ:1. Philosophy is a product of which two factors? One inherited religious and ethical conceptions; the other , the sort of investigation which may be called scientific.2. What are the three great periods in the history of philosophy? Begin in the sixth century B.C, eleventh to the fourteenth century , seventeenth century to the present day.3. What are the questions the speculative minds most interested in? List at least three. Is the world divided into mind matter,and,if so,what is matter and what is mind? Has the universe any unity or purpose? Is it evolving towards some goal?4. What is the chief thing that philosophy can stil