1994-1996考研英语作文.doc

1994年作文: Part Writing (15 points)DIRECTIONS: A. Title: ON MAKING FRIENDS B. TIME LIMIT: 40 minutes C. Word limit: 120 - 150 words (not including the given opening sentence) D. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: “As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend.”E. Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. OUTLINE: l. The need for friends 2. True friendship 3. My principle in making friends 一、审题本文题目是我们较为常见的关于交友的议论文。虽然关于友谊的文章很多，但要结构清晰仍需要解析友谊的真正内涵，指出友谊就是彼此帮助，互相促进学习。二、谋篇本文应按提纲所示分为三段：第一段为朋友的重要性。第二段解释友谊的含义。第三段说明自己的择友观。本文虽条理比较明了，但应注意呼应。三、写作误区1.跑题：本文虽与友谊有关，但不是单纯赞扬友谊的。有的考生忽略了“交友”，而把笔墨浪费在赞扬友谊的珍贵上，因此被扣分也在情理之中。2.谋篇：本文应以说明议论为主，如果过多地举例描写，又无适当回扣主题，就会出现结构上的偏差，或者字数过多。四、范文评分标准11513分：内容切题，包括提纲的全部要点；表达清楚，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。Sample 1 (14 points)On Making FriendsAs a human being, one can hardly do without a friend and the fact has been self-evident. Without the help of honest friends, we can hardly get over the difficulties and hardships we come across. Moreover, having no friends also means that there is nobody in the world with whom we can share our joy and sorrow. Thus loneliness is the only ting left for us. So making friends is a very indispensable part in our life.But not all who are friendly to each other and enjoy each others company, in the social gatherings can be called true friends. Based on mutual understanding instead of on mutual benefit, true friendship must be sincere and unconditional. It consists in sincerity, mutual trust, and self-sacrifice, both in times of happiness and at moments of crisis. A true friend does not just tell us what we want to hear but will do what he thinks is best for us in the long run. False friendship, however, will flatter us when we are crowned with success while desert us when we are in deep waters. Therefore, true friendship is to make people help each other and learn from each other.My principle in making friends is to make as many good friends as possible. So when I make a friend, I first of all make sure whether he is honest or wicked. As long as he is honest and sincere, I know that I find another a company in the way of improving.例文分析1提纲（1）论证并得出结论：朋友为生活中不可缺少的一别分；（2）朋友的真正含义：真诚，互助互勉；（3）交友之道：真心，真诚。2论点与谋篇本文以提纲为依据，层次清晰。首段采用先解释首句，而后自然引出论题交友的方式，内容自然流畅。第二段的优点在于以总分总的方法写作，并采用正反论证，条理清晰。第三段直接点明交友之道。3连贯性本文连词使用广泛，比如：第二段末Therefore这一连词的应用，起到收尾的作用，自然引出该段的结论，使行文连贯。倒数第二句中while的使用，使句子前后既形成了鲜明的对比，又过渡自然。又如第三段的so使句子间因果关系更为明了，as long as顺接上文，并再次强调中心。4句式及用词句式变化多样是本文另一特点，在文中已标出。评分标准21210分：内容切题，包括提纲的全部要点；表达比较清楚，文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。Sample 2 (10 points)On Making FriendsAs a human being, one can hardly do without a friend. We need friends to share our happiness and sad. We go to friends for help when we are in trouble. We consult with friends if there are problems we cannot handle alone. In a sense, friends are often more important to us than relatives.As the proverb goes, a friend in need is a friend indeed. True friend means when you are in good condition, they are happy for you, and hope you could be better. When you are in trouble, they help you without complain. Also, they should treat you sincerely and not cheat you.When I choose friends, I do not care what work they do or where they are from, but I care those little things which shows ones characters. I would make sure that we really care for each other. Sometimes we cannot see each other often. But I know my friends will always be there, ready to help if I need them. And I know we are true friends indeed.例文分析1论点与谋篇题目的中心得到贯穿。结尾ready to help if I need them与we are true friends indeed既呼应全文，又暗指谚语a friend in need is a friend indeed，语意准确。2连贯性与用词第二段的人称与其他段不一致，如能相同，语意更连贯。使用了一定的连词。短文中用词有一些错误，如：典型错误：动词complain的名词形式为complaint。1995年作文: Part Writing (15 points)DIRECTIONS:A. Title: THE PROJECT HOPEB. Time limit: 40 minutesC. Word limit: 120 - 150 words (not including the given opening sentence)D. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: “Education plays a very important role in the modernization of our country”.E. Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE:1. Present situation2. Necessity of the project 3. My suggestion一、审题本题为提纲式论说文。由题目可知本文讨论的是有关“希望工程”的问题。二、谋篇按提纲所示，本文应分三方面展开。第一段应说明目前境况：一方面，贫困造成大量儿童失学；而另一方面，国家需要大量有知识的人才。第二段，由首段的陈述自然引出实施这项工程的必要性。分析必要性切忌写得过于空泛。这段可通过正反两方面进行论证。第三段提出自己的建议。三、写作范文评分标准1 1513分：内容切题，包括提纲的全部要点；表达清楚，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。Sample 1 (15 points)The“Hope Project”Education is the key to the modernization of our country. Chain cannot achieve its planned economic growth and catch up with those developed nations without a well-educated population. However, more than 37 million primary and secondary school students in the poverty-stricken areas of the countryside are obliged to quite school. Many of them are joining the ranks of new illiterates. Thus, a financial plan called Project Hope is carried on to rescue those children from a life of illiteracy and ignorance.The project, which brings the hope for children and promises a bright future for China, is quite necessary. As we know, being deprived of education will not only result in exhaustion of human resources in those poverty-stricken areas, but also hold back the economic development of the whole country. Developing education to arm youngsters with knowledge is an urgent task and a responsibility of the entire society. But it is impossible for the Chinese government to afford such a sum of money for hundreds of thousands of school dropouts. So a nation-wide drive, Project Hope, is the best solution.As Project Hope aims to raise funds from all walks of life, we should finance the project with money. Moreover, it needs our love and strong sense of responsibility for those children. As it says, “knowledge is a lamp leading people into the world of brightness and beauty”, so is Project Hope.例文分析1 提纲（1）现状：从国家需要人才和大量儿童失学两方面说明目前中国教育状况；（2）需要：上学的障碍为学生与政府都没有钱；（3）建议：捐钱及爱心等。2论点与谋篇本文中心突出，结构严谨。从国家与个人两方面进行论述是本文的一大特点。它使得文章脉络非常清晰。第二段，作者用了总分总的方法展开，使文章简短有力。第三段的特点是呼应主题，以俗语作总结，并采用对照，起到了画龙点睛的作用。3连贯性本文流畅不仅来自于思维的连贯，并且归功于诸多连词的应用（已在文中标出）。4.句式及用词经典句式：Developing education to arm youngsters with knowledge is and urgent task As aims to do sth., we should评分标准 21210分：内容切题，包括提纲的全部要点；表达比较清楚，文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。Sample 2 (10 points)The“Hope Project”Education plays a very important role in the modernization of our country. In rural areas millions of children have no chance to go to school. Helping their family in the field or doing endless housework at home, they do not even know how to write their own names. These new illiterates are impossible to catch the change of the world. So the Project Hope was established to help the poor children.The Project is quite necessary. On the one hand, these children are too poor to buy the books and go to school. On the other hand, as a developing country China is not likely to spend a huge amount of money on education. Only through the love the project can provide more and more education chances for the poor children. Thus, everyone should do what he can for the Project Hope.I think this project is great important to our country. So my suggestion is that people should donate our money and the government should encourage more of the public to participate the project. And Im sure the project will be fruitful.例文分析1提纲（1）儿童失学，提出希望工程；（2）从两方面说明工程的必要性；（3）提出建议。2论点与谋篇本文论点突出，按照提纲所示将文章按三段展开。第一段的缺点在于：第一句与第二句间缺乏过渡。第二句应展开说明教育对中国的重要性，然后再进行转折衔接第三句，这样内容较衔接。但此段的描写较为生动。不是直接讲述，而是通过形象地描述，用干活、做家务及不会写名字的对比生动展示失学儿童的现状。3连贯性段与段之间衔接比较自然。4.句式及用词典型错误：倒装：Only through the love the project can provide more and more education chances for the poor children.Only开头的句子应为部分倒装。应为：Only through the love can the project provide more and more education chances for the poor children.1996年作文: Section Writing36. Directions:A. Title: GOOD HEALTHB. Time limit: 40minutesC. Word limit: 120150 words (not including the given opening sentence)D. Your composition should be based on the “OUTLINE” below and should start with the given opening sentence: “The desire for good health is universal”.E. Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.Outline:1. Importance of good health.2. Ways to keep fit.3. My own practices.一、审题与谋篇本文命题形式为提纲式控制性写作，提纲有三点要求：健康的重要性；保持健康身体的方法；我自己的实践。并给出了起始句The desire for good health is universal。文章内容以健康为中心，而且从提纲也可看出，本文首段重在议论，后两段重在说明，整体为议论和说明相结合。根据提纲所示，本文分三段展开。第一段，突出健康的重要性。第二段，说明保持身体健康的途径，可用列举的方法进行说明，必要时稍加展开。第三段，描述自己的切身经历。但应注意，第三段的自身做法应呼应第二段的举例，这样文章结构会比较严谨。二、参考范文GOOD HEALTHThe desire for good health is universal. Wherever you are and whatever you do，staying healthy precedes a successful career and a happy life. People with good health can do work with full energy and confidence and their progress in turn contributes to their health and happiness. On the contrary, a sick one usually lacks the vigor and interest to fulfill his or her role in life, which deprives him or her of many opportunities to become successful and happy.Realizing the importance of good health is far from being enough. We must do something effective to keep fit. The best place to begin is at the dinner table. Eating less junk food and having a balanced diet is the first step for most people. The next step is to exercise regularly. Vigorous exercise can benefit not only the muscles but also the organs. Last but not the least, dont damage the body with drugs，including cigarettes and too much alcohol.As far as I am is concerned，I am neither indulged in food nor in such harmful substances as cigarettes or alcohol. Moreover, doing exercises is part of my routine life. Therefore, I am in good shape and always energetic.三、范文点评文章结构：从结构上看，该范文按照提纲要求，分为三段论述。第一段采用了先总后分的写作方法，段首为题目中给出的主题句，接下来用正反对比的写法进行论证，使人印象深刻。第二段段首也是主题句，并用The best place to begin、The next step、和Last but not the least分别引导对保持身体健康提出的三点建议，段落内部层次分明。第三段采用先分后总的写作方法，呼应上段的建议，谈了自己的实际情况，并在段尾进行了总结。语言亮点：1. universal：普遍的。例如：It is a universally accepted idea that （是一个普遍接受的观点）。2. precede：在之前。可代替的表达有：is the basis of或is the foundation of。3. in turn：反过来。类似用法的词还有consequently（因而）。4. On the contrary：“与此相反”，类似表示对照的短语有：unlike, in contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, by contrast等。5. deprive sb. of sth.：剥夺某人某物（或某种权利）。例如：Many children are deprived of their rights to receive education because of poverty.（很多孩子由于贫穷而被剥夺了受教育的权利）。6. is far from：原不，远非。例如：The present situation is far from being satisfying.（目前的情况远非令人满意）。7. junk food：“垃圾食品”（指一些没有营养的食物）。考生注意收集有关食物的词汇，如：take out（外卖）, fast food（快餐）8. a balanced diet：一个均衡的饮食。9. Last but not the least：最后一点，但并不是最不重要的一点。10. As far as I am is concerned：“至于我自己”，as far as be concerned谈到，至于。用于提起话题。11. indulge：be indulged in 沉湎于。12. routine life：日常生活。routine为regular的近义词。四、写作误区篇章结构误区：考生需要避免的第一个写作误区是跑题。本题在第三段中，跑题现象较为明显，本段要求考生谈谈自己的做法，但有的考生对practices产生误解，把它当作“实践（与理论相对应）”，而写成“实践是很重要的”或“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”，结果跑