语法填空(纲本).doc

Read selectively or intensively? The passage mainly deals with the issue of whether to read selectively or intensively when faced with a wide range of books. According to the author, we should value the ability to pick and choose rather than dip into whatever we can get an access to. As for the topic, peoples opinions are apparently varied based on different ideas. People who think we should read widely hold the view that the more knowledge we possess, the better understanding we will have of the world. In their eyes, only when we absorb a variety of knowledge can it be possible for us to know more about the world from all perspectives. And common sense always makes us believe that the more knowledge we obtain, the smarter we will be. In contrast, those who think we should be fully aware of what interests and benefits us hold the view that we should learn to select, arguing that there is no point in reading as many books as possible since our time and energy are limited. As far as I am concerned, I prefer to accept the latter opinion that we should try to pick and choose what can be of real value to us. Admittedly, it is true that we can gain knowledge by reading intensively, but it doesnt follow that we are supposed to read whatever we can put our fingers on. In this sense, its of great significance for us to be able to get concentrated on one or two subjects so that we can be professional in some fields. Only in this way can we achieve our final goal without wasting our time. For instance, why those famous scientists could contribute a lot to the development of science is that they just devoted themselves to one or two fields, which makes them outstanding in certain areas. To summarize, in terms of reading, I think nobody else can have given us better advice than Francis Bacon, who maintained “some books are to be swallowed, some are to be tasted, and only a few others are to be chewed and digested.” Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that it will be better off if we can read selectively. (1)It seems that there is no middle ground_1_ it comes to cats. People either love or hate _2_. These feelings are not new either. All_3_ history, cats have been worshiped or hated. A study of ancient writings and evidence _4_(find) In tombs indicates that for the past 5,000 years, cats_5_ (keep) as pets in China, Arabia, Egypt and India. Cats were at their highest position in ancient Egypt _6_there were more cats during the time of the pharaohs than anywhere else. However, _7_ the coming of the Dark Ages in Europe, the place of cats in Society took a turn for the worse. _8_they were associated with the “old Religions” in Egypt and in the Roman Empire, cats won a reputation as helpers Of witches. When a person_9_ (accuse) of being a witch, a cat would be Put on trial with the person. Usually the cat and the person would end up_10_(burn) in a bonfire or drowned. (2)Without question, one of the most important holidays in many Asian countries is the Mid-Autumn Feast, also_1_ (know) as the Moon Festival in some countries. One Chinese legend tells of a woman_2_ (fly) to the moon after stealing a magical pill from her husband. _3_to the legend, the woman remained safely_4_ (protect) on the moon in the palace of the rabbit _5_ she was chased after by her husband, trying to shoot her with arrows of light. The date of the Mid-Autumn Feast _6_(base) on the lunar calendar and is held on the fifteenth day of the eighth moon. This date usually falls sometime in late August _7_early September, according to the solar calendar. In China as well as in _8_ countries, this holiday is celebrated by friends and family _9_ (exchange) “Moon Cakes”, _10_paper lanterns are often lit at night. (3) Cars _31_(become) necessities for families in the United States until after World War Two. Before that time, cars were seen mainly as toys for_32_ rich. By the end of the war, _33_, people were tired of saving money and _34_ (limit) their use of items. _35_(like) Europe and Japan, whose industries had been wiped out by the war, factories in the U.S. could be changed_36_ production of wartime items to mass production of _37_ luxury items as cars. Actually, two_38_ factors also contributed a lot to helping the people of the United States take cars into _39_ life-low oil price and _40_(drive) roads. (to be continued)(4)As cars grew in_31_ (popular) in the United States, they not only changed peoples lifestyle but also the_32_ they thought. Traditionally, parents were the strongest role models for teenagers_33_ young people spent most of their time in and around the home when out of school. Nevertheless, _34_ they obtained their own driving license and had an easy_35_ to cars, they began to spend more time _36_ “cruising” with friends. _37_, they became _38_ likely to follow the behavior of their parents but _39_ of their peers. The term actually refers to the act of driving with the purpose of seeing others while_40_ (see).(5)Emily Post, a famous American writer, wrote a book on correct etiquette for peoples social behavior in the 1900s. _31_ this book enjoyed great popularity the_32_ it was published was because many people_33_ (raise) in “polite society” although they had struck it_34_ (rich) through the boom in the American economy just after the World War One. The book_35_( mean) to help these new upper-middle class people pass smoothly_36_ their new social circle turned_37_ to be a great success. Actually, it continued to _38_ (sell) well for the next 20 years. Ms. Post began writing a weekly advice column for newspapers and the column was published in papers _39_ the country. Ms. Post died in 1960, _40_ her book on etiquette is still published with occasional updates under the title The Emily Post Book of Etiquette. Americans continue to turn to this book for advice _41_ the proper behavior in a variety of social situations.( 6 ) Marilyn Monroe is certainly one of the most famous screen _ (actor) in the twentieth century and was known _ many as the Blonde Bombshell” and the “Sex Goddess of the Silver Screen”. However, it may come as a surprise _ this famous actress _won any major acting awards throughout her 15-year career in the movies. She was never even nominated for an Academy Award. Critics may not _(think) highly of this screen legends acting ability, but the huge number of fans who flocked to see her movies propelled her to _(famous) and fortune. Marilyn Monroe was actually born with the name Norma Jean Mortenson in 1926. _ a teenager, Monroe found a job in a parachute packing factory_ helped her break into show business. _, a photographer took and published some pictures _ the young Ms. Mortenson in a magazine, and this moved the young woman into modeling. When she was only sixteen she had a short_ (marry), lasting only four years. (to be continued)(7)_(hope) to move from modeling into acting, Monroe began trying out for acting jobs and finally she got a one-year contract_ Twentieth Century Fox, _ a casting director at the studios suggested that the young actress _ (change) her first name to Marilyn. However, even with the new contract, Ms. Monroes career _ an actress didnt get off to a flying start. She was only given small parts in several films which _(do) very well at the box office and the studio decided to drop the contract. _ no money and no work, the actress took an offer to let a photographer take pictures of her without any clothes _for a calendar. She _ ( pay) $50 for her work. Later, after she became famous, this calendar was published again, and it sold over a million copies. The nude photo in the calendar actually helped to increase Ms. Monroes popularity _(phrase) hurt it(TO BE CONTINUED)(8)In 1951, Ms. Monroe met a man who helped her get _ seven-year contract with the Twentieth Century-Fox again. The studio began putting the actress in movies_ (play) a “dumb blonde” and she became a hit. Over the next two years, she continued to play the _ role in six other movies. Then in 1953 she got her_ lead role in the movie Niagara. The movie had a so-so story, but it did well at the box office, which made her a shining star soon. _her career came to the highest point, Monroes private life was not quite_ successful. She had four marriages, all of which ended up_ divorce. Due to all this, her addiction _ alcohol and sleeping pills began to destroy her career gradually. Actually she_ (fire) when she was working on the last movie. Two months later, she was found dead_ an overdose in her apartment(9)Almost everyone accepts the fact that crime can never _ (wipe) out entirely. _, control of crime becomes the focus of police and governments around the world. The question lawmakers must answer is “_system of criminal punishment works best for society?” Each country has developed_ own idea for solutions to this question, and these solutions then determine_ criminals are punished under different systems. However, none of the current systems_ use has proven 100 percent _ (effect). There are many ideas _( regard) punishment of criminals. As well as working only to frighten criminals away from repeating a crime in the future, some systems try to deter others in society by using the criminal as an example of _ can happen to a person if he or she is caught committing crimes. The goal of these systems _ to return a former criminal to society _a period of treatment and training, usually in prison. (10)The purpose of laws is to help people behave themselves and become law-abiding citizens. The _severe form of all punishment is capital punishment used in extreme criminal cases, sometimes involving_ crimes as murder, rape and violent_ (thief). In these cases, the person is put_ death. Today capital punishment is used in relatively few countries. Many countries have done away with _. When looking at the number of crimes _ (commit), the effectiveness of any of these forms of punishment comes into_. In the United States, for example, 80 percent of the people arrested are young men or boys. Generally, _ young have less responsibility in society, so they risk losing _ if they are caught in a criminal activity. However, it can also be argued that todays youthful criminals _( fear) the punishment they willreceive _caught by police. In this sense, _, current criminal punishment doesnt serve the _ of deterring young criminals in the United States. A major problem _ the current system of rehabilitation in the United States is that most criminals return to _ after they have supposedly been rehabilitated. Two thirds of those caught by police each year are repeat criminals. As a _ of this fact, many people feel that rehabilitation of criminals is a _ (lose) cause. (11)The tango is a dance_ (originate) in Argentina sometime around the last half of the 19th century. Around 1870, Argentina experienced _ economic boom, _ this boom was felt especially in the city of Buenos Aires. As a consequence, farmers and ranchers, also_ gauchos in Argentina, rushed into the city hoping to find jobs in the slaughterhouses and the meatpacking industry. _these jobs didnt pay well, the gauchos felt lonely and frustrated_ their new life in the city. A flood of immigrants _ Spain and Italy also came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs. When the restless gauchos and new immigrants mixed together in the poor parts of the city, the dance known as the tango_. Through the _, these people were able to show a small portion of their_ troubles. (12) _(write) records indicate that in 1153 B.C, workers in the city of Thebes, Egypt protested receiving the same food every day as well as their overall rough working _. This was the first recorded _ (agree) between labor and management. About 800 years later, the first strike happened. A_ (Greece) named Aristos, led the strike in Rome _ his master in protest of meal breaks which were too_. The tradition of organizing workers to protest _(fair) conditions has continued to the present. Today labor unions stand up_ the rights of workers using_ (collect) bargaining techniques. These unions, _ (exist) all around the world, take two basic forms-voluntary unions and bureaucratic unions. (13)Voluntary or free unions leave the choice of_ (member) up to individuals. Not _must join the union, but enough people do join so that the union keeps power in the workplace. The _ of this type of union is to establish a good living standard for _(employ) and also to protect this standard during times of economic _(difficult). Countries _this type of union is popular include most of western Europe, Ireland, the United Stated, Canada and so on. Membership in bureaucratic unions is also voluntary, but_ these unions are closely connected _ political parties in the countries where these unions operate, members of the party naturally include _ as members of the union. This type of unions main purpose is to set up good relations _the _ (rule) government and members of the union. Political and social reform are the main goal of this type of union. Bureaucratic unions are found in Latin American and some Asian and _(Africa) countries. (14) For thirteen centuries Buddhism has been the _(lead) religion in Thailand, _the sculpture of Thailand shows in the_ (count) images of Buddha found around the country. The anatomical features of Buddhist sculpture came _actual physical characteristics of the Buddha, yoga traditions and literature. The majority of images _ runs across in Thailand show the Buddha sitting. _ all the sculptures , the Emerald Buddha stands out _ one of the most sacred images in Thailand. This_ (seat) image of the Buddha is 66CM in height, _(carve) from green jade and kept in the Temple of the Emerald Buddha in Bangkok. The dress of the Emerald Buddha is changed _times a year according to the seasons-summer, winter and the rainy season. (15) Most think of the computer _ a relatively new invention, but the history of computers may be said to have begun _ the use of abacus. _ early computing device was the calculating clock_ (invent) by Wihelm Schickard of Germany in the 1500s. Due to the _(lose) of the plans and model for the device in the Thirty Years War in Europe, the design_( know ) to historians until sketches and letters _(describe) the device were discovered in the 1930s. The first real _in computer technology came in the 1940s _Charles Baggage of England hit on _ idea of using punch cards as a programming device for his calculating machine designed_ (measure) the tide. Mr. Baggage _the idea of punch cards from a similar system used in early sewing machines which sewed patterns onto cloth table_ (cover). Mr. Baggage died _ a working version of his machine could be made, _ his dream machine was never produced. _, his idea for using punch cards in calculating machines was later taken up by Herman Hollerith of the United States.(16)The next big step in computer technology occurred in the 1940s when electronic switches in calculating machines began _ (use). _the switches only had two positions, on and _, binary(二进制) became the new system of programming. Advances came quickly after that. The first generation of computers involved large commercial computers used_ business and research, _, lasting from 1952 to 1958, were big and noisy and used large_ of energy, The _ of transistors led the way for the next generation of computers, namely the_ generation, lasting from 1959 to 1963. These were smaller in size and used _ energy. The _between the third and the fourth generations is not clear, but fourth generation computers used integrated circuit technology and microprocessors (17) Since the early 1970s, the computer market_ (see) very large growth. _ study in 1970 found that in the United States alone about 80,000 computers _ (use) in business and another 30,000 computers could be found in use _(world) outside of the United States. _the early 1990s, many people had owned personal computers in their homes. In 1993, the _of computers being used in the United States exploded to 29 million. _the whole world has benefited a lot from the advance of computer technology, one advancement in computers has actually been _. In 1982, Jim Hauser, a professor at California Polytechnic State