except_,besides,except_for,but_之间的区别及例句.doc

except ,besides,except for,but 之间的区别及例句这四个介词或者短语都可以表示“除了”的意思。但except仅表示“除了”，排除在外，后面可以接that，what，when等引导的从句；而besides表示“除了还有”的意思，表示包含在内；except for表示“除了”，它引出一个与前面的词相反的原因或者事例；but的意思与except接近，它主要与某些不定代词如nothing，all，anything， no one，anyone等连用。例如： Except for one old lady, the bus was empty. 公共汽车上要不是坐了一位老太太就是空的。 She can do everything except cook. 除了做饭之外她什么都会。 He had considered everything except the weather. 他什么都想过,唯独没考虑到天气。 I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers. 除了在报上读到的以外,我对这件事一无所知。 Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bike except when it rains.除了雨天,大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。 Besides milk and cheese, we need vegetables.除了牛奶和干酪外，我们还需要蔬菜。Besides football, I like playing basketball and table tennis. 除了足球以外，我还喜欢打篮球和乒乓球。 No one but me passed the exam yesterday. 昨天除了我以外没别人考及格。Nobody but Li Ming talked to Lao Wang today. 除了李明，今天没有人跟老王说话。用法习题：1. No one knew Mr Besons address _ his daughter. A. except B. excepts C. only D. besides 2. Do you know any other foreign language _ English? A. except B. but C. beside D. besides 3. I know nothing about the young lady _ she is from Beijing. A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides 析:Key:1. A 2. D 3. C一、except的用法-排除式 except意为只有除外;除去,后跟名词或代词作宾语,强调从整体中除去部分,即except后的部分不包括在整体之内。因此,常和all, everything, no one, nothing等词一起使用。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的是同类项。例如: 1. All of them went out for a walk _ John. A. besides B. except C. beside D. excepts 2. Everyone is here _ Xiao Wang and me. A. except B. besides C. beside D. excepts 析:Key:1. B 2. A。因除去的与保留的是同类项,且1、2题中有信息词All、Everyone。 二、except for/that的用法-排除否定式 except 除后跟名词、代词作宾语外,还可跟介词,也可跟从句。 (1)except for.是除了因为;要不是;除去一点外的意思,表示对一个人或事物,先做一个整体评价,然后再就局部提出一点看法。即一部分被肯定,另一部分被否定,这就是所谓的排除否定式。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的不是同类项。例如: 1. It was dark in the city _ a few weak lights. A. except for B. except C. besides D. but for 2. Your composition is very good _ a few spelling mistakes. A. except that B. except for C. besides D. beside 析:Key: 1. A 2. B。因为除去的与保留的不是同类项,故选except for。 (2)except that. 也是除去一点外的意思,但应注意恰当地使用引导词。若从句句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that。例如: 1. The suit fitted him well _ the colour was a little brighter. A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides 析:Key:B。本题题意为除色彩艳了一点儿外,这套衣服很适合他,从句the colour was a little brighter句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that,故选except that。 2. -Can you tell me all about the earthquake? -Sorry,I know nothing about it _ I read in the newspaper. A. except B. except for C. except what D. except that 析:Key:C。因从句中read为及物动词,且其后无宾语,故选except what。 3. Mr Green usually goes to work by bus _ it rains. A. besides B. except when C. except what D. beside 析:Key:B。由于it rains为从句,故排除A、D,且rains为不及物动词,不需要宾语,故排除C。except when 意为除了当的时候。 (3)except for与except that有时可互相转换。例如: 1. Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. =Your composition is very good except that there are a few spelling mistakes. 2. The village is very quiet except for some birds singing in the woods. =The village is very quiet except that there are some birds singing in the woods. 三、besides的用法-包括式 besides相当于as well as,意为除了以外还有,即除去一部分还有另外一部分的意思,表示besides 后面的部分包括在整体之内。例如: 1. Does John know any other foreign language _ French. A. except B. but C. besides D. beside析:Key:C。由本题中的信息词any other foreign language,可知选besides。 四、but的用法-排除式 but是除了以外的意思,相当于except。 (1)but后也可以接名词或代词作宾语。例如: 1. They all went to the park _ Mike and me. A. besides B. except for C. but D. beside 析:Key: C。因为all是信息词,且they与Mike and me是同类项,根据句意应选C。 (2)but常与下列词连用:a.否定词no one, none, nothing等; b.疑问词who, what等; c.不定代词all, everyone等。例如: 1. Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.这个计划只能招灾惹祸,别无益处。 2. Who but Tom would do such a thing?除了汤姆以外还有谁愿意干这种事? (3)but后可接动词不定式。注意:当but前面有实义动词do以及其相应形式作谓语动词时,则其后跟不带to的动词不定式,反之加to。例如: 1. David could do nothing but _ his teacher yesterday afternoon. A. help B. helped C. helping D. to help 析:key:A。do nothing but.后应接动词原形,意为除做外什么也不做。 注意:but for是要不是;没有的意思,常用于虚拟语气。例如: But for your help, I would have failed. 要是没有你的帮助, 我早就失败了。 此外：apart from也可表示此意，其用法相当与besides, except for1. except和besides都可解作“除之外” 但含义不同。except 表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分”，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的。besides表示“除了之外，还有”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，表示递加的概念，含义是肯定的。试比较： We all went except him. 除他之外，我们都去了。(他没有去)We all went besides him. 除他之外，我们大家也都去了。(他也去了)(1)besides常与othermoreelse等词连用 ，except常与alleveryeveryonenonenobodyeverythingnothing等总括词连用。eg. He had other people to take care of besidesme.All the students in Class One went to the cinema except Li Ping.(2)若句中没有实义动词do的某种形式，except后接动词不定式，而besides后接动词的-ing形式。eg.I had no choice except to obeybesides obeying his order.(3)若句中有实义动词do的某种形式，二者后面都可以接动词原形。eg.She has nothing to do exceptbesides go with him.(4)二者后面都可以接从句。eg.Besides that he explained the theory he gave us some examples.He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.(5)except后面可接for(构成短语except for)或其他介词短语，而besides不能。except for主要有三层含义：表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正主要意思的作用。eg.Your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes.表示非同类事物进行比较。eg.The street is empty except for several cars.置于句首，表达except的含义。eg.Except for this,everything is in order.except for后接名(代)词，可以转移为except从句或其他介词短语。eg.The climate here is good except for some rainy days.(except when it rains；except that it sometimes rains；except on the rainy days)注意：二者用于否定句时含义相同，意思是一样的。eg. He did nothing besides (except) this.除这件事外，他什么事也没做。2. apart from兼有besides和except for两种含义，后接名词、代词或动名词。3. but含义与except相同，都表示递减的概念，二者在多数情况下可以互换，但用法稍有区别。except可以代替but，但but并不一定都可以代替except，如果句中有no、all、nobody、who、where等不定代词或疑问词时，多用but；后跟宾语从句时，多用except。but for含义有时与except for相同，但主要表示“要不是”，常用于虚拟句，表示一种假设。but位置的变化会引起人称代词主、宾格的变化。No one but I (except me) knows it.No one knows it but me (except me).4. other than含义与exceptbut相同，都表示从总体中除去一部分，后接名词、代词或不定式。eg.In that case there is nothing you can do other than wait. (2001年上海春季高考题)Practice1. I know nothing about the young ladyshe is from Beijing.(2000年上海高考题)A. except B. except forC. except that D. besides2. The suit fitted him wellthe colour was a little brighter.(2000年上海春季高考题)A. except for B. except thatC. except when D. besides3. He did have nothing to eat but.A. to steal some food from the shopB. to rob some food of the shopC. steal some food from the shopD. rob some food of the shop4. Jane was quite alone in the worldan aunt in Brazil.A. except B. except forC. besides D. instead of5.being a little large the hat looks nice.A. Apart from B. ExceptC. But D. Besides for6. In no countryBritain can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.A. other than B. anything thatC. more than D. rather than7. He gets up early every daySunday.A. besides B. except forC. except that D. except8. We need fifteen more peopleour team to do the job.A. besides B. except forC. except that D. exceptKey 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A6. A 7. D 8.A（山东省沂南一中 魏作雷 李瑞云）表示“除了以外”的介词 besides, except, except for, but, apart from 等。 1) besides 表示“除 以外，（还，也）”，相当于 in addition to. 例如: Besides English, they also study math, physics and chemistry 除了英语以外，他们还学习数学，物理和化学。 注意: 不要将besides和beside 混淆。beside是“在旁边”的意思。 2) except 表示“除外，（其余都）”，常与all，every，no, none, nothing 等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。 except 是英语中少数用法最为活跃的介词之一, 其后除了可跟名（代）词外， 还可跟另一介词短语、动词不定式短语或 that 引导的从句 。例如: He answered all the questions except the last one. 除了最后一个问题外，所有的问题他都回答了。 I went nowhere except to the library. 除了图书馆以外，我哪儿都没有去。 试比较: We all went except him. 除了他（没去）以外,我们都去了。 Three others also went besides him. 除了他（去了）以外， 还去了三个人。注 except 与 except for区别 except for 也表示“除 以外”，但是和 except 不同的是: 与 except 连用的整体词和 except 所跟的词常常是同类的，是指整体除去一部份; 而与 except for 连用的整体词与 except for 所跟的词往往不是同类的，是指整体中除去 一个细节。例如: Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了几处拼写错误以外， 你的作文写得很好。 Except for an old lady, the bus was empty. 除了有一个老太太以外， 这辆公共汽车是空的。 3) apart from 表示“除 之外”。根据上、下文的不同，它既可用作 besides, 也可用作 except 和 except for。例如: Apart from them, I had no one to talk to. （= except） 除了他们以外， 我没有人说话。 Apart from other considerations, time is also a factor. (=besides） 除了别的考虑之外，时间也是一个因素。 (It is) Good work apart from a few slight faults. (= except for） 除了几个小毛病以外，这是一篇佳作。 介词besides，except，except for，but，apart from 和 in addition to 在用法上有何区别？ besides 和 in addition to 同义，表示“除之外(还)”。但是，当与nothing，nobody或no one等否定意义的不定代词连用时，beside