八年级英语下册 Unit 7 International Charities Grammar课件 （新版）牛津版.ppt

unit7internationalcharities grammar 被动语态如 wecleantheclassroomeveryday 我们每天都打扫教室 theclassroomiscleaned byus everyday 教室每天都被 我们 打扫 语态是动词的一种形式 表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系 英语的动词有两种语态 即主动语态 theactivevoice 与被动语态 thepassivevoice 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 wecallthegardentheslenderwestlake thegardeniscalledtheslenderwestlake activevoice主动语态 s v o passivevoice被动语态 s v 判断下面的句子属于主动语态还是被动语态 1 theymaketrainsinzhuzhou trainsaremadeinzhuzhou 2 thefarmersgrowcottoneveryyear cottonisgrownbythefarmerseveryyear thisbookwasboughtbymyfather myfatherboughtthisbook 主动语态 主动语态 被动语态 被动语态 主动语态 被动语态 theycleantheriver peoplebuildmanybuildingsinthecity manybuildingsarebuiltinthecitybypeople 主动语态 被动语态 被动语态句子的谓语部分由助动词be 动词的过去分词 其中 助动词be来体现时态的变化 subject be done theriver iscleaned bythem whentousethepassivevoice weusethepassivevoicewhen itisobviouswhoperformstheaction 动作的执行者是显而易见的 不需要说明 englishisspokeninbritain americaandsomeothercountries thenewtypeofwashingmachinesissoldinthisshop wedonotknowordonotneedtoknowwhoperformstheaction 不知道或者没有必要说出动作的执行者 hiscomputerisstolen lettersarecollectedateighteverymorning tablescanbemadeofstone theactionismoreimportantthanthepersonwhoperformstheaction 强调动作或者动作的承受者 thelivesofthepatientswitheyeproblemsareimproved homeworkmustbehandedinontimeeveryday 1 theymakeshoesinthatfactory 主语 及物动词 宾语 shoesaremade bythem inthatfactory 一般现在时态的被动语态构成 s 主语 am is are 过去分词 thedoorisopenedbyher manytreesbyhim areplanted am is are 被动结构 一般现在时的被动结构 sbam is are not donesth 改为疑问句时 把am is are提前 shewaterstheflowerseveryday theflowers everyday arewatered byher heplaysbasketballeveryweek basketballisplayedbyhimeveryweek theydotheirhomeworkafterschool theirhomeworkisdonebythemafterschool 主动语态变被动语态的步骤 1 主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 2 主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构 3 主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语 由by引出 当不强调动作的执行者时 常省略 e gmanypeoplespeakenglish 口诀 主变宾 宾变主 谓语动词用bedone 把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子 1 theyspeakenglishincanada englishisspoken bythem incanada 2 peopleusewoodformakingtables woodisusedformakingtables bypeople 3 theymakecomputersintheusa computeraremadeintheusa bythem 4 theygrowriceinsouthchina rice riceisgrowninsouthchina bythem 2 iboughtacomputerlastterm acomputerwasbought byme lastterm 一般过去时态的被动语态的构成 was were 及物动词的过去分词 manybookswerewrittenbyhim thegroundbyhimjustnow wascleaned was were 被动结构 一般过去时的被动结构 sbwas were not donesth 改为疑问句时 把was were提前 theflowerswerewateredbyhim hewateredtheflowersthismorning thelightwasinventedbythomasedison thomasedisoninventedthelight theyhadaneveningpartylastweek aneveningpartywashadlastweek thegreatwallwasbuiltbychinesepeoplemanyyearsago chinesepeoplebuiltthegreatwallmanyyearsago 把下列句子变成被动语态的句子 1 theyplantedthesetreesonweekends thesetrees onweekends 2 theworkersbuiltthebridgein1968 builtbytheworkersin1968 3 peopleinvitedyaomingtoplaybasketballintheusa yaoming to basketballintheusa 4 ibmproducedthisnewtypeofcomputer thisnewtypeofcomputer byibm wereplanted thebridgewas wasinvitedplay wasproduced isusedeveryday useeveryday thecomputer play often isoftenplayed football areplantedeveryyear thetrees iscleanedeveryday theblackboard cleaneveryday buildings build lastyear thethief catch yesterday thethiefwascaughtbythepoliceyesterday thetallbuildingswerebuiltlastyear 主动语态转化为被动语态口诀主变宾 宾变主 谓变bedone 时不变 be 要随着主语变 把主动语态变为被动语态 1 peoplegrowriceinmanypartsofchina 2 sheheldacharityshowyesterday riceisgrownbypeopleinmanypartsofchina acharityshowwasheldbyher 3 peopleusuallypostchristmascardsindecember 4 weboughtsomecomputerslastweek christmascardsareusuallypostedbypeopleindecember somecomputerswereboughtbyuslastweek practice 1 womenoftentalkaboutclothes clothes often aboutbywomen 2 dotheymakethiskindofbusinnanjing thiskindofbus innanjing 3 theyusebroomsforsweepingthefloor brooms forsweepingthefloor 4 theybuiltmanytallbuildingsintheirhometownlastyear manytallbuildings intheirhometownlastyear aretalked ismade areused werebuilt 将下列句子改成主动或被动语态 1 workersusemetalformakingmachines 2 manypeoplespeakenglish 3 thestudentscleanedtheclassroom 4 mysistertookthesephotosonthegreatwall metalisusedformakingmachines englishisspokenbymanypeople theclassroomwascleanedbythestudents thesephotosweretakenonthegreatwall 5 thissongisoftensung 用thegirl做主语 6 thedictionarymustbetakengoodcareof 用you作主语 7 ashortplaywillbeputonfortheenglishevening 用he作主语 hewillputonashortplayfortheenglishevening youmusttakegoodcareofthedictionary thegirloftensingsthesong 用所给动词的被动语态填空 1 yourroom clean everyday 2 ourclassroom notclean yesterday 3 bothofthetwobooks lose lastsunday 4 thestudents ask tohandintheirhomeworkontimeeveryday 5 whenthiskindofcomputer make inhongkong in2000 iscleaned wasn tcleaned werelost areasked was made 抓关键词确定时态 用动词的被动语态填空 english speak bymanypeople thetrees plant bythem thatbuilding build twoyearsago thiskindofcomputer make inchina thegames sell inmayshops isspoken wereplanted wasbuilt ismade aresold theclass1 grade8studentsaretalkingaboutthedifferentthingspeoplecandoforthepoor lookatthepicturesandhelpthemcompletetheirnotesusingthewordsinbracketsandthepassivevoice addthewordbywhennecessary areplannedtohelpthepoor whattheydoeveryyear 1 charityactivities plan tohelpthepoor arehandedouttopeople leaflets handout topeopleinthestreet volunteers inthestreetbyvolunteers toysandcds sell toraisemoney aresoldtoraisemoney whattheydidlastweek newbooks send tochildreninpoorareas theclass1 grade8students weresenttochildreninpoor areasbytheclass1 grade8students warmclothes collect forpoorpeople werecollectedforpoorpeople acharityshow hold thestudents union washeldbythestudents union amyanddanielaretalkingaboutcharities completetheirconversationwiththewordsinbracketsusingthepassivevoice amy i mreadingabookaboutoxfam daniel really pleasetellmeaboutit amy ok oxfam setup intheukin1942 andthefirstoxfamshop open in1948 nowithasabout15 000shopsinallovertheworld alotofthings sell inoxfamshops includingbooks themoney use byoxfamtohelppoorpeople wassetup wasopened aresold isused daniel that sgood therearealsosomecharityprojectsinchina oneofthem call projecthope it start in1989 withitshelp millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry give basiceducation iscalled wasstarted aregiven amy yea manyschools build inpoorareaseachyear arebuilt 3 theywillfinishtheworkintendays theworkwillbefinished bythem intendays 一般将来时 s will be 过去分词 4 amycantakegoodcareoftina ginacanbetakengoodcareofbyamy 情态动词 s can may must should be 过去分词 someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow 现在进行时 s am is are being 过去分词 wehavemadetwentymorekeys twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus 现在完成时 s have has been 过去分词 各种时态被动语态的结构 1 一般现在时态的被动语态结构 主语 am is are vt过去分词 2 一般过去时态的被动语态结构 主语 was were vt过去分词 3 含有情态动词的被动语态 主语 情态动词 be vt过去分词 5 现在进行时态的被动语态 主语 am is are being vt过去分词 6 过去进行时态的被动语态 主语 was were being vt过去分词 7 现在完成时态的被动语态 主语 have hasbeen vt过去分词 4 一般将来时的被动语态结构 主语 will shall begoingto be vt过去分词 1 感官动词 使役动词等在主动语态中后接零动词不定式变成被动语态时要加上 to 即 see hear noticesb dosth 变为了sb beseen heard noticedtodosth let make havesb dosth 变为了sb belet made hadtodosth theworkersaremadetoworkallday sheisoftenheardtosingintheroom thebossmakestheworkersworkallday ioftenhearhersingintheroom 使用被动语态的注意点 wesawthemplayingsocceroverthere heaskedmetobuysomesugar iwasaskedtobuysomesugar theywereseenplayingsocceroverthere 主动 seesb doinghearsb doingwatchsb doingnoticesb doingtellsb todowantsb todoasksb todo 被动 sb beseendoingsb behearddoingsb bewatcheddoingsb benoticeddoingsb betoldtodosb bewantedtodosb beaskedtodo givesb sth showsb sth makesb sth buysb sth begiventosb beshowntosb bemadeforsb beboughtforsb 主动 被动 2 含有双宾语的主动 被动转换 mymotherboughtmeanewcoat anewcoatwasboughtformebymymother 注意 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 习惯上把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语 如遇双宾语 最好变间宾 如若变直宾 间宾前加to for eg wegaveourteacherssomeflowers ourteachersweregivensomeflowers someflowersweregiventoourteachers iwasboughtanewcoatbymymother 3 主动语态中 动词 介词 或 动词 副词 的短语动词变为被动语态时 介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉 1 theylookafterthegirlwell 2 heoftenlaughsatthepoorboy thegirlislookedafterwellbythem thepoorboyisoftenlaughedatbyhim theysaidthathewouldcomebacksoon itwassaidthathewouldcomebacksoon 类似的还有 itis wasreported believed supposedthat 4 句型itis wassaidthat 据说 特殊句型的被动语态 2 据说我的家乡可能要建一条新公路 中考链接 itissaidthatanewroadwillbebuiltinmyhometown 几种不用被动语态的情况 1 不及物动词 vi 没有被动语态 直接用主动语态表示被动意义 如 happen cost die fall start begin rise appear disappear etc thiscomputercostme5 000yuan anaccidenthappenedtohimyesterday thepriceisrisingfastthesedays 2 一些短语动词相当于不及物动词 没有被动结构 直接用主动形式来表示被动意义 如 takeplace setout cometrue breakout breakdown comeout belongto等 ourschoolsportsmeetingwilltakeplacenextweek hisnewbookwillcomeoutnextmonth mybikehasbrokendown thatbookbelongstohim 3 系动词 linkingv 没有被动语态 seem look become get grow turn remain stay sound feel smell taste等 thefoodtastesdelicious hisideasoundsverygood theweatherisgettinghotterandhotter hernewdressfeelsverysoft 4 有些动词既是及物又是不及物 当他们与well badly easily等副词连用时表示主语内在品质或性能 无被动形式 如 theclothwasheseasily thepenwritessmoothly thenewproductsellswell 5 有些动词如need beworth用主动的形式表被动的含义 need want requiredoing need want requiretobedone thewatchneedsrepairing e g yourhairneedscutting 同义句 yourhairneedstobecut thebookisworthreading 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 thestudents tell totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs 2 vegetables eggsandfruits sell inthisshop 3 knives use forcuttingthings 4 footballs play bypeople 5 thefloor sweep bymysistereveryday 6 thetrees plant bythemlastyear aretold aresold areused areplayed isswept wereplanted 7 english speak bymanypeople 8 thatbuilding build twoyearsago 9 thiskindofcomputers make inchina 10 mywatch breakdown severaltimessofar 11 thoseflowerslookeverybeautiful yes they water bytheworkereveryday isspoken wasbuilt ismade hasbrokendown arewatered 12 treesandflowers plant everyyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful 13 when thebridge build twoyearsago 14 wewillflyakiteassoonasyourhomework finish 15 atrafficaccident happen yesterday 16 ihopethatyourdream come trueinthefuture areplanted wasbuilt isfinished happened willcome 17 whydidn tyougotojim sbirthdayparty oh i notinvite 18 when themeeting begin inhalfanhour 19 it notallow todriveafterdrinkingwine 20 whatdoyouwant sir couldyoutellmeifcomputers sell inthisshop 21 ourclassroom notclean yesterday willbegin wasn tinvited isn tallowed aresold wasn tcleaned 22 yourroom clean everyday 23 bothofthetwobooks lose lastsunday 24 thestudents ask tohandintheirhomeworkontimeeveryday 25 whenthiskindofcomputer make inhongkong iscleaned werelost areasked was made 1 youare totypequicklywhentalkingtoeachotheronqqsotheotherpersondoesn tgetbored a suggestedb supportedc taughtd supposed 2 look whatanoldpalace itlookssogreat yeah it nearly800yearsago wasbuildingb wasbuiltc hasbuiltd isbuilt 选择填空 3 hongkong tobeagoodplaceforshoppingtoday a knowsb knewc isknownd wasknown4 anothertwomonthswillbeneededbeforethenewbridge a completesb iscompletedc hascompletedd willbecompleted 5 everyyearlotsoftrees tomakeourcountrymorebeautiful a isplantedb wasplantedc areplantedd wereplanted6 mum canigotothezoowithlinda whenyourhomework youcan a isfinishedb wasfinishedc finishesd finished 7 theinternet inyourschool yes butthecomputerinourofficehasbrokendown a is usedb is usingc does used has used8 therewasabigearthquakeinjapan butluckilymanypeople a saveb savedc aresavedd weresaved 9 lastmonthanewlaw inchinatostoppeoplefromsmokinginpublicplaces a ismadeb makesc hadmaded wasmade10 lastweekend jack toabirthdaypartyandhehadalotoffun a inviteb wasinvitedc invitedd isinvited 11 todayenglish alloverchina a teachb teachesc istaughtd aretaught12 themeeting twoweeksago a holdb washeldc wereheldd isheld13 thethief bythepolicelastnight a caughtb iscaughtc wascaughtd werecaught 14 thephotos wheniwasyoung a weretakenb wastakenc aretakend istaken15 millieismybestfriend i often toherparty a isinvitedb aminvitedc areinvitedd wasinvited16 lastyearbeijing byabigsandstorm a ishitb werehitc willbehitd washit 17 youcangooutifyourhomework a isdoneb willdoc willbedoned arefinished18 wefoundtheground snow a coverwithb iscoveredwithc wascoveredwithd wascovering 动词填空 1 allthestudents ask tobringakitewiththemlastsunday 2 aremanyways try tostoppeoplefromcuttingdownsomanytrees 3 usuallythethunder hear afterthelightning 2009无锡中考 4 thiscoat wash well 9 6 sofarover1000englishwords learn bythem 7 hecouldn texplainwhydinosaurs 消失 8 i llhavemybike 修理 tomorrow 5 musttheoldpeople speak topolitely 10 wereasked tried isheard washes bespoken disappeared mended repaired thecomposition hand intomorrow silkisoftenusedformakingshirtsbecauseit soft feel havebeenlearned behanded feels 1 he oftenseen basketballintheplayground a was playb wastoplayc is playd is toplay2 doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou thisjob well i mthinkingabouttheworkingday a offerb willofferc areofferedd willbeoffered3 thestory inasmallmountainvillagelastyear a takesplaceb tookplacec wastakenplaced istakenplace4 thebook meahundredyuan a wascostb costc taked spend d c b b 5 itisreportedthatthemuseum inourcityin2015 a willbuiltb wasbuiltc willbebuiltd hasbuilt6 thisbook well youshouldgetonebeforethey a issold selloutb sold aresoldoutc sells aresoldoutd sell sellout7 thehouse tomygrandparents theyhavelivedthereforoverthirtyyears a isbelongb belongsc belongd belonged c c b thankyou 1 去年这个村子建了一座新木桥 2 每天早晨各种各样的蔬菜被人们用卡车运到城里 allkindsofvegetables tothecitiesbytruckseverymorning anewwoodbridge inthevillagelastyear wasbuilt arecarried translatethesentencesintoenglish 3 昨天有人给了我一支钢笔 4 昨晚我们听见这个男孩在隔壁房间唱歌 5 这艘轮船在大连生产 i apenyesterday theboy tosingthatsonginthenextroomlastnight thisship indalian washeard wasgiven isproduced exercises 把下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态 或把被动语态的句子变为主动语态 1 tomeoftenhelpsjennywhensheisintrouble jennyisoftenhelpedbytomwhensheisintrouble 2 iboughtacomputerlastweek acomputerwasboughtbymelastweek 3 thewholecakewaseatenbyeddieyesterday eddieatethewholecakeyesterday 4 manytreesareplantedbystudentsandteacherseveryyear studentsandteachersplantmanytresseveryyear 5 shetakesgoodcareofthechildren thechildrenaretakengoodcareofbyher 1 peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings knives forcuttingthings 2 thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth thewindowsoftheirclassroom twiceamonth areused are cleaned 变被动语态 七嘴八舌 1 peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings knives forcuttingthings 2 thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth thewindowsoftheirclassroom twiceamonth areused are cleaned 变被动语态 七嘴八舌 3 ifoundtheticketonthefloor onthefloor 4 itoldhertoreturnthebookintime she toreturnthebookintime theticketwasfound wastold 5 lastyearwebuiltalibraryinourschool alibrary inourschoollastyear 6 nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem nowcomputers tohelpthem wasbuilt canbe used 7 didyouplantmany