考研英语模拟题预测模拟913.doc

2011考研英语模拟考场(演练版)(七)Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank.The conception of poverty and what to (1) about it have changed over the decades. Under Social Darwinism the lazy and the (2) were supposed to be at the bottom of the economic ladder as (3) of the law of survival of the fittest. Society was (4) as a network of self-sufficient families which provided for their own. (5) persons outside a household (orphans, the (6) elderly, and the crippled ) were provided outdoor relief grudgingly and as a temporary expedient (权宜之计). Although it was (7) that the poor will always be with us, the individual was expected to improve himself (8) acts of his own will. Charity was thought to be the (9) of idleness. By keeping wages low, laborers would be (10) to work harder.At about the turn of the century, the beginning of concern about natural (11) brought uneasiness about the possible spread of beggary. There was a potentially dangerous class in (12) of disease and disorder. The poor were (13) as different from paupers Paupers were individuals well (14) to being on the low end of the socioeconomic (15) Without shame or bitterness, they would not seek independence and a (16) life. For the mountaineers, the subsistence dwellers, and some slum dwellers, the lack of wealth, (17) has been argued, reflects a preference not to pay the psychological costs of the struggle for fiches or of adopting the middle class work ethic of striving. In (18) , the worthy poor struggled to (19) their lot against circumstances beyond their control: low wages, sickness, industrial (20) , widowhood (孀居) and so on.1A find B do C work D deal2A inefficient B invalid C ineffective D inaccessible3A an effect B a result C an outcome D a consequence4A imagined B estimated C conceived D guessed5A Pity B Needy C Shabby D Greedy6A childless B childly C childlike D childish7A agreed B concurred C assented D consented8A through B by C with D on9A nurse B evil C patient D ward10A promoted B admired C encouraged D excited11A resource B source C origin D resources12A respects B terms C regards D views13A seen B noticed C watched D predicted14A admitted B adjusted C applied D adapted15A measure B scale C standard D scales16A poor B better C humble D miserable17A it B what C that D which18A analogy B contrast C comparison D contrary19A increase B enrich C improve D develop20AI accidents B incidents C events D disasters Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D Text 1Several years ago, at the height of the dotcom boom, it was widely assumed that a publishing revolution, in which the printed word would be supplanted by the computer screen, was just around the corner. It wasnt: for many, there is still little to match the joy of reading a printed book and settling down for one hour. But recently some big technology companies, including Google, Amazon, Microsoft and Yahoo, contend that the dream of bringing books online is still very much alive.The digitizing of thousands of volumes of print is not without controversy. On Thursday, Google, the world s most popular search engine, posted a first installment of books on Google Print. This collaborative effort between Google and several worlds leading research libraries aims to make books available to be searched and read online free of charge. Although the books included so far are not covered by copyright, the plan has attracted the rage of publishers.Five large book firms are suing Google for violating copyright on material that it has scanned and, although out of print, is still protected by law. Google has said that it will only publish short extracts from material under copyright unless given express permission to publish more, but publishers are unconvinced. Ironically, many publishers are collaborating with Google Print Publisher, which aims to give readers an online taste of books that are commercially available. The searchable collection of extracts and book information is intended to tempt readers to buy the complete books online or in print form.Amazon, the worlds largest online retailer, has made plans to enter the mass e-book market by selling a vast array of goods. Given that Google should impinge upon its central territory, Amazon revealed that it would introduce two new services. Amazon Pages will allow customers to search for key terms in selected books and then buy and read online whatever part they wish. Amazon Upgrade will give customers online access to books they have already purchased as hard copies. Customers are likely to have to pay five cents a page, with the bulk going to the publisher.Microsoft has also joined the online-book trend. In October, the software giant said it would spend around $ 200 million to digitize texts, starting with I50,000 that are in the public domain, to avoid legal problems. It will do so in collaboration with the Open Content Alliance. And on Thursday, coincidentally the same day as Google and Amazon announced their initiatives, Microsoft released details of a deal with the British Library, the countrys main reference library, to digitize some 25 million pages ; these will be made available through MSN Book Search, which will be launched next year.21What is the text talking about?A The goods of Google.B The differences between books printed and books online.C Some big technology companies bring plans on the e-books.D The publishers dont agree with the e-books plan.22Which of the following is true of Google according to the text?A It will invariably provide free online reading for its customers.B It has become the worlds most popular book publisher.C It facilitates books reading and searching to a larger extent.D It has gained permission to publish the complete books online.23What is the controversial point between the publishers and the technology companies?A The publishers hope they can offer books of top quality.B The publishers hope they can respect copyright of original books.C The publishers hope they can provide the comments.D The publishers hope they can digitize as many books as possible.24Which of the plan does NOT belong to Microsoft?A Prepare to invest $ 200 million on the e-books.B Cooperate with the British Library to digitize some 25 million pages.C Introduce some new services to Amazon.D Launch the MSN Book Search next year.25Which is the best title for the text?A A Publishing RevolutionB Amazon, the Largest Online RetailerC Online Books, a Prospering ServiceD Competition between Publishers and Net Companies Text 2Roger Rosenblatts book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayles recent work, for example, judges the value of Black Fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds.Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatts literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black Fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.Writing acceptable criticism of Black Fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors? Second, how does Black Fiction make itself distinct from other modem fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that Black Fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by Black over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly white culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it.Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatts thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity ; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works - yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomers Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnsons Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.26 The author of the text is primarily concerned withA evaluating the soundness of a work of criticismB comparing various critical approaches to a subjectC discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticismD summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism27 The author of the text believes that Black Fiction would have been improved had RosenblattA evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects of Black FictionB attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories by Black authorsC explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Black Fiction throughout its historyD assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzes thematically28The authors discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as_.A pedantic and contentiousB critical but admiringC ironic and deprecatingD argumentative but unfocused29The author of the text employs all of the following in the discussion of Rosenblatts book EXCEPT_.A rhetorical questionsB specific examplesC comparison and contrastD definition of terms30The author of the text refers to James Weldon Johnsons Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man most probably in order to_.A point out affinities between Rosenblatts method of thematic analysis and earlier criticismB clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in the passageC qualify the assessment of Rosenblatts book made in the first paragraph of the passageD give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenblatts work Text 3The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the how to aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the how to material is based on personal experiences and general impression. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical (经验的) aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analysis and even study, as this book indicates.31The main idea of the first paragraph is thatA generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalismB concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewingC importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewingD personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews32Much research has been done on interviews in general_.A but journalistic interviewing as specific field has unfortunately been neglectedB though the study of the interviewing techniques hasnt received much attentionC so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthenedD and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing33Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview, _.A but most of them wish to stay away from itB and many of them hope to be interviewed some dayC but most of them may not have been interviewed in personD and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it34Who is the interviewee in a clinical interview?A The psychologist.B The physician.C both A and B.D The patient.35The passage is most likely a part ofA a news articleB a prefaceC a research reportD a journalist interview Text 4Despite the fact that comets are probably the most numerous astronomical bodies in the solar system aside from small meteor fragments and the asteroids, they are largely a mystery. Scientists do not know exactly what comets are or where they come from. Educated guesses are the best we have in hand.Considering the role of comets in legend and the memory of man, it is remarkable that we still know so little, relatively, about them. The most famous comet of all, Halleys Comet ( named for the man who predicted its return), was first sighted by the Chinese in 240 BC, and it has returned to terrify the people of the world on a regular basis every since then. The ancient considered it an object of ill omen. By mysterious coincidence, the arrival of Halleys Comet coincided with such events as the battle of Hastings in 1066, the Jewish revolt of 66 AD, and the last battle of Attila the Hun against the Romans. Nor is it the only comet to fill man with awe, but merely the most famous in a rich aristocracy of blood-freezers.Comets are even more fascinating to amateur astronomers than to professionals, because this is one area where amateurs can make major discoveries. Comet Ikeya Seki, one of the brightest comets to appear in this century was discovered in 1965 by a pair of Japanese amateurs, Ikeya and Seki. The person who discovers a new comet gets his (or her) name put on it. And amateurs have a head start in the race to discover new comets; the shorter focal lengths on their smaller telescopes give them a positive advantage over the huge telescopes such as Mount Wilson which is built to scan for galaxies, not comparatively short distances.Most scientists tend to agree with astronomer Fred T. Whipple that a comet is really a large mushy snowball of frozen ices and gases ( ammonia, methane, possibly carbon dioxide) with a few bits of solid particles stuck inside. But no one is sure how comets are created in the first place.Scientist believe that comets dont exhibit their characteristic tail while they lurk fat out in space away from the warmth of the sun but, rather, wander in the form of frozen lumps, like icebergs. This is the core of the comets. Only when the comet approaches the heat of the sun, does the ice begin to melt and stream away in the form of visible gases. The tails of the comets stream out behind for, literally, astronomical distances. Halley Com