【志鸿优化设计】2014届高考英语一轮复习 语法专题 数词和主谓一致 外研版.doc

语法专题十数词和主谓一致一、数词数词分为两种：基数词（表示数目）和序数词（表示顺序）。考点一dozen与score的用法1dozen（一打，十二），score（二十）与具体数词或与many，several 等连用时，后不加s，所修饰的名词前常省去of。如：two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋，many dozen pencils好多打铅笔；dozen，score的复数形式后接of时，表示“许多”，是概数。如：dozens of eggs几十个鸡蛋，scores of pencils几十支铅笔。此外，有“数词scoreof名词”这种用法。如：two score of eggs 40个鸡蛋，three score of people 60个人。2当所修饰的名词之前有限定词these，those，my，your等或是修饰人称代词宾格them，us，you时，这时需要加of。如：two dozen of these pens，three score of them。考点二分数的表达法分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于1，则分母用复数。如：onefourth（a quarter）1/4 twofifths 2/5Twothirds of the money was spent on food.考点三年龄的表达法表示某人的确切年龄，用“基数词years old”或者“at the age of基数词”，也可直接用基数词；表示某人几十多岁时，用“in ones逢十的基数词的复数（如tens，twenties，thirties等）”来表达。She is still in her twenties.她才二十几岁。考点四年代的表达法表示“几十年代”时，在阿拉伯数字后加s或s。My grandpa was born in 1910s.二、主谓一致谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。“语法一致”也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词亦为复数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。“就近一致”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致。考点一谓语动词用单数的情况1主语为表示时间、距离、金钱、度量、容量、书名等整体概念的名词时。Ten miles is not a long way for me.2由and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语，前面由不定代词every/each/no修饰时。Every student and every teacher is in the classroom.3and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，因而两个名词共用一个冠词时。The writer and artist has come.Bread and butter is her favourite food.4the number of复数名词作主语时。The number of professors present at the meeting is 1800.5动名词（短语）、不定式、从句等作主语时。What he said is very important for us all.6one and a half复数名词；more than one单数名词；many a单数名词作主语时。More than one student has gone to Beijing.7“the形容词”表示一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数。The new is sure to replace the old.考点二谓语动词用复数的情况1有些集合名词，如：clothes，cattle，folk，people，police，poultry（家禽）等作主语，后面的谓语动词多用复数形式。The police are searching for the murderer.2“the形容词或分词”表示某一类人时动词用复数。The old are living a happy life now.3由and或both.and.连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式（不可数名词同样）。Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop.考点三谓语动词单复数视情况而定1集合名词如：group，family，class，government，team，public，enemy，crowd，audience，club，party，crew等作主语时，如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，如果侧重其成员，谓语动词用复数形式。The family which is not big like watching football games.2主语是单复数同形的名词如：deer，sheep，fish，series，species，means，works，aircraft等时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。A new means has been used by our government.Many means have not come into effect.3代词none，neither，all等作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于所指代的内容。All our hope has gone.All the students have come on time.4population表示“人口”，即一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，它作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。The population of Canada is about 29 million.Eighty percent of the population in this country are farmers.考点四“名词（或代词）介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致1有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语，该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly.2当主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，accompanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数要与它们前面的主语取得一致。The singer together with his agent has arrived.考点五“名词（或代词）of名词”作主语时的主谓一致1由“some，plenty，a lot，lots，most，the rest，all，half，part或分数、百分数of名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。一般来说，如果of后面所接名词为复数形式，谓语动词为复数；如果of后面所接名词为单数形式或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式。 About one third of the books are well worth reading.Over 30% of the work has been finished.2由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名词of this kind”等，以及type，sort，part，piece，section，pair等构成的同类型短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。This kind of animals is dangerous.Animals of this kind are dangerous.3“a large amount of不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。“large amounts of不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。“a large quantity of不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。“a large quantity of复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。“large quantities of不可数名词/复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。“a good/great deal of不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market.考点六就近原则1由or，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also.等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，采用就近一致原则，即谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Not only his family but also he likes Chaplins movies.Are either you or your brother going to the party?2there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。There are some envelopes and paper for you.考点七定语从句中的主谓一致1在定语从句里，关系代词that，who，which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Those who have seen the film please put up your hands.2“one of复数名词定语从句”结构中，从句中谓语动词要用复数形式。Tom is one of the boys who have gone abroad.3“the only one of复数名词定语从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.1（2012陕西高考）The basketball coach，as well as his team，_ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.Awere BwasCis Dare2（2012湖南高考）All the scientific evidence _ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ damaging our health.Ashow；are Bshows；areCshow；is Dshows；is3（2011安徽高考）The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.Ais BareCwas Dwere4（2011湖南高考）Onethird of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people.Ais；are Bis；isCare；are Dare；is5（2011江苏高考）The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.Asuggest BsuggestsCsuggested Dsuggesting6（2013安徽皖南八校第二次联考）It is either he or you _in charge of the project and supposed to finish it punctually.Awho is Bthat isCwho are Dwhich are7（2013云南昆明摸底调研）The girl found the Tshirt sold online was_that in the supermarket.Aas half cheap as Bcheap as half asCthe half price of Dhalf the price of8（2013北京东城第二次联考）The basketball coach，as well as his team，_ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.Awere BwasCis Dare9（2013四川南充月考）The driver，_ the passengers，_ responsible for the accident.Amore than；are Brather than；isCother than；were Dless than；was10（2013陕西西安月考）My sister，as well as her classmates who _late for class，_criticized by Mr Hunt.Awere ；was Bwas；wereCwas；was Dwere；were11（2013河南开封模拟）_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.ATwo fifth；is BTwo fifths；areCTwo fifth；are DTwo fifths；is12Everyone，men and women，old and young _ sports and games.Ais enjoy Bwere enjoyingCenjoys Denjoy13Mayor as well as volunteer workers _ the newlybuilt stadium.Ais cleaning Bare cleaningCwere cleaning Dhave cleaned14Many a student _ something about Abraham Lincoln.Ahave known BknowsCis known Dare known15The public _ the best judge because the public always _ their thoughts.Aare；express Bis；expressCis；expresses Dare；expresses16The family as well as their dog _ on the roof by the flood.Awas trapped BtrappedCwere trapped Dtrapping17Cattle _ well in the country market at present，according to the evening news.Asell BsellsCis being sold Dwill be sold18All the furniture in my office _ made in Hong Kong.Ais BareCwere Dhad been19Every means _to prevent the water from _.Aare used；polluting Bget used；pollutionCis used；polluted Dhas been used；being polluted20Is it he or you _ in charge of the job?Awho is Bthat isCwho are Dwhom are21I think Class One _ to win because Class One _ all football lovers.Ais likely；areBare likely；areCis likely；isDare likely；is22Britain _ many other industrialized countries，_ major changes over the last 100 years.Atogether with；have experiencedBas well as；have experiencedCin common with；has experiencedDinstead of；has experienced23Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes_ sent to the disasterhit area since the powerful earthquake occurred.Ahas been Bhave beenCis being Dare being24What the children in the mountain village need _ good books.Ais BareChave Dhas25A teacher of English and head teacher _ us something about volunteer workers.Aare telling Bis tellingCare given Dwere given26Nothing but several glasses _ bought by my father the day before yesterday.Awas BwereChave been Dwould be27（2013广西桂林中学模拟）Its said that _ of the students _ absent.Athreefifth；areBthreefifths；isCthirdfifth；isDthreefifths；are28（2013湖南湘中名校联考）Not Jack，but you and I _to blame for the accident.We were so careless.Aam BisCare Dshould29（2013湖南湘中名校联考）What a lot of money！Is it meant for me?Yes，darling.If you get full marks in the exam，youll have _ that.Amore than twice thanBmore than twice as much asCtwice as much thanDas much twice as30（2013湖南重点中学月考）More than one doctor _ involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.Awere BwasCare Dis31（2013吉林油田高中摸底）The girl sitting by the window is the only one of the students who _ from the countryside in our class.Awas BwereCis Dare32（2013银川一中二次月考）Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and every girl in the area _ invited.Awere BwasChas been Dhave been参考答案 1Bas well as 连接两个并列的名词作主语时，根据其前面的名词来确定谓语动词的形式。句意：由于出色的表现，比赛结束不久，这位篮球教练和他的队员们接受了采访。由句意可知动作发生在过去，故选B项。2D第一个空的主语为不可数名词evidence，故其谓语动词要用单数shows；第二个空的主语为use，谓语动词也要用单数形式。句意：所有的科学证据都表明农业中对化学品日益增长的使用正损害我们的身体健康。故D项正确。3D句意：这家工厂用了65%的原材料，剩余的被作为它用。raw materials是先行词，which引导的定语从句中，the rest作主语；the rest作主语时，谓语的数由其后的名词而定，而whichraw materials，所以谓语要用复数形式；由主句中的时态可知，从句中要用一般过去时态。故选D项。4A“国家三分之一的领土”在概念上是单数，故系动词用单数；而 “国家公民的大多数”是复数，故系动词用复数。句意：这个国家三分之一的领土被树木覆盖且多数公民为黑人。故选A项。5B句意：目前许多人仍然在公共场所吸烟的事实表明我们需要开展一场全国范围的运动来提高人们对吸烟危险性的认识。分析句子结构可知，主语是the fact，其后的that引导的是同位语从句，因此主句的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，结合上下文时态可确定，此处用一般现在时。6Ceither.or.连接主语时，谓语动词要和临近的主语一致。先行词是you，故用are。7D句意：这个女孩发现网上卖的T恤衫是超市里卖的价格的一半。倍数的表达有三种方式：1）倍数asadj./adv.as被比对象，这一句型中，如果形容词修饰一单数可数名词，那么要把形容词提到冠词的前面来，即：倍数asadj.a/an单数可数名词as被比对象；2）倍数形容词或者副词的比较级than被比对象；3）倍数thesize/width/depth/length/heightof被比对象。这里考查的是第三种形式。8Bas well as连接的名词作主语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语一致。这里和the basketball coach一致，而且是过去时，故选B项。9B句意：是这个司机而不是乘客应为此次事故负责。名词rather than另一名词作主语时，谓语动词与第一个名词取得人称和数的一致。故B项正确。10A第一个空为定语从句中的谓语动词，修饰先行词classmates，为复数名词，故谓语动词要用复数形式；as well as 连接的两个名词作主语时谓语动词要与第一个取得一致，因此第二个空要用单数形式。故只有A项正确。11D句意：那个地区五分之二的陆地都被绿树草地所覆盖。twofifths表示“五分之二”，分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与of后的名词取得一致。land为不可数名词，故正确答案为D项。12C本句主语是不定代词everyone，表示单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。因此选择C项。13A名词as well as 另一名词作主语时，谓语动词要与前面的名词保持人称和数的一致，此处mayor是单数名词，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。14B主语many a student 意思是复数，形式是单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。15B前一个public（公众）表示的是集体、整体，故谓语动词要用单数形式。后一个public表示的是个体，即公众中每个成员，故谓语动词要用复数形式。因此B项正确。16C分析句子结构可以看出，句子缺少谓语动词。as well as 当作介词使用，后面的成分不能作主语，主语是the family，在这里指的是一家人，侧重个体成员，所以谓语动词用复数形式。人是被洪水困住的，所以用被动语态。句意：那家人还有他们养的狗都被洪水困在了屋顶。17A有些集合名词作主语时，应以复数看待。这类名词有people，cattle，police等。 故此处谓语动词要用复数形式，故A项正确。18A此处furniture作主语，为不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。19D本题考查单复数同形的名词作主语时谓语动词的