英语(一)(二)考试重点语法.doc

英语 （ 一 ）（ 二 ） 试卷结构单选 10 分 语法 词汇完型填空 10 分 语法 词汇 ，阅读 3 篇 30 分单词 20 个 10 分语法填空 10 分中译英 5 句 15 分英译中 一段 15 分英语 （ 一 ）（ 二 ） 在语法要求上没有太大的区别 . 英语 （ 二 ） 主要是词汇和阅读理解能力的加深英语 （ 一 ） 试卷结构 2003 年 4 月份单选完型 语法 12 分 词汇 8 分语法填空 语法 10 分翻译 语法 约 20 分 词汇 约 10 分-语法 42 分 词汇 18 分阅读 30 分 有一些题相对简单单词 10 分英语（一）（二）考试重点语法虚拟语态、倒装句、主谓一致、介词、连词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词 （ 不定式、动名词、分词 ）并列句、复合句 （ 主从 ， 宾从 ， 表从 ， 定从 ， 状从 ， 同位从 ）1.简单句和并列句主谓 ， 主谓状 I study hard.情态动词 + 实意动词构成谓语 . I shall go.主谓宾 ， 主谓介宾 I study English.I look at the blackboard.主系表 I am a student. The leaves turn red.主谓双宾 I give him a present.主谓宾宾补 I let you do it.I ask you to do it.定 状 语 A red book.Work hard.并 列 句 I worked and studied（x）I worked and he studied.2. 主从复合句（1） 宾语从句I study English. I think （that） I think that she is a good student.I made it clear that he objected to the plan.I asked whether/if he was a good student.I dont know whether it is raining.I asked what he had studied. He gave me what I need.You are wrong in that you took effect for cause.（2） 主语从句 That the sun moves around the earth is the truth.（ it is the truth that）Whether it is raining is not known.It is not knowncomputers will one day have vision as good as human vision.A.whether B. if C. that D. howIt goes without saying that we are not living in a traditional society.Who will come to the meeting remains unknown.翻译题 ： In a sense， what he said amounts to threat.（3） 表语从句Your greatest fault is that you are careless.The problem is what we should do to help him.（4） 形容词补语从句We feel proud that our team has won every match this year.He wasnt sure whether he should stay or leave.Are you certain who he is（5） 同位语从句（fact， news， idea， opinion， concern， hope， theory， decision， discovery， conclusion， report，order， question， problem， belief， truth， answer， statement， promise， possibility.）The news that he intended to come gave us much pleasure.（6） 状语从句时间状语从句When I studied， the bell rang.She was going upstairs when suddenly the light went out.He had no sooner died than / he had hardly died when the family arguments began.地点状语从句He live where he liked.原因状语从句He was late because he missed the bus.Now that you mention it， I do remember.Im in a slightly awkward position， in that my secretary is on holiday at that moment.目的状语从句We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty.Bring it closer so that I may see it better.结果状语从句He brought a big house so（ that） he had more space to paint in.He made such a good speech that he won warm applause.翻译题 ：The brothers looks so alike that it is difficult to tell them each other条件状语从句If I make a promise， I keep it.Ill lend you the money ， as/so long as you take my advice.These messages will become rubbish unless some measures have been taken.让步状语从句 Although/ though he was Spanish， he spent most of his life in Germany.Whatever/ No matter what happens， you must be calm and quiet.However/no matter how loudly you shout， you wont be heard.方式状语从句I have changed the plan as you suggested.As if （ as though）比较状语从句 （ 重点 ）She is as tall as Tom（ is） I arrived as early as you （did）Mary was older/more careful than Tom（ was）Mary works harder /more carefully than Tom（ does）Bill speaks French （ badly） than he writes it.The （ far）away we get from the earth， the thinner the air becomes. further 进（8） 定语从句 在从句中成份 + 连词She is a beautiful girl. I like the girl who is beautiful.（ who 主语 ）This is the film that I see.This is the boy who （whom）（） you met yesterday. （ 主语 ）Tell me something about the man for whom I shall be working / （whom） I shall be working for.I read the book whose cover is red.You are still the same person as I knew ten years ago.I never heard such stories as he told.This is the day when （ on which ） I joined the league.This is the house where（ in which ） I live./ This is the house I live in.非限定性定语从句 ：He met Mary， who invited him to dinner.I gave the book to Tom， whom/ who I found after the meeting.Her doctor， whose office was newly decorated， started to charge higher fee.His latest play， which was well reviewed by the critics， has been a great success.I called him by the wrong name， for which mistake I apologized.Prof. Emery， about whom everyone is taking these days.There are only four areas _ very many diamonds have been found. 华夏大地教育网博客F48k）hC4M&M p A.where B.when C.that D.whichWhere 用在定语从句和状语从句的区别Ill go to the place （ where I live）Ill go wherever work conditions are difficult.定语从句和同位语从句的区别The news （that our team had won）was known to all.This is the film that （I see）。考题 ： Such people you describe are rare nowadays.a. as b. that c. who d.whichAnyone （ want） to understand the industry of the future will have to know about IT . who wantWho wants Many of us visited the industrial exhibition，to our disappointment， we saw very few high-tech products.a. where b. which c. as d. that3. 并列复合句He said that he would give up smoking， but nobody believe it.I never saw a busier person than she seemed to be； yet it was difficult to say what he she did.动词的时态和语态 一般进行完成完成进行过去I didI was doingI had doneI had been doing现在I do I am doingI have done I have been doing 将来I shall doI shall be doingI shall have doneI shall have been doing（/）过去将来I should do I should be doing（/）I should ha ve done（/）I should have been doing（/）重点语法动词的时态和语态时态的呼应I thought the experiment was going on now.She said this apparatus would be available next week.Am/is/are/+ done. This room is cleaned every day.Was/were +done This room was cleaned yesterday.Will be+ done This room will be cleaned.Am/is/are being done This room is being cleaned at the moment.Was/were being done This room was being cleaned when I arrived.Have/has been done My car has been repaired.Had been done The room looks much better. It had been cleaned.No sooner had I arrived at the theatre than the film began .Hardly whenSome people think that the relations between people have deteriorated -（ deteriorate） so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible.Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened （happen） to her.非谓语动词动词不定式做主语 To see is to believe.What to do next has not been decideIt is not easy to remember all these words.表语 To know everything is to know nothing.定语 This is a book to be written .宾语 I want to study .He found it impossible to keep silent any longer.宾补 They warned me not to be late.I let you do it（make， have， see， watch， notice， look at， observe， smell， listen to， hear，perceive）状语 Yesterday he came to see me.独立成份 To be frank ， she is not my girlfriend.形容词补语 I am glad to hear the news.不定式的逻辑主语 For a bridge to collapse like that is unbelievable.不定式的 时态和语态 to do（be） ， to be+p.p.to have done， to have been done动名词主 ， 表语 Seeing is believingToms going there wont do any harm.My hobby is collecting stamps.定语 This is a swimming poor. （ a poor for swimming） This is a hiding place （ a place for hiding ）宾语 I enjoy studying （mind， keep， appreciate， cant help， consider， postpone，suggest，admit etc.）Do you mind my smoking here介词 + 宾语I used to doing. （confess to， look forward to， object to doing sth.）be involve in， consist of， be fond of， etc.动名词的时态和语态基本形同分词的时态和语态分词状语 When I saw the film， I felt sad = Seeing the film， I felt sad.Because it is Sunday today， we have no school.It being Sunday， we have no school.When the job was finished， we went home straight away.The job finished， we went home straight away.定语 The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.=The boy who is standing there is a classmate of mine.The used car. A broken cup the question involved.表语 The film is exciting. All the windows are broken.宾补 I found them watering flowers.（ I found that they were watering flowers.I found the flowers watered. （ I found the flowers watered）分词的时态和语态 .（ 形同动名词 ）doing （being） being donehaving done having been done_nothing to say， the boy shield way form the crowd.A. Having B. Have C Had. D. Having beingWhat developed was a music readily taking （ take） on various forms.Not having got （not get） enough hands， she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task.非谓语动词答题要点1. Anyone wanting （want） to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.2 . A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted （convict）of murder.3. As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals used （ use） in experiments may decrease.Not have got （not， get）enough hands she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task .It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control （ control） his direction.As Ill be away for a year ， Id appreciate hearing （hear）from you now and then .Object to ， confess to ， look forward to + doing.介词 + doing.If I had remembered the window， the thief would not have got in.a. to close b. closing c. to have close d. having closed.Begin， start， intend， continue to do， doing 的区别不大The baby began crying. The baby began to cry.Try to do. 努力去做 Try doing 尝试去做 . I was very tired. I tired to keep my eyes open， but I couldnt.I cant find anywhere to live._， they began to get down to business. A. The holidays being over B. The holidays are over C. The holidays were over D. The holidays had been overV+ing 及从句 的固定用法Its no use doing sth.Its no use worrying about it. Theres nothing you can do.Its （not） worth doing sth.Have difficulty doing sth.Spend time （in） doing sth.There is no doubt that.强调句强调主语 It is I that/who am to blame2. 强调直接宾语 It was a glass that Mary broke.3. 强调间接宾语 It was him that I gave the pen to.4. 强调介词宾语 It is this room that I am living in.5. 强调状语 1） 时间状语 It was last year that Tom graduated from high school.2） 地点状语 It was under the bridge that we found him.3） 原因状语 It was for his arrogance that I dislike him.4） 目的状语 It was for pleasure that I read it.不仅可以是陈述句 ， 还可以是疑问句和感叹句 .Was it you that/who lost a watch yesterday What great progress it was that you made.强调句可以是一个从句 ， 被强调的部分也可以是从句 .I was told that it was because he hadnt received the invitation that he didnt comeIt was there， the police believe，she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.A. that B.until C. which D. when虚拟语气第一类型 ：见词就填 ：A. （should ） do（should） beB. （should） be + 过去分词第一类型虚拟语气 A动词名词形容词建议adviseadviceadvisableproposeproposalsuggestSuggestionsuggested坚持insistinsistenceinsistent要求requireRequirementdesiredesiredesireddemandDemandrequestrequestRequested建议recommendRecommendation命令orderorderOrdered决定decidedecisionDecided命令commandcommand宁愿preferpreferencePreferable决定determinedetermination命令InstructInstruction安排arrangeArrangementArranged重要Importanceimportant第一类型虚拟语气 B 见某些形容词要虚拟Urgent， necessary， important， possible， essential， incredible， natural， ridiculous， vital， imperative， crucial， critical， proper， compulsory， etc.形容词带的从句 ： It is important that every member （should） inform himself of these rules.主语从句 ： It is decided that the meeting （should） be postponed.宾语从句 ： He insisted that his daughter （should） come.表语从句 ： The doctors advice is that the patient （should） be kept quiet.同位语从句 ： He gave order that the guests （should） be hospitably entertained.考题 ： They demanded that the right to vote（give） to every adult person. （should） be givenFor a child to give up less mature idea for a more sophisticate one， it requires that the child _ psychologically ready for the new idea. 华夏大地教育网博客j/JEr6q XA.is B.be C.were D.would be第二类型 ： if 的非真实条件句 （ 可能性小或没有可能 ）注意 ： if 可以引导真实条件句 ， 多是条件状语从句 .第二类型虚拟语气 （ 时态到推的概念 ）If + 从句主句与现在事实相反If+ 主语 .+ were华夏大地教育网博客.aJ.G6f0| + V.ed主语 + should + V.华夏大地教育网博客f,t_8wY7e +would + V.华夏大地教育网博客 DFZ;R9+Hk +could + V. #xV,Fkl9）x0与过去事实相反If+ 主语 .+ had+ doneK）A6O9u/xZ0 + been主语 + should + have+ p.p.qCH%k*e B0+would + have+p.p.华夏大地教育网博客/bh BM +could + have+ p.p.华夏大地教育网博客g5X3Po F:I8|#C &H + might+ have+ p.p. 与将来事实相反If+ 主语 .U（F DlDE0 + were to do/be华夏大地教育网博客s,kF3QN0k +should do/be 主语 + should + V.N K2twV4AvO0+would + V.|-kPS%f0+could + V.1fpmV K9c1?0+might+ V. 第二类型虚拟语气举例省略 if 的倒装5/F！V dE%t k .n0were， had ， should.If the doctor had been available， the child would have been saved.Had the doctor been available， the child would have been saved.考题 ：_for your help， I would not have overcome the psychological pressures and tensions.A. Had it not been B. not been C. Without being D. not having been特殊虚拟Even if 形式上与 if 相同Wish 形式上大体与 if 从句相同从句谓语与 Wish 同时 Wish+ 主语 +V.ed/wereI wish I were as young as you.从句谓语发生 Wish 之前 多用 Wish+ 主语 +had done（been）I wish that he had not made so much trouble.从句谓语发生 Wish 之后 用 Wish+ 主语 +would（could） + v. I wish you would stay with me far a whileI wish I could fly.It is （about. High） time that + 从句 （V.ed）It is high time that we began to work.In case， lest， for fear that （should）+ V.The mad man was out in the padded cell lest he himself.A. injure B. had injured c. injured d. would injure.Would rather =had rather， would just as soon， would sooner， would prefer 多加过去式表示尚未发生的动作 .倒装句全部倒装 In came Jack. Now comes your turn.Among them were two girls.部分倒装Hardly/scarcely/barely had we got on the bus when it began to rain.No sooner had he put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.Not until many years later did the whole truth become known.Not only did he win the championship in the race， but he also broke the world record.Neither my sister nor I have traveled by air.Never， nowhere， no longer， little， feww， not（ not a single word） no. （at no time， by no means， in no way， on no account， under/in no circumstances）Only here can you buy fresh eggs.主谓一致要点To become actresses is their ambition.Nodding often means you say“ yes.”What I did was to give her a book.Neither she nor I am wet.Many a student doesnt like having to do their homework.连词连接代词 who， whom， whose， what， which， whoever， whatever， which ever连接副词 when， how， why， where， whenever， wherever并列连词 and， but， or， so ， therefore， yet， however， nevertheless， for， hence， as well as， bothand， not onlybut also， eitheror， neithernor，从属连词 after， when， before， as， while， since， until， till， although， though， if ， even if， unless， lest， because， than， that， whether， so that， as soon as， as long as， in order tha