(最新)仁爱英语九年级上册重点知识五.docx

Unit 2 Saving the EarthTopic 2 All these problems are very serious。一、重点词汇（一）词形变换1. although（同义词）_ 2. none (反义词) _3. bad(最高级)_. 4. rude(反义词)_5. perhaps(同义词)_/_ 6. rise(过去式)_7. thirsty( 比较级)_ 8.discovere(过去式)9.form（三单）_ 10. hole(同音词)_11. rubbish (同义词)_ 12. everybody(同义词)_ 13. both(反义词)_ 14. use名词）_（二）重点词组1. walk down the street_ 2. blowaway _3. sopfrom doing sth._ 4. washaway _5. be harmful to _ 6. human beings_7. a large number of _ 8.such that_9. in the future _ 10. live a happy life _11. come into being _ 12.less and less _13. fewer and fewer _ 14. die out _15. come to do sth _ 16. do ones best _17.pick flowers _ 18. in public _19. care for _ 20. write to _21. worst of all _ 22.break the rules _23. as we know _ 24. in our daily life _25, follow the social rules _ 26. destroy the environment _27. something useful _ 28. in many ways _29. all over the world _ 30.have health problems _31. as a result _ 32.make a hole _33. pass through _ 34.cause cancer _35. greenhouse effect _ 36. the level of the sea _37. plenty of _ 38.in these fields _39.day by day _ 40.be short of _41. be covered with _ 42.protect water resource _43. affect the weather _ 44. the climate of the earth _二、知识要点1. While I was walking down the street just now， I couldnt see anything. 刚才我沿着大街走的时候，我什么也不能看见。1） walk down the steet“沿着大街走”down 还可以改为along和up，但有一定的区别。along 表示任何方向，down 从北到南，从西向东，up反之。2）anything 长用于否定句和疑问句。 not anything= nothing 这句相当于I could see nothing。2. Although we have built “The Great Green Wall”, we still need to something useful to protect the environment . 虽然我们建造了绿色长城，我们仍需要做一些有用的事来保护环境。1）although= though 引导让步状语从句，后面的主句不能用but. 类似的还有even though/even if 虽然，即使2）something useful 一些有用的东西 useful修饰something,修饰不定代词或不定副词的形容词要放在这些不定代词或不定副词之后。3.Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. They can also prevent the sand from moving toward the rich land. 树可以防风固土，也可阻止风沙吹进良田。Trees can keep water from running away. 树可以防止水土流失。stop / prevent sb. /sth. (from ) doing sth. 阻止/ 防止 某人或某物做某事keep sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止/ 防止 某人或某物做某事4. How can that affect the weather ? 那怎样影响天气？affect 与 effect 均可表示“影响”，其区别是：前者是动词(及物)，主要指一时的影响，着重影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏)，也可指不良影响；后者是名词(可数或不可数)，两者的关系大致为：affecthave an effect on.如：To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影响一项政策就是对该政策具有一种影响。5A lot of rich land has changed into desert, leaving only sand. 许多肥沃的土地已经变成了沙漠，留下的是遍地黄沙。 change into = turn into 把.(转)变成. 如：Please change/ turn English into Chinese. 请把英语变成汉语。When the traffic lights change/ turn into green, we can go. 6.people have cut down such a large number of trees that the land has changed into desert.人们砍伐了许许多多的树，以致于土地变成了沙漠。1）such a /an +adj +N+that 从句 such 为形容词，that 后是结果状语从句。 如果名词为复数或不可数名词，不用a/an.It was such bad news that tears came down from everyones eyes. 如此糟的一个消息以致于人人都流下眼泪。2）a number of “许多” 后接可数名词的复数，动词用复数。number 前可以加个形容词修饰。a great number of /a large number of 许许多多的。注意：the number of “ 的数量”作主语时，无论后接可数名词复数还是不可数名词时，动词用单数。A number of students like music and P.E . 许多学生喜欢体育和音乐。The number of students in our school is 1187. 我们学校的学生数是1187。7. And some animals are in danger of dying out completely. = And some animals are in danger of disappearing comepletely. 一些动物濒临灭绝。 in danger of ( doing ) sth. 处于做某事的危险中； 如：They are in danger of losing their lives. 他们正处于失去生命的危险中。8. Now some of kinds of animals are becoming fewer and fewer.现在几种动物正变得越来越少。fewer and fewer 越来越少（修饰可数名词复数）less and less 越来越少（修饰不可数名词） The water on the land is becoming less and less. 陆地上的水变得越来越少。 9. It says that China has become the worlds largest producer and user of coal.它（文章）写到中国已经成为世界上最大的煤炭生产和消费国。sth. + says that 此句型中主语是事或物，say表用“文字、数字”说明信息。如：It says “ Happy New Year!” on the card. 卡片上写着“新年快乐！”。The clock says that it is 20:00 now. 这面钟显示现在是20：00。10. As we know, none of us likes pollution. 众所周知，没有人喜欢污染。 none与no one 的区别：1）none “全无”，既可指人也可指物，后常跟of 的短语; 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数；no one只指人，后不能跟of 的短语; 作主语时，谓语动词只用作单数。如： He has read none of these books.（指物）这些书他一本都没看过。 None of my friends like/ likes drawing.（指人）我的朋友们没有一个喜欢画画。 No one is here. 没有一个在这儿。2）none回答how many/ much的问题；no one回答who的问题。 如： A: How many students come to school by taxi? B: None. 有多少的学生搭出租车来上学？ 没有人。 A: How much water is there in the bottle? B: None. 瓶子里有多少水？ 一点儿也没有。 A: Who is in the room? B: No one. 谁在房中？没有11.You may either take a bus or a taxi. 你们可能搭公车去或者是搭出租车去。 a) eitheror “要么要么; 或者或者” 并列连词,连接对等结构;连接主语时,根据就近原则。如： You may come either today or tomorrow. 你要么今天来，要么明天来。 We can either sing or dance. 我们可以唱歌或者跳舞。 Either you or he is right. 要么你对，要么他对。 b) either 单独使用时，是代词，表“二者之一”既可指人也可指物；用作主语时，谓语动词用作单数。如： A：ould you like coffee or tea? B: Either is OK 你想要咖啡还是茶？随便都可以。 Either of us is right. 我们俩中有一人是对的。12. It causes the level of the oceans to rise and the climate of the earth to change. 它导致海平面的上升和全球气候的变化。cause 作动词时，后接名词、代词、不定式是复合结构cause sb./sth. to do sth. 使/让/导致/引起某人/某物做某事。What cause her to cry ? 谁让它哭了？It causes many fish to die. 它导致许多鱼儿死亡。13.There is plenty of water in the sea. 大海里面有足够的水。plenty of 相当于a lot of, lots of “许多，大量” 后接可数名词或不可数名词。三、重点语法 不定代词和不定副词：(一) 不定代词： 指人：someone/ somebody anyone/ anybody no one/ nobody everyone/everybody 指物：something anything nothing everything（二）不定副词指地点：somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere（三）用法：some-复合代词/副词常用于肯定句；如：I saw someone in the room. 我看见房间里有人。There is something in the woods. 树林里有什么东西。He has gone somewhere warm for his holiday. 他去暖和的地方度假了。any-复合代词/副词常用于否定句或疑问句；如：I didnt see anyone in the room. 我没看见有人在房间里。There isnt anything in the woods. 树林里没有什么东西。He hasnt gone somewhere warm for his holiday.他没去暖和的地方度假。no- 复合代词/副词表全否定；如：I saw nobody in the room. 我看见房间里没有人。There is nothing in the woods. 树林里没有什么东西。every- 复合代词/副词代替全部；如：Everyone is he