初中英语句子成份.doc

初中英语句子成份英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。【问】什么是句子成分？英语句子包含哪些成分？【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。【问】各成分在句中的作用如何？分别由哪些词及短语充当？1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：Thecarisrunningfast./ThegirlcansingmanyEnglishsongs.(名词)Wearestudents./Thisismypen.Yoursisonthedesk.(代词)OneofmyclassmatesisfromShanghai./Twoandthreeisfinve.(数词)Theblindneedmorehelp.(名词化的形容词)Itsbadmannerstospitinpublic.(不定式)Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。.2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：由单一动词作谓语：WeareChinese./HehasanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.情态动词加主要动词：Wecanplaythepiano./Youmustseethedoctor.助动词加主要动词构成谓语：Sheistalkingwithhersister./Ihaveseenthismanbefore.【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。3.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become，smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：Theyareworkers.(名词)Twoandthreeisfive.(数词)Thestoryisveryinteresting.(形容词)Myjob(工作)isteachingEnglish.(动名词)Sheisathome.(介词短语)Ifeelterrible.(形容词)Thedishtastesdelicious.(形容词)Heishere(副词)Itsgettingdark./Hegotveryangry./Thehillhasturnedgreen.(形容词)初中英语句子成份英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。【问】什么是句子成分？英语句子包含哪些成分？【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。【问】各成分在句中的作用如何？分别由哪些词及短语充当？1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：Thecarisrunningfast./ThegirlcansingmanyEnglishsongs.(名词)Wearestudents./Thisismypen.Yoursisonthedesk.(代词)OneofmyclassmatesisfromShanghai./Twoandthreeisfinve.(数词)Theblindneedmorehelp.(名词化的形容词)Itsbadmannerstospitinpublic.(不定式)Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。.2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：由单一动词作谓语：WeareChinese./HehasanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.情态动词加主要动词：Wecanplaythepiano./Youmustseethedoctor.助动词加主要动词构成谓语：Sheistalkingwithhersister./Ihaveseenthismanbefore.【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。3.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become，smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：Theyareworkers.(名词)Twoandthreeisfive.(数词)Thestoryisveryinteresting.(形容词)Myjob(工作)isteachingEnglish.(动名词)Sheisathome.(介词短语)Ifeelterrible.(形容词)Thedishtastesdelicious.(形容词)Heishere(副词)Itsgettingdark./Hegotveryangry./Thehillhasturnedgreen.(形容词)【注意】有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass，tell，leave等。如：Heboughtmeabook.Passmetheball，willyou？(间宾直宾)直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如：HanChenlentsomemoneytoLiHai.(直宾间宾)XiaoLiuboughtadictionaryforTom.(直宾间宾)有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish，hope，promise，decide，agree，choose，care等。如：Ihopetoseeyouagain.有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss，suggest，keep(on)等。如：Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow？有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。a)forgettodo表示“未发生的动作”，forgetdoing表示“已完成的动作”。如：Dontforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(还没来)Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(书已还给他了)b)stoptodo(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事，去做另一件事”，stopdoing表示“停止做某事”。如：Istoppedtotalkwithhim.(我停下来与他谈话。)Thestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。注意：英语中带有宾语的谓语动词叫及物动词，不带宾语的叫不及物动词。及物动词后必须跟上宾语意义才完整，不及物动词本身意义已完整，后面不跟宾语。Youmayusemypen./Doyoulikefish?(及物)Dickswimsverywell./Thesunrisesintheeast.(不及物)不及物动词可加介词再加宾语Wearelisteningtothemusic.Theyaretalkingtoeachother.既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词的词：Wearegrowingtomatoes./Tomatoesgrowwellinourgarden.TheyleftShanghaiyesterday./Theyleftyesterday.Mymotherteachesinthisschool./SheteachesEnglish.Wearestudying./WestudyEnglish.Webeganourlessonatnine./Thelecturebeganatnine.5.直接宾语与间接宾语。有些及物动词可带有两个宾语，其中一个指物（直接宾语），另一个指人（间接宾语）。.直接宾语与间接宾语。有些及物动词可带有两个宾语，其中一个指物（直接宾语），另一个指人（间接宾语）。我们称为双宾语。动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）Helentmeabook./Heboughtmeapen./IhavetaughtmyselfEnglishfortenyears.动词+直接宾语（物）+（to,for）+间接宾语（人Hegavehissonsomeadvice.=Hegavesomeadvicetohisson.Fatherboughtmeacomputer.=Fatherboughtacomputerforme. Hegavehissonsomeadvice.=Hegavesomeadvicetohisson.Fatherboughtmeacomputer.=Fatherboughtacomputerforme. 6.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如：Whatabeautifulkiteitis！/Theyhaveacleverson.(形容词)Sheisachemistryteacher./Itisacolourfilm.(名词)Therearetwostudentsintheclassroom.(数词)Thissongisbetterthanthatone.(代词)Doyouknowtheyoungmanoverthere?(副词)Wehavesomethingtodotomorrow.(不定式)Themaninblueismybrother.(介词短语)【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。7.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如：Thankyouverymuch.(副词表示程度)Theoldmaniswalkingslowly.(副词表示方式)Heusuallygetsupatsix.(副词表示时间)Weallwoukhere.(副词表示地点)Igetupatfiveinthemorning.(介词短语表示时间)Heisstudyinghardsoastocatchupwithothers.(不定式短语)Wewerehavingbreakfastwhenthetelephonerang.(从句)【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.8.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：Weelectedhimmonitor./(名词)IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell./Thesunkeepsuswarm./Wefindthestoryveryinterestingh.(形容词)Ifoundherintheroom.(介词短语)Pleaselethimin./IsawhimoutwithXiaoLi.(副词)Thedoctortoldmetodomoreexercise.(不定式短语)Heisgoingtohavehishaircut.(过去分词)Theysawabirdflyinginthesky.(现在分词)英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：（主谓）二：（主系表）三：（主谓宾）四：（主谓间宾直宾）五：（主谓宾宾补）句子成分练习题(一)(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom. Thereisanoldmancominghere.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.Keys:teachermandictionaryTodo(二)选出句中谓语的中心词Idontlikethepictureonthewall.A.dontB.likeC.pictureD.wallThedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summerDoyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.busTherewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoonDidthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfastTomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didntC.doD.hishomeworkWhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.isWehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctorHeisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.musicWhomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.bookKeys:BACACCDCAA)挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass? Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.TheydidntknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis.Keys:homework.English.attentionwordstogoswimminghewasill.himmonitorbridgemuseumitschool.whoFatherChristmasreallyis.(四)挑出下列句中的表语Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.WhyisheworriedaboutJim?Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.Keys:erestedthefirst(五)挑出下列句中的定语TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.Whatisyourgivenname?OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.Iamaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!Keys:familygiventhirdsomedownstairsoftheothershoe! 六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMrWanggetonthebus.DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow? Keys:toreadnewspapersandbookstotaketheboydifficultLilygetonthebusplayingfootballKeys:toreadnewspapersandbookstotaketheboydifficultLilygetonthebusplayingfootball(七)挑出下列句中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.Iamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.Keys:onherface.Everynightwhenhewaseleven.toofast.Withthemedicineboxunderherarmbecauseshelovesbooks.ifyouvelostittoseetheothermachine.(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynexttermKeys:toreadnewspapersandbookstotaketheboydifficultLilygetonthebusplayingfootball(七)挑出下列句中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.Iamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.Keys:onherface.Everynightwhenhewaseleven.toofast.Withthemedicineboxunderherarmbecauseshelovesbooks.ifyouvelostittoseetheothermachine.(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.Didheleaveanymessageforme?Keys:us,间接宾语,astory,直接宾语me,间接宾语anewbike,直接宾语us,间接宾语history,直接宾语Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语me,间接宾语message,直接宾语由一个从句在句子中作宾语，这个句子就叫宾语从句。Forexample:1.Iknowsheliveshere.2.Fatheristhinkingofhowwecangettothestation?3.IamsorrythatIamlateforclass.宾语从句的连接词有三种形由that引导；2.由连接代词who,what,which,whose和连接副词when,where,