三 形容词和名词短语及练习.doc

三 形容词短语、名词短语及其他常见短语一 形容词短语 形容词短语一般由形容词加介词或不定式构成，其句子功能相当于形容词。常见的形容词短语有： 形容词+about anxious about 担心，为.担忧 concerned about 关心，挂念 mad about 迷恋 worried about 为.而担心 形容词+at angry at 因某事生气 bad at 拙于，不善于 clever at 擅长 good at善于，擅长 present at 出席 surprised at对.感到惊奇 形容词+by characterized by 以.为特征 形容词+for answerable for 应负责的 anxious for 急切盼望，渴望 eager for 渴望 famous for 以.著名 good for 适于，在.期间有效 indispensable for 对.必不可少 late for 迟到 ready for 为.准备好 short for 是.的缩写（简称） sick for 渴望 sorry for 对.感到抱歉 unfit for 不适合，不胜任 形容词+from absent from 缺勤，缺课 different from 与.不同 free from 无.的，摆脱了.的 tired from 因.而疲乏 形容词+in abundant in 丰富的，富裕的 active in 积极于 confident in 对.有信心 interested in 对.感兴趣 involved in 卷入，陷入 lacking in 缺乏 rich in 富于 absorbed in 专心于 形容词+of afraid of 恐怕，害怕，担忧 ashamed of 为.感到羞耻，惭愧 aware of 意识到 capable of 能够 composed of 由.组成 fond of 喜欢，爱好 independent of 脱离.而独立 proud of 以.自豪，因.,感到满意 short of 短缺 sick of 对.感到厌倦 sure of 坚信，确信 tired of 厌烦，对.厌倦 true of 适用于 unconscious of 不知道，未发觉 形容词+on based on 根据，以.为基础 dependent on 取决于，依赖 形容词+to(do) able to (do) 能（做），会（做) about to (do) 即将（做），正要（做） anxious to (do) 渴望（做） bound to (do) 一定（做） careful to（do） 务必注意（做） certain to (do) 一定（做），必然（做） curious to (do) 很想（做) determined to (do） 决心（做） eager to (do) 急于要（做） glad to (do) 乐于（做） likely to (do) 可能要（做） pleased to (do) 乐于（做） supposed to（do） 应该（做） sure to (do) 一定（做），必定（做） willing to（do） 乐意（做) 形容词+to accustomed to 习惯于，适应于 advantageous to 对.有利 alive to 注意到，对.敏感 adjacent to 靠近 attached to 附属于 beneficial to 对.有益 equal to 等于，胜任 friendly to 对.友好 grateful to 感谢，感激 second to 次于 subject to 易受.影响的 suited to 适合于 unequal to 无法胜任 useful to 对.有用 形容词+with acquainted with 与.相识，熟悉 angry with 对.发怒 combined with 与.结合 pleased with 对.感到满意 popular with 受.欢迎的 satisfied with 对.满意，满足于 strict with 对.要求严格 through with 完成，结束 其他常见的形容词固定搭配 beside oneself 发狂，忘形 better off 生活优越起来，境况好起来 tired out 精疲力尽 well off 富裕的，处境好的 well up(in) 精通，熟悉 wild with joy 欣喜 worse off 处境较坏，处境恶化 worthy of 值得 二 名词短语 常见的名词短语有: 名词+名词 credit card 信用卡 I.D.card 身份证 rest room 厕所，盥洗室 trolley bus 电车 world fair 世界博览会 副词+名词 no doubt 无疑的，很可能 no matter 不要紧，没关系 no wonder 难怪，并不奇怪 not on any account 决不 名词+and+名词 heart and soul 全心全意 neck and neck 势均力敌 名词+介词 appeal to 呼吁，恳求 attempt at 企图，努力 attitude to/towards 对.的态度 correspondence with 通信 dissatisfaction with/at 不满 influence on 影响 interference in 干涉，介入 interference with 妨碍，打扰 introduction to 介绍 lots of 大量，很多 objection to 反对，异议 preference for/to 偏爱，喜爱 proficiency in 熟练，精通 reply to 回答，答复 requirement for/to 对.的要求 名词+介词+名词 face to face 面对面地 once upon a time 从前 side by side 肩并肩地，一起 step by step 逐步地 word for word 逐字地三 其他常见用语 与all相关的短语 above all 首先，尤其是 after all 终究，毕竟 all at once 突然，忽然 all but 除了.都，几乎 all over 遍及，到处 in all 总共，合计 not at all 一点也不 与as相关的短语 as.as 像.一样 as/so far as 就.而言，至于 as for 至于，关于 as/so long as 只要，如果，既然 as well 也，同样地 as yet 至今 not as/so.as 不如.那样 与at相关的短语 at most 至多，不超过 at once 立刻，马上 与by相关的短语 by and large 总的来说 by oneself 独自地，单独地 与no相关的短语 no less than 不少于，多达 no longer 不再，已不 no more 不再 与so/such 相关的短语 so far 迄今为止 so that 以便，为使 so.that 如此.以致 such as 诸如，例如 其他常见的词组 along with 和.一起 and so on 等等 and yet 可是，然而 anything but 绝对不，除.外任何事（物） because of 由于，因为 both.and.既.又.，两个都 but for 倘没有，要不是 each other 互相 either.or.或.或. Even if/though 即使，虽然 ever since 从那时起，自那时以来 ever so 非常，及其 every other 每隔一个的 except for 除.外 far from 远远不，完全不 first of all 首先 go wrong 发生故障，出毛病 had better 最好 if only 要是.就好了 in excess of 超过 in itself 本质上，就其本身而言 just now 刚才，才不久 make the best of 充分利用，尽量利用 many a 许多 more and more 越来越 more or less 或多或少 now(that)既然，由于 now and then 偶尔，有时 on behalf of 代表，为了 once(and)for all 一劳永逸地，永远地 once more/again 再一次 one after another 一个接一个，相继 one another 互相 or else 否则，要不然 or so 大约，左右 other than 不同于，除了 over and over(again)一再地，再三地 to and from 来来回回 what if 如果.将会怎么样 第三节 短语讲练经典题目分析1. He was particularly eager - too eager,it would turn _to explain all the intricacies of relativity to him .(2007.12.CET-6) A.up B.over C.out D.off 2. Online schools,which _the needs of different people,have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative.(2006.12.CET-6) A.stir up B.consent to C.switch on D.cater to3. A customers begins with a catalog of possible items,selects an item,arranges a form of payment,and _an order.(2010.6.CET-6) A.sends in B.puts out C.stands for D.carries away4. Einstein discovered to his horror that Hilbert had taken what he ha learned from Einsteins lectures and was racing to come up _ the correct equations first.(2007.12.CET-6) A.to B.for C.with D.against5. The writer was so _ in her work that she didnt notice him enter the room. (2005.6.CET-4) A.focused B.absorbed C.centered D.abandonded6. I was impressed _ the efficiency of the work done in the company.(2005.6.CET-4) A.in B.for C.about D.with7. I know youve got a smooth tongue,so dont talk to me _ buying it.(2005.6.CET-4) A.out B.down C.away D.into8. The doctor had almost lost hope at one point,but the patient finally _.2003.1.CET-4) A.pulled out B.pulled through C.pulled up D.pulled over9. Language is the most astonishing behavior in the animal kingdom.It is the speciestypical behavior that sets humans completely _ from all other animals.(2006.12.CET-4) A.apart B.off C.up D.down 10. The listener must hear the sounds to _out what the speaker means.(2006.12.CET-4) A.put B.take C.draw D.figure1.分析 答案为C。turn up 意为“突然出现，发生”；turn over 意为“周转，反复思考”；turn out 意为“结果是，最终成为”；turn off 意为“关掉”；。而只有turn out 后面可以直接接介 词to， 意为“结果是”。2.分析 答案为D。本题考查动词短语。本句意为：迎合不同需求的网络学校已经成为越来 越受欢迎的可供选择的教育方式。stir up 意为“鼓动”；consent to 意为“同意”； switch on意为“接通”；cater to 意为“迎合”，因此选D。3.分析 答案为A。本题考查动词短语。本句意为：客户购买商品的流程是：选择商品选择付款形式提交订单。send in意为“递交”；out out意为“熄灭”；stand for意为“代表 ;carry away 意为“运走”，因此选A。4.分析 答案为C。本题考查常用短语come up with。Come up with意为“提出”；come up to 意为“达到;come up for 意为”进行讨论/检查/回顾等“；come up against 意为”遇到（困难 等）。5.分析 答案为B.本题考查短语固定搭配。四个选项中只有B选项和空格后面的介词in构成固定搭 配be absorbed in，意为“聚精会神”，A选项虽然意义正确，但须与介词on搭配，因此选B。6.分析 答案为D。本题考查动词短语。短语 impress sb.with sth.意为“.给某人留下深刻印 象”，因此选D。7.分析 答案为D。本题考查动词短语。talk sb. into doing sth. 意为“劝服某人做某事”；talk sb. down 意为“（以言辞）贬低”，因此选D。8.分析 答案为B。本题考查动词短语。本句意为：医生曾一度几乎要丧失希望，但是那个病人最后度过了难关。pull through 意为“渡过难关”，符合题意。其他三个短语的意思依次为：pull out“（车等）驶出”；pull up“（使车）停下”；pull over “路边停车”。9.分析 答案为A。本题考查动词短语。本句意为：语言是物种典型行为，它区分了人类和其他动物。set apart from 意为“使有别于，使优于（他人或他物）”，符合题意。其他三个短语的意思依次为：set off“出发”；set up 设立“；set down “记下”。10.分析 答案为D。本题考查动词短语。本句意为：听着必须听这些声音来领会说话者的意思。四个词均可以与out搭配使用。他们的意思分别是：put out“熄灭”;take out “拿出”；draw out“取钱，解释”figure out“领会”，因此选D。11. The report_this week from U.N.Habitat,a United Nations agency.(2010.12.CET-4） A.came on B.came off C.came over D.came out12. So in October 1915 Einstein_himself into a month-long frantic endeavor in which he returned to an earlier mathematical strategy.(2007.12.CET-6 A.threw B.thrust C.huddled D.hopped13. Urbanization can lead to social and economic progress,but also put_on cities to provide housing and services.(2010.12.CET-4) A.pressure B.load C.restraint D.weight Worried_being scooped(抢先),he sent Hilbert a copy of his Nov.4 lecture.(2007.12.CET-4) A.after B.about C.on D.in15. We need young tech workers,he said,Thats what this program is all_.(2008.6.CET-6) A.towards B.round C.about D.over16. ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network .(2009.6.CET-6) A.stands by B.stands for C.stands against D.stands over17. We condemn litters for dropping this fast food litter _ the first place but also believe the results have pertinent messages for the fast food industry.(2009.12.CET-6) A.around B.toward C.in D.off18. If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks,take_of whats there.(2010.6.CET-6)A. advantage B.exception C.measure D.charge19. The New York Times has become the biggest publisher yet to _plans for a pay wall around its digital offering,abandoning the accepted practice that Internet users will not pay for news(1010.12.CET-6)A.set in B.set out C.carry over D.carry away20. But others,including the Guardian,have said they will not charge Internet readers,and certain papers,_Londons evening Standard,have gone further in abandoning readership revenue by making their print editions free.(2010.12.CET-6)A.as for B.far from C.such as D.by far11. 分析 答案为D。本题考查动词短语。该句主语是the report ,我们通常说发表、发布、报告，所以选择come out。其他的短语意思依次为：come on “加油”；come off“脱落，分开;come over“过来”。12. 分析 答案为A。本题考察动词短语。能与into 搭配的动词有两个：throw oneself into意为“投身于，积极从事”；thrust into 意为“强行闯入”，因此选A。13. 分析 答案为A。本题考察动词短语。Put pressure on 意为“施加压力”，符合题意。14. 分析 答案为B。本题考察动词短语。此处能与worry搭配的介词只有about，意为“担心”。15. 分析 答案为C。本题考查跟all相关的短语。all around意为“总的来说”；all about意为“关于的一切”；all over意为“到处，彻底”。本句意为：这就是这个计划的一切，所以选all about。16. 分析 答案为B。本题考查stand 的相关短语。Stand by 意为“支持”；stand for意为“代表”；stand against 意为“抵抗;stand over 意为“监督”。根据题意应选stand for。17. 分析 答案为C。本题考查短语in the first place ,意为“首先”。18. 分析 答案为A。本题考查take 的相关短语。Take advantage of 意为“好好利用”；take exception to 意为“因某事而生气”；take measures 意为“采取措施;take charge of 意为“负责，管理”，根据句意，只有A吻合。19. 分析 答案为B。本句意为：纽约时报成为开始计划就其电子信息设定收费门槛的最大的新闻出版商.。四个短语的意思依次为：set in (指不愉快的事情）开始，来临”set out “开始做某事”；carry over “继续”；carry away 拿走”因此选择set out。20.分析 答案为C。四个短语的意思依次为:as for “关于”；far from“远离”；such as “例如”；by far “到目前为止”。只有such as 符合题意。21. Too often Dr.Johnsons lectures _how to protect the doctor rather than how to cure the patient.(2005.6.CET-6)A.look to B.dwell on C.permeate into D.shrug off22.Unfortunately,the new edition of dictionary is _in all major bookshops.(2005.12.CET-6)A.out of reach B.out of stock C.out of business D.out of season23.Psychologists have done extensive studies on how well patients _with doctors orders.(2005.12.CET-6)A.comply B.correspond C.interfere D.interact24.Professor Smith explained the movement of light _that of water.(2005.12.CET-6)A.by analogy with B.by virtue of C.in line with D.in terms of25.Tom is bankrupt now.He is desperate because all his efforts_failure.(2005.12.CET-6)A.tumbled to B.hinged upon C.inflicted on D.culminated in26.While fashion is thought of usually _clothing,it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain.(2005.12.CET-6) A.in relation to B.in proportion to C.by means of D.on behalf of27. When invited to talk about his achievements he refused to blow his own _and declined to speak at the meeting.(2008.TEM-4) A.trumpet B.whistle C.bugle D.flute28. Keep this reference book;it may come in _one day.(2008.TEM-4) A.handy B.useful C.convenient D.helpful29. Sally was a bit shy,but the teacher found her quite _discussing a recent film with others.(2008.TEM-4)A.at home B.at most C.at house D.at bean30.When he first started in university,he really felt at _with his major-economics.(2008.TEM-4)A.shore B.bank C.ocean D.sea21.分析 答案为B.本句意为：约翰逊医生的演讲大多时候侧重于怎样保护医生而不是怎么医治病人。四个短语的意思依次为：look to“照顾”；dwell on“详细讲述，强调;permeate into“渗入”；shrug off“推脱”。因此dwell on符合题意。22.分析 答案为B.本题考查与out相关的短语。本句意为：很不幸，这个新版的词典在各大书店都脱销了。四个短语的意思分别:out of reach“够不着”；out of stock“脱销”；out of business“破产”；out of season“过季”，因此选B。23.分析 答案为A。本题考查与with有关的动词短语。本句意为：心理学家们针对病人在大多程度上听从医嘱做了大量研究。四个短语的意思分别为：comply with “遵守,照做”；correspond with“与.符合”；interfere with“干涉，阻碍”；interact with“相互作用”。因此comply with与题意吻合。24.分析 答案为A。本题考查介词短语的辨析。本句意为：史密斯教授用水的运动作类比来解释光的运动。四个短语的意思分别为：by analogy with“通过和.类比”；by virtue of“借助由于”；in line with“和.一致”；in terms of “从.方面来说”，因此选A。25.分析 答案选D。本题考察动词短语的辨析。本句意为：汤姆现在破产了。他陷入了绝望，因为他的所有努力最终都白费了。四个短语的意思分别为;tumble to“恍然大悟”；hinge on“由.决定”；inflict on“使承受，使遭受”；culminate in “以.告终”，因此选D。26.分析 答案选A。本题考查介词短语的辨析。本句意为：时尚通常被认为和服装有关，然而更重要的是，要认识到时尚包含更多因素。四个短语的意思分别为：in relation to“和.有关”；in proportion to “与.成正比例”；by means of “通过.方法”；on behalf of “代表”，因此选A。27.分析 答案为A。本题考查习语。Blow ones own trumpet/horn意为“自吹自擂”。28.分析 答案为A。本题考查习语。Come in handy意为”派上用场，迟早有用”。29.分析 答案为A。本题考查习语。Be/feel at home doing sth.意为“无拘无束，舒服自在”。30.分析 答案为D。本题考查习语。At sea 意为“茫然，困惑”。31.Shes always been kind to me -I cant just turn_on her now that she needs my help.(2007.TME-4)A.my back B.my head C.my eye D.shoulder32.Mary sat at the table,looked at the plate and_his lips.(2007.TME-4) A.smacked B.opened C.parted D.seperated33. The thieves fled with the local police close on their_.(2006.TME-4) A.backs B.necks C.toes D.heels31. 分析 答案为A。本题考查习语。Turn ones back on sb.意为“拒绝帮助某人”。32. 分析 答案为A。本题考查习语。Smack/lick ones lips意为“咂嘴唇（表示津津有味地吃喝或回味）”。33. 分析 答案为D。本题考查习语。Close on ones heels或at ones heels 意为“紧跟着某人”。自测习题用方框中的短语代替句子划线部分。Example: call on I visited all my cousins last year. I called on all my cousins last year.bring about bring up call off carry out come across get off leave out look into look over make up pick out put off put on put outRun into turn off wait on1. The rain extinguished the huge forest fire.2. John invented that joke about the talking dog.3. You should leave the bus at the corner of First and Maple.4. We are going to investigate the disappearance of the mony.5. The parliament fulfilled the Prime Ministers program.6. Well have to postpone the dance until next Friday .7. Margaret discovered that quotation in a pome.8. Boys usually enjoy selecting gifts for their friends.9. The chairmans orders caused a change in policy.10. They extinguish the street lights at the same time every morning.11. Ten young ladies served the customers.12. The county fair was canceled because of financial difficulties.13. Anne met a former high school classmate last week.14. We have to wear our best clothes for the dinner.15. The Board of Education usually examines the class schedule.16. Please omit the last ten names on the list.17. The nurses raised the problem of overcrowding in the hospital.选用适当的短语，完成下面的对话。bear on break into call for call on disagree with figure on find.outGet around go without live on point.out see to stand for stick toTalk.over1. Do all birds eat insects as their main food? No,some birds_seeds.2. Do vegetables upset your stomach? Yes,all vegetables_me.3. Have you ever tired eating only two meals a day? No,Ive never_my third meal.4. Doesnt Jack like to recite in class? No,he doesnt like to be_.5. Will the next chapter be related to political problems? Yes,the fifth chapter will_politics.6. What do the stars in the U.S.flag represent?They_the 50states.7. Does that speaker always wander away from his topic? Thats right.He doesnt usually_his subject.8. How many pounds of fruit will the restaurant need? The chef alw