词法：动词1——时态.docx

初三英语总复习（一）动词时态前言：要掌握一个时态一般要掌握三个方面的知识：1.意义（用法）2.结构3.常用时间状语l 时态一、 一般现在时1.意义（用法）：（1）经常发生的动作（常与表示频率的时间状语，如always, every morning, sometimes, seldom, once a month,never等词连用）e.g. I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.（2）客观真理或名人名言e.g.The earth moves around the sun. Pride goes before a fall. 骄兵必败（3）预先计划好的行为（时刻表）。e.g.The meeting begins at 7:00.会议七点钟开始。 The train leaves at night oclock. 火车9点发车。（4）在时间状语从句（when）和条件状语从句（if）中，用一般现在时代替将来时e.g.When he comes home after school, he will do his homework first. If time allows, we will go there tomorrow.注意：是在从句中用一般现在表将来 If如果译为“是否”，从句中不可用一般表将来2.结构：动词原形或第三人称单数（一般加s）特殊的第三人称单数：（1） 以s、o、x、ch、sh结尾的词三单加es例：goes、crosses、washes（2） 以y结尾的词加s（前为元音）或将y变成ies（前为辅音）例：flies、plays、enjoys3.常用时间状语now, always, usually, regularly, every morning, sometimes, occasionally, from time to time, twice a week, rarely, seldom, once a month, hardly, ever, never4.练习（1）When will you come to see me，Dad?I will go to see you when you _ the training course.A.will have finished B.will finish C.are finishing D.finish（2）Do you like the new pen?Yes，it _ very well.A.is written B.is writing C.writes D.wrote（3）If he the exam, he will be praised.A.is passing B.pass C.passes D.will pass二、 现在进行时1.意义（用法）：（1）表示正在进行或持续的动作（这时句中常有now，还有look，listen开头的句子）。e.g. They are playing basketball now. Listen！She is singing an English song.（2）当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，即“近枪把”（句中常有this week, these days）。e.g. We are making model planes these days.（3）一些表示开始、结束、位移的动词可以用进行时表示将来（要有将来的时间状语，否则谁看得懂？）开始：start、begin终结：close、end、stop位移：go、come、leave、fly、move、drive、fall2.结构：be+doing特殊的ing形式：（1）去e加ing例：Taking（2）双写加ing例：swimming, beginning（3）ie变ying例：dying,lying3.常用时间状语：now，this week, these days特殊：如与always, forever连用表示感情色彩（抱怨）e.g. You are always playing computer games after school.4.补充：一定不能用现在进行时的情况：表示感觉的词，如：hear, see, smell, taste, feel表示感情的词，如：hate, love, like表想法的词，如：want, wish, believe, expect, realize, know表示存在或所属的词，如：exist, have三、一般过去时1.意义（用法）：表示过去某个时间发生的动作e.g. I had a word with Julia this morning.He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up.2.结构：动词过去式did3.常用时间状语：yesterday, last week, in1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when4.补充：used to do,be used to doing, be used to do,的区别（1）used to do sth 过去常常做某事（言下之意现在不做了）e.g. I used to work fourteen hours a day.I used to smoke.Did you use to get up at 6 oclock? No. I didnt get up at 6 oclock.（2）be used to doing 习惯做某事（不是过去时）e.g. I am used to getting up at 6 oclock. He is used to working fourteen hours a day.（3）be used to do 被用于（被动语态）e.g.The knife is uesd to cut bread.5. 练习（1）Ted was worn out that he just down and slept for ten hours.A. Lied B. laid C. lay D. had lain（2）Shirley _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished.A.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing四、过去进行时1.意义（用法）：表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作（常与at 9 p.m. last Sunday等表示过去某一具体时间的词连用，也常用于when，while连接的两句句子）e.g. I was doing my homework at 9 p.m. last Sunday.My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.I was doing my homework when my mother came in.2.结构：was/were doing3.常用时间状语：at 9 p.m. last Sunday等表示过去某一具体时间的词连用，也常用于when，while连接的两句句子（与现在进行时一样与always, forever连用表示情感色彩）4.练习1. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it.A.was traveling B.traveledC.had been traveling D.was to travel五、一般将来时1.意义（用法）：表示将来的动作或状态2.结构：（1）will /wont do（主语为第一人称I/We 时可以用shall/shant）e.g. Well have a test at the end of this term. We shant have barbecue this weekend.（2）be going to doe.g. It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today. 与will的区别：will侧重表示人的意志，而be going to侧重表示客观情况3.常用时间状语：表示将来时间状语，如： tomorrow（明天）, next week（下周）, in the future（将来）,in half an hour等。4.补充：go，come，leave，arrive,start,stop等表位移、开始、终结的词可用进行时表 将来时e.g. Im leaving for Beijing. 我要去北京。5.练习：（1）Do you know when Tom _ from abroad?Perhaps it will be a long time before he _.A.will come; will come B.comes; will comeC.will come; comes D.comes; comes六、 过去将来时1.意义（用法）：表示过去某时之后将出现的情况（常用于宾语从句中）e.g. I thought he would come. 我以为他会来。Jenny never imagined that she would become a doctor.詹妮从没想到自己会当 医生。2.结构：would do3.常用时间状语：表示过去的某一时间七、现在完成时1.意义：现在完成时意义通常有以下两种：（1）表示已发生过的动对现在有影响（与过去时的区别所在）e.g. I have spent all of my money, so Jane had to pay for the dinner. I have lost my key. I cant enter my home now.（2）表示过去某一时刻发生，持续到现在的动作（常与 for+一段时间，since+过去时间点，until now, so far, in the past few years, up to the present连用）e.g. I have lived here for 3 years. I have lived here since I was ten.I have not heard from her so far.We have learned five hundred words up to the present.2.结构：have/ has done3.常用时间状语：for+一段时间，since+过去时间点，until now, so far, in the past few years, up to the present（也可不加时间状语，只要意义正确）4.两个用现在完成时的特殊句型（1）It（This） is 序数词（the only） 名词 （that） 现完e.g. It is the second time I have been Japan.（2）It（This） is 形容词最高级 名词 （that） 现完e.g. It is the best film I have ever seen.5.练习：（1）How long _ at this job?Since 1990.A.were you employed B.have you been employed C.had you been employedD.will you be employed（2）We would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we _ out his address yet,A.havent found B.hadnt foundC.didnt find D.dont find（3）Is this the third time that you _ late?A.have been B.am C.was D.had been（4）How are you today?Oh，I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time.A.didnt feel B.wasnt feelingC.dont feel D.havent felt八、过去完成时1.意义：表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。（常用by, before等介词短语表示过去某一时间，或者在从句中相较一个过去的时间）e.g. By (Before) nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. They found that someone had broken their house last night.2.结构：had done3.常用时间状语：by, before等介词短语表示过去某一时间，也可以用一个表示过去的动作表示，从句或上下文来表示。4.补充：从句中的过去完成时（1）定语从句：e.g. I returned the book that I had borrowed. She found the key that she had lost. （2）told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的e.g. He said that he had known her well. I thought I had sent the letter a week before. （3）状语从句： 如when, before, after, as soon as, till/until引导的时间状语从句。e.g. When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work. By (Before)his mother came in, he had finished all his homework.5.练习（