主动语态和被动语态.doc

主动语态和被动语态一语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，要用主动语态。如：We speak Chinese in China.在中国我们说汉语。如果主语是动作的承受者 ，则用被动语态。如：Chinese is spoken by us in China.在中国汉语被我们说。二、主动语态改成被动语态方法1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;2. 谓语动词变为be+及物动词的过去分词，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;3 主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by的短语可以省略);例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week .三、被动语态在各种时态中的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages.4 过去完成时的被动语态，had been +动词过去分词。The workers woke up to find that work had been done overnight.工人醒来后发现工作已经被连夜干完。He said that he wouldnt go to the opening ceremony because he hadnt been invited.他说过他不会参加开幕式，因为他没被邀请。5 将来完成时的被动语态，will have been+动词过去分词。By the end of next year, many more high-rises will have been built around there.到明年年底的时候，这里会建立起更多的高楼。All the housework will have been finished before my mother comes back.在我妈回来之前，所有的家务都会被干完6 .一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Many more trees will be planted next year.7 过去将来时的被动，would be +动词过去分词。We were told that their wedding would be held in the church.我们被告知他们的婚礼将在教堂举行。We heard that the exam results would be announced the next week.我们听说考试结果将在下周宣布。8. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tom now.9 过去进行时的被动语态，was(were) being+动词过去分词。Two of the glasses were broken when they were being washed.在清洗时，有两只玻璃杯被打碎了。We had to take another way because the road was being repaired.我们不得不改道，因为那条路正在被修理。10含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often.11不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted.四、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。Aopen，lock，write，read，sell，clean，wash，cut，burn，drive，peel等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动形式表被动意义。如：This orange peels easily这个橘子很容易剥皮。This kind of skirt sells well here.这种样式的衬衫很好卖。This kind of cloth washes well.这种布耐洗。The car drives well.这辆车很好开。Blook，sound，taste，smell，feel等系动词用主动形式表被动意义。如：Uniforms look ugly on us我们穿着制服很难看。Mooncakes taste delicious月饼尝起来很好。The song sounds wonderful这首歌听上去极棒。C在be worth doing中，doing表被动意义。如：This book is worth reading这本书值得一读。The topic is well worth talking about这个话题很值得讨论。The football match is well worth watching。这场足球赛很值得观看。Dwant，need，require等动词表示需要，后面常可跟verb-ing形式表被动，相当于to be done。如：My bike needs repairingMy bike needs to be repaired我的自行车需要修理。Your hair wants cutting你的头发该理了。The room needs cleaning这个房间需要打扫。E当break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out等动词表示发生、关闭、制定等意思时表主动。如：The plan worked out successfully计划很切实可行。An earthquake took place in Tangshan in 19761976年唐山发生地震。3、被动形式表主动意义Abe seated坐着，就座，相当于seat oneself。如：He is seated on a bench He seats himself on a bench他坐在凳子上。Please be seated，ladies and gentlemen!女士们，先生们，请就座！Bbe hidden躲藏，相当于hide oneself。如：He was hidden behind the doorHe hid himself behind the door他藏在门后。Cbe lost迷路。如：He was lost in the forest他在森林里迷路了。Dbe drunk喝醉Ebe dressed穿着。如：The girl was dressed in a red short skirt。 这个女孩穿着一件红色的短裙。4. 感官动词或使役动词使用省 略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do something The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss5. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket. A ticket was shown to me by him.6. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We cant laugh at him. He cant be laughed at by us.1.-Could you tell me whom the radio _ by? -Sorry, I have no idea.A invents B invented C is invented D was invented2. The young man was often seen _ by the lake.A to draw B to drawing C draw D drew.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:1We often use a recorder in our English class.2They will show a new film next week.3When did they build the house?4 I saw the boy enter the room.5Will they show a new film next week?6Have they posted the letter yet?7We often see him help his classmate.8You must turn off the light before you go to bed9Who is repairing the bike?10The student should learn all the texts by heart.选择填空:1.The reading room _ yesterday afternoon. A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned2.The workers were made _ ten hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked3.Food _ in a cool place in summer. A. must keep B. mustnt keep C. must be kept D. mustnt be kept4.His father _ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago. A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent5.The pen _ well. A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing6.Great changes _ in the town since 1988. A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. has taken place D. has been taken place7.Our compositions must _ next Monday. A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in8.The child will _ back to his parents next month. A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending9._ his work _ yet? A. havebeen finished B. has been finished C. has finished D. havefinished10.The classroom _ now A. is cleaning B. is being cleaning C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:1Can he _ (speak) English?2What language _ (speak) in that country?3The film _ (show) many times since last Sunday.4These TV sets _ (make) in Sichuan.5It has got so dark. Would you please _ (turn) on the light?6A new hospital _ (build) in this area now.7_ the book _ (return).8 Rice _ (grow) in the south.9 The window _ (not break) by the boy.10 I _ (tell) he _ (not come) just now.将下列句子改为被动语态，并根据情况保留或去掉动作的执行者1.They will say nothing more about this matter.2. They have made some flowers of silk.3. He wrote a poem.4. The students are planting some trees and flowers.5. They are to open up a new business next week.6. Children couldnt have done all this damage.7. All of us will see him off at the airport.8. They feed the tigers at the zoo three times a day.9. You must hand in your homework before five.10. People say that she is a good teacher. 用所给动词的正确形式填空1. English _ (speak) in many countries.2. Information in short-t