高中英语知识点精讲系列四.doc

高中英语知识点精讲系列四一、语言知识点： 1. prepare+ sth prepare+ sth for sth prepare+ for sth prepare+ to do sth be prepared for be prepared to do sth make preparations for2. They tied for first place in the game.We tied with the visiting team in the basketball match.The dog is tied to a tree.3. affect vt. 影响 effect n. 效果，作用 have a good/bad effect on in effect事实上 cause and effect因果 take effect生效，起作用 come into effect生效，实行 effort n. 努力 without effort毫不费力 make every effort尽一切努力 spare no effort不遗余力3. weigh vt. 称的重量 vi. 重达， 重量为 put on weight lose weight by weight in meters/pounds/calories by the day/the week/the yard/the dozen/the ton4. compete in参加比赛 compete+ with/against与竞赛/竞争 compete+ for角逐，为获取而竞赛5. Where there is a river, there is a city.Where there is a will, there is a way.Where there is life, there is hope.6. do sthwould rather+ (not) do sthwould rather+ do sth than do sth=would do sth rather than do sth=prefer to do sth rather than do sthwould rather+ that-clause+ did表现在或将来would rather+ that-clause+ had done表过去7. do damage to sthlive ones dreamin ruins/in piecesunder attack/discussion/construction/consideration/treatment8. almost: 差距比nearly小。可与never, no, no one, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere等否定词连用，但不能 与not连用。 nearly: 不可与上述否定词连用，但可与not连用，构成 Notnearly, 意为远非，远不及 二、语法专题形容词和副词的考点1. 形容词和副词的辨析：一般无规律可循，只能在于平常时多积累。我们应注意这几点：(1)分清形容词和副词各自的语法功能，即形容词常用作定语，而副词常用作状语；(2)掌握具体的形容词、副词的基本含义和语法功能。如therefore意为所以，在句中起关联作用。(3)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加-ly，意义不太相同，应加以分辨。常见的有：close接近closely仔细地，密切地；high高highly高度地；free免费freely自由地，自如地；late晚，迟lately近来；deep深deeply深刻地，深入地；near邻近nearly几乎； hard努力地hardly几乎不；most最mostly主要地；wide宽阔widely广泛地；easy从容地easily容易地(4)有些副词与形容词的词形完全相同。换言之，有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性。常见的有：early, straight, slow, enough, fast, hard, long, firm等。2. 形容词和副词的词序：(1)enough用作形容词修饰名词时，可前可后；用作副词修饰形容词或副词时，只能位于之后。例：enough time/time enough; strong enough。(2)形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置，something important。(3)as, how, so, too修饰单数名词时，其词序为：as/how/so/too+adj.+a/an+n.，too large a room; how interesting a film; Mike is as clever a boy as Tom。(4)such修饰单数名词时，其词序为：such+a/an+adj.+n.，such a large room; 但名词前是one, some, many, all, no等修饰时，其词序为：one/some/many/all/no+such+adj.+n.。(5)多个形容词作定语时的词序为：县官行令宴国才限定词描绘性形容词大小、长短、高低等形容词新旧颜色国家、地区材料用途被修饰名词。限定词包括：前位限定词，如：倍数词、分数词及all, both, half, double等；中位限定词，如：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、所有格及some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough, much, whose等；后位限定词，如：基数词，序数词及little(表示少)，few, last, next, other, another, more, less, most, several, least, plenty of等不定量代词；限定词的排列顺序：前位中位后位中心词。(6)倍数的表示法：A is n times bigger than B.A is n times as big asA is n times the size ofJohn has five times as many books as I (do).3. 形容词和副词的比较等级：(1)当AB时，比较级than(2)当AB，且B包含A时He is older than any of the other boys(=any other boy) in his class.当AB，但B不包含A时He is richer than any of the people here.Im taller than any student of your class.(3)比较级and比较级：表示自身的变化The比较级，the比较级：表示随之变化。(4)否定词谓语比较级相当于最高级Ive never seen a nicer bird than this one.How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.(5)常见的无比较级、最高级的形容词和副词有：cpmparative(ly), relative(ly), particular(ly), special(ly), excellent(ly), extreme(ly), perfect(ly), complete(ly)等。(6)more+原级+than: 与其说不如说。(7)可以修饰比较级的副词有：any, even, far, much, rather, still, yet, a bit, a little, a lot, by far, 但不可加very, many, more, fairly, quite(但quite better除外)。4. 形容词和副词的成分区别：(1)不能作定语的形容词(大多数以a开头)：afraid, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, awake, ill, well, 若要作定语，则分别改用frightened, similar, living, lone, shy, sleeping, waking, sick, healthy; 有时这些形容词也可以作定语，但一般作后置定语。(2)作状语一般用副词，但有时形容词可作伴随状语。He hurried home, full of fear./ All men all created equal.三、题型归纳语境、语境语法型单项填空在题干上附加一些语言信息，将词法、句法等知识融入到语境之中，使试题语境化，其特点是：如果单独看空白和选项，各个选项都是正确的。然而，将题干和选项联系起来考虑，就只有一个最佳选项。常见的题型有：(1)对话语境；运用对话语境命题是高考的一种趋势，应该正确理解对话双方的语气、时态、语态，从而确定正确的选项；(2)句中的语境：有些试题选项中的一个或几个好像都适用这个问题，但是，根据句子的语境的意义，就可判断出只有一个是最佳答案；(3)动词的时态和语态，情态动词及语气，形容词和副词的级。1. -Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty?-Mom, I_ my store room downstairs.A. cleaned B. have cleaned C. was cleaning D. have been cleaning2. -I think Gorge doesnt really care for TV plays.-Right, _ he still watches the program.A. and B. but C. or D. so3. If you cant come tomorrow, well_ have to hold the meeting next week.A. yet B. even C. rather D. just4. Im going to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything_ to your brother there?A. to take B. to be taken C. taken D. take5. We are sure everything here_ by the time you come back from abroad in a few years.A. had changed B. will have changed C. had been changed D. will have been changed6. Hello, you_ 323-65668. Im sorry but Im unable to answer your call right now.A. reached B. are reaching C. have reached D. had reached7. The meeting is not over, and you_ not leave.A. will B. shall C. may D. need8. Had I learnt English well, I_ the interview for the job tomorrow.A. would take B. would have taken C. shall take D. could be taken9. Bob is_ honest boy, and he wont tell lies.A. most B. the most C. a most D. very much10. With the doctors treatment, Sally feels_ better now.A. very B. fairly C. so D. quite11. Though the ship sunk, all the people on her_ be rescued.A. could B. should C. had to D. were able to12. We will all appreciate_ you can come to join us in developing my hometown.A. that if B. it if C. it that D. that when13. _ he said to us yesterday_ true?A. What can, was B. That can, w