艺考生课程——语法 第四十九讲 宾语从句.docx

2015年学大教育艺考生课程语法 第四十九讲 宾语从句适用学科英语适用年级高三年级适用区域人教版课时时长（分钟）60分钟知识点1. 宾语从句的分类 2. 宾语从句的引导词2. 宾语从句的时态 4. 宾语从句的语序 5. 宾语从句中应该注意的考点教学目标让学生了解宾语从句的考点，并学会练会考题教学重点1. 宾语从句的引导词 2. 宾语从句的时态 3. 宾语从句的语序教学难点宾语从句的时态及引导词的正确使用教学过程一、 课堂导入：教师读句子，让学生跟读：1. I am afraid that I have made a mistake. 2. We know that they were in Beijing last night.3. Could you please tell me where the post office is? 4. I cant make sense of what he said at the meeting.5. We know that they were in Beijing last night.6. She said that Tom was reading a book at 9 yesterday evening. 7. He told me that the earth goes around the sun.二、复习预习教师出示上节课预留的练习题，针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，根据学生实际情况进行讲解分析；以提问、回顾的形式引导学生复习上节课内容；讲上面那三个题导入本节课所要学习的宾语从句的知识点。三、知识讲解知识点1 ：宾语从句的分类在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句的构成：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：1. 及物动词后的宾语从句。（动宾关系）如：I know (that) you are a student.2. 介词后的宾语从句。（介宾关系）如：She always thinks of how she can work well. 3.有些形容词（afraid, sure, glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。如：I am not sure whether he will come tomorrow.知识点2：宾语从句的引导词1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句。由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。2. 用who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。例如：I doubt whether our team can win the match. 我怀疑我们队能否赢这场比赛。Iwantedtoknowif/whethermygrandmalikedthehandbag.我想知道我的祖母是否喜欢这个手提包。Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.她问我她是否能够借这些书。注意：一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.知识点3：宾语从句的时态1.主句时一般现在时，从句时态不受主句时态影响，可根据具体情况而定。如：I believe that things will get better.我相信情况会有好转。 I think Lucy is a good student. 我认为Lucy是一个好学生。2.主句为过去时，从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生。如：He asked me if I was reading the story A Tale of Two Cities when he came in. 他问我当他进来的时候我是否正在读小说双城记。 She only knew he was studying in a western country, but she didnt know what country he was in. 她只知道他当时在西方国家读书，可不知道是哪个国家。3.主句为过去时，从句用过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，从句用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动词之后。如：He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. 他告诉我他已经告诉Mary有关哪个会议的事情了。The reporter asked if the leader would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问领导是否会采取必要的措施去把事情解决掉。 4.如果从句时一个客观真理，格言或表示具体的过去的事情，那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态变化，要使用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。知识点4：宾语从句的语序宾语从句都用陈述句语序。E.g.: He didnt tell me where he was going.他没告诉我他想去哪儿。Can you tell me what he said just now？你能告诉我他刚才说什么吗？知识点5：宾语从句中应该注意的考点一、宾语从句的否定转移在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等时，如果主句为I 或we时，从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等前。如：I dont suppose he will come.我猜他不会来。注意：如果主句主语不是I或we，则not不前移。如：She thinks she cant arrive there on time.她认为她不能按时到那儿。二、宾语从句中虚拟语气在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“should+ 动词原形”，should也可以省略。She suggested we (should)leave here at once.她建议我们立即离开这儿。The doctor ordered she should be operated.医生命令她应该做手术。三、it作形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。结构常是：主语+动词+ it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句。常见动词有think, consider, find, feel, make, take, believe, bring如: We heard it that she would get married next month. 我们听说她下月将要结婚。四、could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?vCouldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?vWouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?四、例题精析【例题1】Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that B. it C. this D. you【答案】B【解析】某些动词和动词短语（如appreciate，like，hate，see to等）后面不能直接带从句，往往需先插入it再带that，if或when引导的从句。【例题2】Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. A. why B. where C. that D. what【答案】C【解析】本题考查宾语从句的连接词的选择。由于题干当中不缺少句子成分，再结合翻译“专家相信，必要时候才去购买，这样人们能够浪费更少的食物。”所以正解为C。【例题3】Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. whatC. whoD. that【答案】A【解析】本题考查宾语从句。由于从句中句意清楚，结构完整，故可排除B、C项；D项用于宾语从句时只起引导词的作用，无词义，同时不充当任何成分，而题干上下文表示因果关系，故选A。【例题4】I dont understand _ he said just now.【答案】what【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。从句缺宾语，根据句意“我不明白他刚刚所说的”，故填what。【例题5】I m not sure he will come to see me tomorrow【答案】whether/if【解析】本题考查宾语从句的连接词。根据句意“我不确定他明天是否会来看我。”判断连接词为是否。If/whether意为“是否”。五、课堂运用【基础】1We were all surprised when he made it clear that he office soon.A. leaves B. would leaveC. had left D. had been away【答案】B【解析】本题考查宾语从句。根据关键词soon可知动作尚未发生，又因主句谓语动词made为过去时，故选B。2I dont know _or notA whether he is at homeB if he is at homeC that he is at home D whether is he at home【答案】A【解析】考查宾语从句。有or not, 只能用whether， 从句用陈述句语序，故选A。3Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future.【答案】how【解析】题干中的“_important education is to their childrens future”应理解为：education为主语，important是is的表语；to their childrens future是状语，所以空格处应为how修饰important。【巩固】1、-I wonder _ they will come here with tomorrow.A. whether B. when C. who D. how【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。后面的with决定了用who。2、The children dont know is in their stockings.【答案】what【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词，从句缺主语，其次根据句意可知用what。3、The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.【答案】what【解析】介词at之后是宾语从句，其中I thought是插入语。从句缺主语，应填连接代词，其次根据句意可知用what.【拔高】1、-Could you let me know _ yesterday?-Because the traffic was heavy.A. why did you come late B. why you came lateC. why do you come late D. why you come late【答案】B【解析】yesterday表明宾语从句应用一般过去时，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。2、He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _ his teammates had done. A. what B. whichC. why D. while【答案】A【解析】由句式结构可知mention后为宾语从句；do作实意动词时为及物动词，故空格处需要既能作do的宾语，又能引导宾语从句的连词，答案为A。3、I think Father would like to know _ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick noteA. which B. why C. what D. How【答案】C【解析】what引导宾语从句，并在宾语从句中作短语be up to 的宾语。课程小结本节课主要围绕宾语从句的五大考点进行讲解，即：1、宾语从句的分类 2、宾语从句的引导词3、宾语从句的时态 4、宾语从句的语序 5、宾语从句中应该注意的考点学生应该掌握并灵活地运用这些知识。课后作业【基础】 1.We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：我们承诺，不管谁参加这次聚会，他都会获得一次和电影明星合影的机会。本空既要作promise的宾语，又要引导宾语从句，只有whoever能身兼两职，whomever只能作宾语，不能作主语。 2.The message you intend to convey through word may be the exact opposite of others actually understand,A. why B. that C. which D. what【答案】D【解析】句意：“你想要通过语言表达的信息可能会与其他人实际理解的信息完全相反。”考查了what引导宾语从句的用法，what在句中作understand的宾语。3、The villagers have already known well do is to rebuild the bridge.A. this B. that C. what D. which【答案】C【解析】句意：“村民们已经知道了我们将要做的事是重建这座桥梁。”what引导的是宾语从句，作know的宾语，同时what在宾语从句中作do的宾语。【巩固】 1、Scientists study _human brains work to make computers.A. when B. how C. that D. whether【答案】B【解析】本题考查的是名词性从句。根据句意可知应该选B。 2、No one can be sure _in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. m