上海外研版大学英语全套课文文本全收录（14册）.doc

上海外研版大学英语全套课文文本全收录（1-4册）大学英语第一册第1课Want to know how to improve your grades without having to spend more time studying? Sounds too good to be true? Well, read on. HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR STUDY HABITS Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. You do well enough in school, but you probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily the case, however. You can receive better grades if you want to. Yes, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work. Heres how: Plan your time carefully, Make a list of your weekly tasks. Then make a schedule or chart of your time. Fill in committed time such as eating, sleeping, meetings, classes, etc. Then decide on good, regular times for studying. Be sure to set aside enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignments. Of course, studying shouldnt occupy all of the free time on the schedule. Its important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well. This weekly schedule may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you more aware of how you spend your time. Furthermore, it will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play. Find a good place to study. Choose one place for your study area. It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions. When you begin to work, you should be able to concentrate on the subject. Skim before you read. This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully. As you preview the material, you get some idea of the content and how it is organized. Later when you begin to read you will recognize less important material and you may skip some of these portions. Skimming helps double your reading speed and improves your comprehension as well. Make good use of your time in class. Listening to what the teacher say in class means less work later. Sit where you can see and hear well. Take notes to help you remember what the teacher says. Study regularly. Go over your notes as soon as you can after class. Review important points mentioned in class as well as points you remain confused about. Read about these points in your textbook. If you know what the teacher will discuss the next day, skim and read that material too. This will help you understand the next class. If you review your notes and text book regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember it longer. Regular review leads to improved performance on tests. Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world wont end if you dont pass a test, so dont worry excessively about a single test. Tests provide grades, but they also let you know what you need to spend more time studying, and they help make your new knowledge permanent. There are other techniques that might help you with your studying. Only a few have been mentioned here. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these. Talk with your classmates about their study techniques. Share with them some of the techniques you have found to be helpful. Improving your study habits will improve your grades. New Words unit n. grade n. the mark given to a pupil for his work in school average a. ordinary intelligence n. ability to learn and understand top a. best; highest necessarily ad. inevitably case n. what has really happened; actual condition additional a. added weekly a. done or happening every week schedule n. timetable chart n. big drawing or map to hive information commit Vt. etc. ad. (Latin, shortened form for et cetera) and other things normal a. usual assignment n. sth. given out as a task occupy Vt. take up relaxation n. (sth. done for) rest and amusement hobby n. what one likes to do in ones free time entertainment n. show, party, etc. that people enjoy solve Vt. find the answer to (a problem) furthermore ad. moreover; in addition enable Vt. make (sb.) able (to do sth.) activity n. sth. (to be) done adequate a. as much as one needs; enough area n. any place, or part of it distraction n. sth. that draws away the mind or attention concentrate (on or upon) Vt. pay close attention (to) subject n. sth. (to be) studied, talked or written about skim Vt. read quickly to get the main ideas of passage n. part of a book, story, speech, etc. preview Vt. have a general view of sth. beforehand content n. what is written in a book organize Vt. form into a whole skip Vt. pass over portion n. part; share double v. make or become twice as great or as many comprehension n. ability to understand mention Vt. speak or write about sth. in a few words remain vi. continue to be confused a. troubled in mind performance n. achievement develop Vt. acquire gradually attitude n. what one thinks about sth purpose n. aim excessively ad. too much permanent a. lasting for a long time; never changing technique n. way of doing sth. Phrases & Expressions fill in : write in decide on : make a choice or decision about set aside : save for a special purpose be aware (of) : know (sth.); know (what is happening) look over : examine (quickly) go over : review 大学英语第一册第2课At sixty-five Francis Chichester set out to sail single-handed round the world. This is the story of that adventure. SAILING ROUND THE WORLD Before he sailed round the world single-handed. Francis Chichester had already surprised his friends several times. He had tried to fly round the world but failed. That was in 1931. The years passed. He gave up flying and began sailing. He enjoyed it greatly. Chichester was already 58 years old when he won the first solo transatlantic sailing race. His old dream of going round the world came back, but this time he would sail. His friends and doctors did not think he could do it, as he had lung cancer. But Chichester was determined to carry out his plan. In august, 1966, at the age of nearly sixty-five, an age when many men retire, he began the greatest voyage of his life. Soon, he was away in his new 16-metre boat, Gipsy Moth. Chichester followed the route of the great nineteenth century clipper ships. But the clippers had had plenty of crew. Chichester did it all by himself, even after the main steering device had been damaged by gales. Chichester covered 14, 100 miles before stopping in Sydney, Australia. This was more than twice the distance anyone had previously sailed alone. He arrived in Australia on 12 December, just 107 days out from England. He received a warm welcome from the Australians and from his family who had flown there to meet him. On shore, Chichester could not walk without help. Everybody said the same thing: he had done enough; he must not go any further. But he did not listen. After resting in Sydney for a few weeks, Chichester set off once more in spite of his friends attempts to dissuade him. The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part, during which he sailed round the treacherous Cape Horn. On 29 January he lift Australia. The next night, the blackest he had ever known, the sea became so rough that the boat almost turned over. Food, clothes, and broken glass were all mixed together. Fortunately, the damage to the boat was not too serious. Chichester calmly got into bed and went to sleep. When he woke up, the sea had become calm again. Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away. After succeeding in sailing round Cape Horn, Chichester sent the following radio message to London: I feel as if I had wakened from a nightmare. Wild horses could not drag me down to Cape Horn and that sinister Southern Ocean again. Just before 9 Oclock on Sunday evening 28 May, 1967, he arrived back in England, where a quarter of a million people were waiting to welcome him. Queen Elizabeth II knighted him with the very sword that Queen Elizabeth I had used almost 400 years earlier to knight Sir Francis Drake after he had sailed round the world for the first time. The whole voyage from England and back had covered 28,500 miles. It had taken him nine months, of which the sailing time was 226 days. He had done what he wanted to accomplish. Like many other adventurers, Chichester had experienced fear and conquered it . In doing so, he had undoubtedly learnt something about him. Moreover, in the modern age when human beings depend so much on machines, he had given men throughout the world new pride. New Words single-handed a., ad. (done) by one person alone adventure n. solo a. ? handed transatlantic a. crossing the Atlantic Ocean lung n. part of the body with which one breathes cancer n. determined a. with ones mind firmly made up retire vi. stop working at ones job (because of age) voyage n. sea journey route n. way from one place to another clipper n. crew n. group of people who work together on a ship or airplane steering device n. gale n. very strong wind cover Vt. travel ( a certain distance ) previously ad. before attempt v., n. try dissuade Vt. prevent (sb. from doing sth. by reasoning treacherous a. more dangerous than it seems cape n. rough a. stormy; not moving gently fortunately ad. luckily damage n. harm loss contact Vt. get in touch with nearby ad. close by following a. next nightmare n. terrible dream sinister a. knight n. Vt. Sir n. title used before the name of a knight accomplish Vt. finish successfully adventurer n. cxperience Vt. meet with conquer Vt. overcome undoubtedly ad. certainly moreover ad. in addition being n a living thing, esp. a person Phrases & Expressions (all) by oneself (completely) alone set off start a journey, race etc. in spite of not taking notice of, not caring about by far by a large amount or degree. turn over (cause to) fall over, upset can not help can not keep oneself from Proper Names Francis Chichester 弗朗西斯.奇切斯特 Jipsy Moth 吉普赛.莫斯 Sydney 悉尼(澳大利亚城市) Australia 澳大利亚 Elizabeth 伊丽莎白(女子名) Cape Horn 合恩角(智利) Drake 德雷克(姓氏) 大学英语第一册第3课They say that blood is thicker than water, that our relatives are more important to us than others. Everyone was so kind to the old lady on her birthday. Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort to please her? THE PRESENT It was the old ladys birthday. she got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came. Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldnt forget her mothers birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged. The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner. One evening, however, Enid said, Ive arranged for Mrs. Morrison to look after you for a few days, Mother. Tomorrow Ive to go into hospital- just a minor operation. Ill soon be home. In the morning she went, but never came back- she died on the operating table. Myra came to the funeral, and in her efficient way arranged for Mrs. Morrison to come in and light the fire and give the old lady her breakfast. Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never. The old lady was eighty today. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps- perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it. Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited- like a child. She would enjoy her day. Yesterday Mrs. Morrison had given the flat an extra clean, and today she had brought a card and a bunch of marigolds when she came to do the breakfast. Mrs. Grant downstairs had made a cake, and in the afternoon she was going down there to tea. The little boy, Johnnie, had been up with a packet of mints, and said he wouldnt go out to play until the post had come. I guess youll get lots and lots of presents, I did last week when I was six. What would she like? A pair of slippers perhaps. Or a new cardigan. A cardigan would be lovely. Blues such a pretty colour. Jim had always liked her in blue. Or a table lamp. Or a book, a travel book, with pictures, or a little clock, with clear black numbers. So many lovely things. She stood by the window, watching. The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle. Her heart beat fast. Johnnie had seen him too and ran to the gate. Then clatter, clatter up the stairs. Johnnie knocked at her door. Granny, granny, he shouted, Ive got your post. He gave her four envelopes. Three were unsealed cards from old friends. The fourth was sealed, in Myras writing. The old lady felt a pang of disappointment. No parcel, Johnnie? No, granny. Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post. That was it. It would come later by parcel post. She must be patient. Almost reluctantly she tore the envelope open. Folded in the card was a piece of paper. Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy birthday- Buy yourself something nice with the cheque, Myra and Harold. The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. Slowly the old lady stooped to pick it up. Her present, her lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore it into little bits. New Words relative n. post n. letters, parcels, etc. flat n. a set of rooms on one floor rare a. not happening often occasion n. special time; time when sth, happens mayor n. chief official of a city or town medal n. aged a. old content a. satisfied; pleased primary a. first; earliest minor a. not serious or important operating table n. a special table in a hospital, where operations are done funeral n. efficient a. able to plan and work well decade n. ten years endure Vt. bear (pain, suffering, etc.) brighten Vt. make bright or brighter cheek n, either side of the face below the eye extra a. additional clean n. cleaning bunch n. things of the same kind that are tied together marigold n. downstairs ad. to, at, on, a lower floor packet . small parcel or box mint n. slipper n. cardigan n. lovely a. beautiful and attractive to both the heart and the eye beat vi. clatter n. a number of rapid short knocking sounds granny n. (colloq. for) grandmother envelope n. a paper cover for a letter unsealed a. sealed a. writing n. handwriting pang n. sudden, sharp pain disappointment n. sadness because one does not get what one hopes for parcel n. reluctantly ad. unwillingly tear Vt. pull apart or into pieces by fore cheque . fold Vt. bend into two or more parts flutter Vt. move quickly to and fro in the air stoop vi. bend the body forwards and downwards Phrases & Expressions at other times on other occasions round / around the corner very near in distance or time lots of a lot of Proper Names Myra 迈拉(女子名) Enid 伊妮德(女子名) Morrison 莫里森(姓氏及男子名) Grant 格兰特(姓氏及男子名) Johnnie 约翰尼(John 的昵称) Jim 吉姆(James 的昵称) Harold 哈罗德(男子名) 大学英语第一册第4课Many people in the United States spend most of their free time watching television. Certainly, there are many worthwhile programs on television, including news, educational programs for children, programs on current social problems, plays, movies, concerts, and so on. Nevertheless, perhaps people should not be spending so much of their time in front of the TV. Mr. Mayer imagines what we might do if we were forced to find other activities. TURNING OFF TV: A QUIET HOUR I would like to propose that for sixty to ninety minutes each evening, right after the early evening news,all television broadcasting in the United States be prohibited by law. Let us take a serious, reasonable, look at what the results might be if such a proposal were accepted. Families might use the time for a real family hour. Without the distraction of TV, they might sit around together after dinner and actually talk to one another. It is well known that many of our problems-everything, in fact, from the generation gap to the high divorce rate to some forms of mental illness- are caused at least in part by failure to communicate. We do not tell each other what is disturbing us. The result is emotional difficulty of one kind or another. By using the quiet family hour to discuss our problems, we might get to know each other better, and to like each other better. On evenings when such talk is unnecessary, families could rediscover more active pastimes. Freed from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset. or they might take a walk together (remember feet?) and see the neighborhood with fresh, new eyes. With free time and no TV, children and adults might rediscover reading. There is more entertainment in a good book than in a month of typical TV programming. Educators report that the generation growing up with television can barely writ an English sentence, even at the college level. Writing is often learned from reading. A more literate new generation could be a product of the quiet hour. A different form of reading might also be done, as it was in the past: reading aloud. Few pastimes bring a family closer together than g