高二语言点Unit Six Transforming Mars

Unit Six Transforming MarsPart One Language pointsI. Readingdream of/about sth./doing sth.-想象；梦想(否定时可译作，“做梦也没有想到”，“从未想到”）e.g: She dreams of running her own business. It was the kind of trip most of us only dream about. I wouldnt dream of going without you. dream thate.g: I never dreamt that I d actually get the job. 2. transform v.-改变，使转化，使改观e.g: A steam engine transforms heat into power. In only 20 years the country _(transform) into an advanced industrial power. Getting that new job has completely transformed her. Last year, the city spent several million dollars transforming this area into a commercial centre.The scientists are researching on the ways of transforming the desert into irrigated fields.3. similar adj. 相似的，类似的 （比较级：more similar, most similar）be similar to 与相似be similar in 在方面相似e.g: His car is more similar in type to yours, not mine.Your views on education are similar to mine. similarity n. 相似，类似4. involve v. 使（别人或自己）卷入；使介入e.g: Dont involve other people in your mad schemes. If I were you I wouldnt get involved in their problem.B. 包含；需要；使成为必要部分（必然结果）e.g: I didnt realize putting on a play involved so much work. The job involves travelling abroad for three months each year.C. （情况，行动）牵涉，涉及e.g: The accident involved a bus and a truck.5. effect n. 效应；影响；结果e.g: effect on sb. /sth.the effect _ heat _ metal to learn to distinguish between cause and effectHer criticisms had the effect of discouraging him completely.I tried to persuade him, but with little or no effect.（艺术家或作家所要创造的特定）外观，声响，印象，效果e.g: The overall effect of the painting is overwhelming.in effect 实际上，事实上take effect 开始起作用；见效effective adj. 有效的，实际的，事实上的6. conduct v. A. 组织；安排；实施；执行e.g: conduct an experiment/ an inquiry/ a survey 进行实验/询问/调查 The negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner. 指挥（歌唱或音乐演奏）带领；引导；为（某人）导游e.g: The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city.d. 举止；表现e.g: He conducted himself far better than expected. e. 传导（热或电等热量）e.g: Copper conducts electricity better than other materials do. 7. as long as 只要=so long ase.g: As long as you give me another chance, I will do my best.8. spray n.&v. 浪花；水花；飞沫e.g: seaspray A cloud of fine spray came up from the waterfall. 喷剂；喷雾的液体e.g: body sprayC. 喷雾； 液体的喷洒e.g: Ill just give the plants a quick spray.D. 喷；喷洒；向喷洒e.g: Spray the conditioner onto your wet hair. Shes had the car _(spray) blue.e. 向扫射；往上撒e.g: The gunman sprayed the building with bullets. Pieces of glass sprayed all over the room.9. reflect v. 反映；映出（影像）e.g: His face was reflected in the mirror. She could see herself _(reflect) in his eyes.B. 反射（声，光，热等）e.g: The windows reflected the light afternoon sunlight. This material absorbs the sound, and doesnt reflect it.C. 显示，表明，表达（事物的自然属性或人们的态度，情感等）e.g: Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community. His music reflects his interest in African culture. 认真思考；沉思e.g: Before I decide, I need time to reflect. She was left to reflect on the implications of her decision. On the way home he reflected that the interview had gone well.10. atmosphere n. a. （围绕地球的）大气，大气层，大气圈e.g: he upper atm t osphere pollution of the atmosphere（围绕其他天体的）气体e.g: Saturns atmosphere （房间，封闭空间或某处的）空气 气氛，氛围e.g: The hotel offers a friendly atmosphere and personal service. Use music and lighting to create a romantic atmosphere. There was an atmosphere of mutual trust and respect between them. The children grew up in an atmosphere of violence and insecurity. The old house is full of atmosphere.11. retain v. 保持；持有；保留；继续拥有 e.g: He struggled to retain control of the situation. The house retains much of its original charm. She retained her tennis title for the third year.保持；继续容纳e.g: This information is no longer retained within the computers main memory. She has a good memory and finds it easy to retain facts.12. melt v. (使）融化；（使）熔化e.g: The snow showed no sign of melting. The sun had melted the snow. First, melt two ounces of butter.（使） 软化，变得温柔e.g: The tension in the room began to melt. Her trusting smile melted his heart.melting pot 熔炉13. convert v.A. （使）转变，转换，转化e.g: The hotel is going to be converted into a nursing home. What rate will I get if I convert my dollars into euros? Weve converted from coal to gas central heating.B. 可转变为；可变换成e.g: convert into/to sth. a sofa that converts into a bed 改变（观点，习惯等）e.g: Ive converted to organic food. I didnt use to like opera but my husband has converted me.14. migrate v. A. （随季节变化）迁徙e.g: Swallows migrate south in winter.B. 移居；迁移e.g: Thousands were forced to migrate from rural to urban areas in search of work.C. 移动；转移e.g: The infected cells then migrate to other areas of the body.II. More Reading1. attempt n.&v.A. 企图；试图；尝试E.g: They made no attempt to escape. I passed my driving test at the first attempt.B. 杀人企图E.g: Someone has made an attempt on the Presidents life.C. 努力；尝试；试图E.g: I will attempt to answer all your questions. The prisoners attemped an escape, but failed. 2. consume v.A. 消耗，耗费（燃料，能量，时间等）E.g: The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels. B. 吃，喝，饮 E.g: Before he died he had consumed a large quantity of alcohol.C. 使充满（强烈的感情）E.g: He was consumed with guilt. Rage consumed him.D. 烧毁；毁灭E.g: The hotel was quickly consumed by fire.3. explosion n.A. 爆炸，爆破，爆裂E.g: There were two loud explosions and then the building burst into flames.B. 突增；猛增；E.g: population explosionC. （感情，尤指愤怒）的）迸发4. float v.&n.a. 浮动；漂流；飘动；漂移e.g: The smell of new bread floated up from the kitchen. Beautiful music came floating out of the window. An idea suddenly floated into my mind. b. 浮；漂浮e.g: Wood floats.A plastic bag was floating in the water.C. 使浮动；使漂流E.g: There wasnt enough water to float the ship.d. 轻盈走动；飘然移动E.g: She floated down the steps to greet us.e. 提出，提请考虑（想法或计划）E.g: The floated the idea of increased taxes on alcohol.f. （公司或企业）发行（股票）上市E.g: shares were floated at 585p.g. （作为名词）彩车；鱼漂；浮板；（思想的）传播；备用零钱Part Two Language PracticeI.Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.The way in which we work has undergone a complete _ in the past decade.( transform)Wood is a poor _.(conduct)The increase in crime is a sad _ on our society today. (reflect)Seasonal _ is a typical feature of some animals. ( migrate)You must _which way you are going to turn. (sign)Some of the rare species _ this jungle.(inhabitant)_ to gas central heating will save you a lot of money. ( convert )Health-conscious _ want more information about the food they buy. (consume)He has an _ temper and always does something silly.(explosion)They maintained a _ pace for half an hour. (breathable)keys: transformation 2. conductor 3. reflection 4. migration 5. signal 6.inhabit 7. convertion 8. consumers 9. explosive 10.breathlessChoose the suitable phrases to fill in the blanks given below.be named after;make the first attempt; dream of; come true; land on; in many ways; migrate from; conduct an experiment; be released into; go up toEvery member of this club can _ to touch the newly-invented machine.Modern technology has affected human beings _.This street _ a famous scientist.Many birds will _ north to south when the season changes._is a very tough task.The polluted water _ the river, which does harm to our environment.I _ becoming an astronaut like Yang Liwei.My dream of being a teacher _ when I graduated from the university.The first man to _ the moon is called Amstrong.The rocket _ the sky with a loud sound and a strange smell.Keys: make the first attempt; in many ways; is named after; migrate from; Conducting an experiment; has been released into; dream of; came true; land on; went up toPart Three Grammar:1条件状语从句通常用下列连词引导：if, unless, supposing (that)（仅在问句中使用），suppose (that), in case, so / as long as, so far as, on condition (that), provided (that), 等，如： In case he comes, let me know. You can go out, as / so long as you promise to be back before eleven. I will come again tomorrow provided (that) I have time. (= if) Supposing (that) it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? (= if) Unless you tell him yourself, hell lose faith in you completely. Well let you use the room on condition that / provided that you keep it clean and tidy.2有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如： Come tomorrow, and I will tell you. (= If you come tomorrow, ) Persevere and you will succeed. Give him an inch and hell take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, hell )3if only是if的强调式，通常表示说话人的愿望，如： If only it clears up, well go. If only somebody had told us, we could have warned you. 注：if only 引导的状语从句有时可以不依附于主句而独立存在，表示说话人的希望、愿望或遗憾等心情，如： If only he comes in time. (I hope he will come in time.) If only he didnt drive so fast. (I wish he didnt drive so fast.) If only I hadnt been late for work. (I wish I hadnt been late for work.)4在真实条件句中，从句动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间，主句通常带有情态动词，如： If you move, Ill shoot you. If I press this button, what will happen? If you come, you can see it. If you finish early, you may go.注 当从句表示将来已经完成或正在进行的动作时，动词用现在完成时或现在进行时，如： I will return the book on Monday if I have read it. The police wont take your car away if you are sitting in it.注 如果从句表示现在的意图、意愿、决心等，则可以用will / shall，如： If you will read the book, Ill let you have it. If you will help me, we can finish by six. If you will give up smoking / drinking, your health will improve.5非真实条件句： 当从句表示与现在事实相反的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或 were型虚拟式，主句动词用 would / should / could / might + 不定式，如： If I were you, I should consult a doctor. If I lived in the twenty-first century, my life might be different in a number of ways. 当从句表示与过去事实相反的条件时，从句动词用过去完成时，主句动词用would / should / could / might +不定式完成式，如： If he had tried hard last term, he would have succeeded. If he had taken his doctors advice, he might not have died. 当从句表示将来不大可能实现的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或 were / was to +不定式，主句动词用would / should / could / might +不定式，如： What would you do if it snowed tomorrow? He wouldnt do it unless you were to order him to. If it should rain, we had better stay indoors. 在正式文体中可用“were +主语”等倒装结构代替“if +主语+ were”等结构；“had +主语 + ed分词”代替“if +主语+ had + ed分词”结构，如： Were I in your place, I would be very worried. Were John to go to the university, he would have to work hard. Had the captain been more careful, his ship would not have been sunk. Had it not been for the expense, I should have gone to Italy.6unless 与if not 的用法比较： If you dont start at once, you will miss the train. Unless you start at once, you will miss the train. unless 在意义上相当于if not ，在有些场合两者可以交替使用，但在有些场合又不可以互换，以下是不可互换的情况： 在if not 从句中通常用非肯定词，而在 unless 引导的肯定形式的条件从句中，通常用肯定词，而不用非肯定词，如： I will be very angry if you havent spoken to her yet. I will be very angry unless you have already spoken to her. unless 从句中可用否定词，而 if not 从句中不可再加否定词，因此在 unless 引导的否定从句中，不可用 if not 代替 unless ，如： I will go unless no one else does. I will go if no one else doesnt. Dont ask me to explain unless you really dont understand. Part Four Grammar practice1.Dont