初中英语阅读理解精讲之推理判断题.doc

第三节 推理判断题一、推理判断题出题方式【设题类型】 1. 细节推理：直接推理，正确选项是由文中的某处具体信息直接推倒出来的。 2. 归纳推理：需要就文中所提供的多处信息进行归纳综合，推导出新的结论。【设问形式】1. Which of the following is (not) mentioned in the paragraph? 2. What can we infer from the last sentence? 3. What do you think would happen (to ) at the end of the story? 4. We can learn from the last paragraph that _. 5. We can infer from the passage that _. 6. From this passage, we can infer that _. 7. From the passage, we know that _. 8. The writer believes that _.二、4招巧解推理判断题第1招：根据题干中的关键词在原文中定位 某些推理判断题往往也针对文中的事实或细节而设置，因此也可以根据题干中的人物、地点、时间、陈述对象等关键词语在原文中定位，然后根据原文内容进行正确的推理和判断。l 示例1The man left with no hope at all. He didnt know what to do with only $10 in his pocket. He thought and thought. Then he went to the supermarket and bought 10 kilos of tomatoes. He sold the tomatoes from door to door. In less than two hours, he had 20 dollars. He repeated the operation three times, and started to go early every day, and returned home late. Shortly, he bought a cart, then a truck, then he had his own fleet of delivery vehicles (运货车队). Five years later, the man was one of the biggest food retailers (零售商) in the US.49. Why could the man become one of the biggest food retailers in the US? A. Because he had many friends to help him. B. Because he was smart and worked very hard. C. Because he had his own fleet of delivery vehicles. D. Because he wanted to show Microsoft he was living.第2招：不要试图在原文中直接寻找答案 推理判断题的答案，是根据文中的细节或局部内容推理得出的，是文中细节内容隐含的深层次含义，因此不可能在原文中直接找到对应的陈述。l 示例2 So how can you make things easier on yourself? Its easier than you think. Just make sure your parents know what youre doing. Get them to know your friends. Phone if you stay somewhere else so that your parents dont call every hospital in the phone book looking for your body. Say sorry to them when you make mistakes. Take responsibility for what you have done. Talk about your ideas with them. They may talk about theirs with you.2. The writer thinks _. A. its wrong of parents to worry about their children too much B. some parents are unfriendly, which makes their children angry C. children should do everything as their parents say D. parents love their children very much and the children should understand them第3招：要有全局观念，理清上下文的逻辑关系。 有些推理判断题，虽然是针对文中的某项细节而设，但往往并不能直接从该细节中得出答案，而需要结合细节前后的内容甚至细节所在的段落内容综合推断出，因此，在解答这类题时，不要只是根据只言片语推出答案，而是要充分结合上下文。l 示例3 （2009北京C）You can set up a plan to finish homework or go to a doctor or psychologist to try to work things out with your family or your friends. But sometimes you cant change a stressful situation. Sometimes you dont even want to. A big change might be a good change, but it will still be stressful.57. From the last sentence of Paragraph 5 we can infer that _. A. its difficult to change a stressful situation B. its not stressful when a good change takes place C. a big change will cause another stressful situation D. a stressful situation cant be changed without any effortl 示例4 The baby eagle（鹰）fell down, faster and faster. He looked up at his mum, “Why do you abandon me? He looked down at the earth. The ground was much closer. Then something strange happened. The air caught behind his arms and he began to fly! He wasnt moving to the ground any more. Instead, his eyes were pointed up at the sun. “You are flying! You can make it!” His mother smiled.50. We can infer from the story that _. A. the baby eagle lost his mother B. the baby eagle felt down and died C. the baby eagle could get food himself D. the baby eagle was still angry with his mother第4招：根据主旨大意进行归纳、推理、判断l 示例5 As we drove from the station in the car, she began telling me a story. A few days earlier, her brother had run out of gas. A good man picked him up, took him to a service station and then back to his car. “Im must passing the favor(善行) along,” she said.When I offered her money as a thank-you, she wouldnt accept. “Just do something nice for somebody. Pass it along,” she said.35. The bus driver hoped that the writer _. A. would drive someone home B. would help someone in need C. would keep her in memory D. would give the money to othersl 练习1Mare says, “I like playing the piano because it makes me have a lot of different feelings sadness, excitement, happiness and so on. I like playing difficult pieces, especially those that my teacher says I shouldnt.75. What Mare said in the last paragraph tells us that _. A. Mare likes challenge B. Mare doesnt like challenge C. Mare is afraid of challenge D. Mare hates challengel 练习2The computer is fast and hardly makes a mistake, while people are slow and make mistakes sometimes. Thats what people often say when they talk about computers.71. The computer can work _ than people.A. more wonderfully B. more slowly C. more often D. harderl 练习3（2011顺义期末D）Although its not clear that the MP3 players cause teenagers hearing loss, Grimes said it was still a good idea to turn down the sound and take short breaks from listening. 55. About hearing loss, it can be inferred that_. A. the reasons for the rise have been found B. listening to loud music may be a cause C. MP3 players are to be blamed (指责) for D. noise may be the main reasonl 练习4（2011丰台期末C）The first rule of speaking English is to use simple vocabulary. KISSkeep it short and simple. Theres a saying in English, “Have you swallowed a dictionary?” It is applicable(适用的) to anyone who uses a long, difficult word when a shorter word will do. And there is another saying, “Practice makes perfect.” So here are some tips for speaking English.Make friends with native English speakers. Try to listen to what they say and try to repeat what you hear just as a child does. If you use English all the time as a child, you may learn it quickly. If you are not able to find any friendly native speakers where you live, you can find English speakers on the Internet! Try to talk with them about the movies or the books you like. If you cant find anyone who will actually help you, dont worry. You will still be able to find out whether they can understand you.55. We can learn _ according to the passage. A. it is necessary to use a long, difficult word. B. experts should not join an English club. C. children can speak English better than adults. D. native speakers can help us speak English better.l 练习5（2011延庆期末D）Why does a family choose to live in such a home? Well, its comfortable, easy to keep clean, easy to keep warm, no need to paint. Whats more, the fast increase of mobile homes in numbers has something to do with the job uncertainty. Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow. If a factory closes down, you may be trapped with the house you cant sell. However, if you have a mobile home, you can move on easily.59. We can infer that the increase of the mobile homes shows .A. peoples hope for new jobs B. some problems in peoples lifeC. great changes in peoples living style D. great interest in developing new thingsl 练习6 If you do not use your arms or your legs for some time, they become weak; when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault（过错）. But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame（责备）, and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people cant read or write but usually they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write them down in a little notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised. So if you want to have a good memory, learn from the people: practice remembering.1. The main reason for ones poor memory is that _. A. his memory is not often used B. he does not use his arms or legs for some time C. his father or mother may have a poor memory D. he cant read or write at all2. From the passage we le