IE常用外语.doc

1 A process is any or a group of activities that takes one or more inputs , transforms and adds value to them , and provides one or more outputs for its customs. 生产过程是一项或者一组活动，这个活动采用一个或多个输入，通过转化，增加了它们的副价值，并为顾客提供了一个或者多个输出。2 Production Planning is the process of converting corporate strategy along with market and financial policy into details for the efficient utilization of the production system. 生产计划是为了有效地利用生产系统，从而将公司战略以及市场及财务改革转变为细节的一个过程。3 A simplified view of the strategic planning process is shown by the following process: Mission and objectives Environmental scanningStrategy implementationEvaluation and control.最简单的战略计划过程如下所示：任务和目标环境考察战略的制定战略实施评价以及控制4 Material requirements planning （MRP） -a computerized information system-was developed specifically to aid companies manage dependent demand inventory and schedule replenishment order. 物料需求计划-一种计算机化的信息系统-开发专门用来帮助公司管理相关需求的存货以及安排补充订货、5 The purpose of an MRP system is to reduce the cash needed by a manufacturing organization. This increases the organizations return on investment, directly making the manufacturer a more profitable, attractive investment. MRP系统的目的是通过制造组织来减少系统所用现金，增加组织系统的回报率，直接地帮助制造商制定一个利润更高，更具吸引力的投资决策6 The Council of Logistics Management defined the logistics in 1992 as the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the effective flow and storage of goods , services , and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.在1992年，物流管理协会对物流作了如下定义：物流是指为满足消费者需求而对商品、服务及相关信息从生产地到消费地的高效流动和储存而进行的规划、实施与控制的过程7 The theory of logistics engineering is the study of analyzing, designing, optimizing and controlling the logistics system as a whole. It utilizes the methods of the industrial engineering and systems engineering. The study of logistics is of great importance in the production practice. 物流工程理论总体来说是分析，设计，优化，控制物流系统的研究，它综合运用工业工程和系统工程的方法。物流学的研究在生产实践中具有重要意义8 While a zero-inventory manufacturing/distribution system is typically not attainable , it is important to remember that each dollar invested is a trade-off with an alternative use of assets that may provide a better return.由于零库存制造/分配系统显然是不可达到的，从而记住投资的每分钱是交易资产的交替使用就显得十分重要，而这些资产可以提供更好的回报9 The EOQ is the replenishment practice that minimizes the combined inventory carrying and ordering cost . Identification of such a quantity assumes that demand and costs are relatively stable throughout the year .Since EOQ is calculated on an individual product basis, the basic formulation does not consider the impact of joint ordering of products.经济订货点法是使库存成本及订货成本最低的一种订货策略。这个数量的确定是假设需求和成本在一年内是相对稳定的。由于EOQ是以单个产品成本为基础计算的，因而基本的计算公式是不考虑联合订货的影响的。10 Ergonomics is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system , and the profession that applies theory , principles ,data , and methods to design in order to optimize human being activities and overall system performance.人机工程学是门科学学科。它是对人以及系统其他要素的相互作用的深入了解，同时，它也是个职业，这项职业是运用理论，原则，方法去设计，从而使人的活动与整个系统的性能达到最优化。11 Vision is usually the primary channel for information , yet systems are often so poorly designed that the user is unable to see the work area clearly . Many workers using computers cannot see their screens because of glare or reflections. Others , doing precise assembly tasks , have insufficient lighting and suffer eyestrain and reduced output as a result. 视觉通常是获取信息的主要渠道，然而，系统往往设计的不尽人意以至于使得操作者不能清楚地看到工作区。许多工人使用电脑时由于眩光或反射无法看清楚他们的电脑屏幕。另外，一些做精密装配任务的员工，由于照明不足，导致眼疲劳，从而致使减产。12 Engineering Psychology is defined as the application of psycho