牛津译林版初二英语unit5语法.doc

英语的简单句有五种基本句型：主谓；主谓宾；主系表；主谓间宾直宾；主谓宾宾补。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。9. She thought herself a good birdwatcher . S V O OC宾补注意：1.宾语和宾补是主谓关系。 2.常带宾补的动词有make / keep / find / call / believe /think等 。 e.g. The news made him unhappy . We should keep our classroom clean and tidy . I find him kind . 10.The reserve gives wildlife an ideal home . S V IO(间宾) DO(直宾) 注意：在英语中常跟双宾语的动词有： 1.give / show/ send / pass/teach/bring sb sth = give / show / send/pass/teach/bring sth to sb 2.buy/make/sing/draw/get sb sth = buy/make/sing/draw/get sth for sb little 几乎没有 与不可数名词连用. few “几乎没有” 与可数名词连用.one of + 可数名词复数形式大部分形容词+ lyquiet quietly以 le结尾的形容词-e +ygentle gently以 y结尾的形容词-y +ilyeasy easily形容词变成副词的变化规则: 一部分形容词同时也是副词： e. g. long, early, fast 部分形容词和副词是两个完全不同的词： e.g. good- well 一部分形容词本身就是以“l y”结尾,则不能再在词尾“ly”,这时可用介词短语的形式来表示方式。 e.g. friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely 一些形容词不能变成方式副词：1. 表语形容词：afraid, alive, alone, asleep2. .表语, 定语形容词: difficult, fat, little, long 以辅音字母“y”结尾的副词, 要先变“y”为“i”再“ly”: 以“le”结尾的直接去“e”“y”即可。 terrible -terribly, gentle-gently (im) possible- (im) possibly,comfortable- comfortably, simple- simplytrue -truly good - well hard-hard high-high far-far fast-fast early-early late-late long-long straight-straighteasy-easily happy-happily1. The area provides food and shelter for vide v. 提供provide sb with sth= provide sth for sbSheep provide us with wool.Sheep provide wool for us. 羊供给我们羊毛。 They provide us with food.They provide food for us.他们供给我们食物。 Many birds live comfortably in Zhalong Nature Reserve all year round.all year round 一年到头，全年The farmers work on the farm all year round.农民们长年累月在地里干活。Pines are green all year round. 松树四季常青。This means there will be less and less space for wildlifeless and less 越来越少的比较级 +and +比较级 表示“越来越” The weather is getting colder and colder.天气越来越冷了。The air pollution is becoming worse and worse.空气污染变得越来越严重了。4. The Chinese government wants to protect these endangered tect v. 保护 You should protect yourself. 你应该保护你自己。 We must protect the earth. 我们必须保护地球。 endangered adj. 濒临灭绝的，（生命）有危险的We should try our best to save endangered animals.我们应该尽力挽救濒临灭绝的动物。 5. We hope this information will help them understand and make them actively take action to protect wildlifetake action 采取行动I knew I needed to take action.我知道我应该采取行动。What action are we going to take? 我们准备采取什么行动？ 我们用一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。在讨论节目表、时刻表、日程表等内容时，我们也可以用一般现在时描述将来的计划。The train leaves at six tomorrowThe study begins next month.Our plane leaves at ten oclock tonight.My cousin finishes school next year.I hope they have a nice time next week.用现在进行时表示将来 当句子涉及确切的计划、明确的意图和为将来安排好的活动时，现在进行时可用于表示将来。1) come, go, stay, arrive, leave 等词的现在进行时经常用于表示将来确切的计划。2) 表示交通方式、行程安排的动词，例如 fly，walk, ride, drive, take(a bus, a taxi)等的现在进行时也经常用于表示将来。注意！另外，表示将来的动作或状态，还可用以下几种形式： will / shall动词原形 I shall be seventeen years old next month. be going to动词原形：表示即将发生 的或最近打算进行的事。We are going to have a meeting todaybe to动词原形：表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。 Are we to go on with this work?be about to动词原形，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。 I was about to go swimming when my guide shouted at me and told me not to do so.我正要去游泳，这时向导大声叫我不要去。 be 动词的ing形式：表示按计划或安排要发生的事, 含义是 “预定要” 这一结构常用趋向动词 go, arrive, come , leave, start, stay , return 和 play , do , have , work, wear, spend , see, meet等 。 - When are you going off for your holiday? 你什么时候动身去度假?- My plane is taking off at 9:20, so I must be at the airport by 8:30.我乘坐的飞机将于9:20分起飞, 所以我必须在8:30之前赶到机场.一般现在时表示将来时(1)按规定预计要发生的未来动作,仅限于动词come, go, leave, move, start, return, arrive, begin, stay等动词.The plane takes off at 10:10. That is , its leaving in ten minute