浅谈提高施工质量管理的有效措施.doc

/ / / 生活水平的发展带动大众对房屋建筑质量要求的提高，因此也就涉及到了房建工程的施工质量控制与管理问题。而这也是整个建筑行业中的主要问题之一。通过工程设计方案以及施工方案与实际的施工过程，努力实现施工前所制定的质量目标，是一项对把关性、过程性以及纠正性要求都非常高的质量控制。房屋建筑工程的质量好坏对用户会造成直接影响，关系到用户的生命及财产的安全问题，因此，把握好施工质量，对其进行有效管理，是房屋建筑工程直观重要的一个环节。Living standards development drive the mass on the improvement of housing quality requirement, and thus involved in housing project construction quality control and management problems. And this is one of the main problems in the construction industry as a whole. Through engineering design and construction plan and the actual construction process, construction formulated before the efforts to achieve quality objectives, is a process of gatekeepers, and the corrective requirements are very high quality control. Housing construction engineering quality stand or fall of having a direct effect on users, related to the users life and property safety, therefore, to grasp the good construction quality, the effective management of housing construction project is important a link directly. 一 对施工过程中影响施工质量因素进行的分析The factors influencing the construction quality in the construction process of analysis 1.材料方面1. The material 在材料选择方面，若是不能满足施工需求，就会对工程质量造成直接影响，例如建设过程中混凝土的质量控制。在现代房屋建筑工程中，由于科学技术的快速发展，各种新型材料的不断研发，使建筑渐了市场逐渐呈现了多元化的趋势，因此，在就为施工材料的选择提提高了难度，而建设单位为了追求利益的最大化，往往使用劣质材料替代优质材料，在建设过程中不会出现问题，但是却给工程后期使用埋下了安全隐患。In the aspect of material selection, if cant meet the demand of construction, will be having a direct effect on the quality of the project, for example, the concrete construction process quality control. In the modern housing construction project, due to the rapid development of science and technology, continuous research and development of various new material, make the building gradually the market gradually shows diversified trends, therefore, in the increases the difficulty for the selection of construction materials, and the construction unit in order to pursue the maximization of interests, often use inferior materials instead of high quality material, there is no problem in the process of construction, but late for engineering use is buried under the safe hidden trouble. 2.监理方面2. Supervision aspect 在施工监督管理方面缺乏专业的监管人员，并且没有完善的监理程序与制度，部分施工单位只是为了应付上级领导的检查而设立监理机构，但是在工施工建设过程中却根本没有起到对质量进行监管的作用，形同虚设。此外，还存在专业与职能不符的现象，很多监管人员根本就不具有该方面的专业素养以及专业技能，属于无证上岗，这样一来，就没法保证施工过程中对工程质量进行有效的监控，进而容易出现质量问题，有些问题会在施工过程中直接体现出来，而有些问题则是具有很好的隐蔽性，很难发现，到最后就形成了工程质量隐患，影响工程的使用性能与安全性能。Lack of professional supervision in the construction supervision and management personnel, and there is no perfect supervision procedures and system, part of the construction unit is set up in order to cope with the superior leadership inspection supervision institutions, but in the process of engineering construction didnt play a role of quality supervision, useless. In addition, there are professional do not tally with the functions of phenomenon, many regulators dont have the professional and the professional skills, to unlicensed mount guard, this way, cant ensure effective monitoring of the construction quality in the construction process, and then easy to appear quality problems, some problems will be directly reflected in the construction process, and some problems are have very good concealment, hard to find, engineering quality hidden danger was formed in the end, affect the use of the engineering performance and safety performance. 3.造价方面3. The cost 工程造价同实际施工的成本存在很大的差距。很多施工单位为了提高企业效益，进而在进行工程造价时尽量降低建设成本，进而来提高企业受益。但是这样的方式却给实际施工带来了巨大的压力，很多项目因投资方面受到限制，而出现材料顶替，或者是偷工减料的现象。施工设备配置不合理，不齐全，没有办法使用先进的施工工艺，限制了工程建设质量的最优化。很多建筑只是刚好满足了建设标准，却达不到工程预期的质量目标。因此，也就对其安全质量造成了巨大的影响。Project cost with the actual construction cost there is a big gap. Many construction units in order to improve the enterprise benefit, then in the project cost as far as possible reduce construction cost, thus to improve enterprise benefit. But this way has brought huge pressure to the actual construction, many projects for investment is restricted, fill in material, or cut corners. Construction equipment configuration is not reasonable, do not complete, there is no way to use the advanced construction technology, limits the optimization of engineering construction quality. Many buildings just meets the construction standards, is expected to reach project quality goals. Therefore, it caused a great influence on the quality of the security. 二 提高施工质量管理的有效措施Two effective measures to improve the construction quality management 1.完善现场管理制度1. Improve on-site management system 构建质量责任管理制度。人在施工过程中担任着指挥者与实际操作者的重要角色，因此，整个施工质量管理的过程中应该将人看做管理的基本元素，以人作为管理的中心，构建起相应的质量管理责任制度，首先就要从事各岗位施工活动的管理人员明确自己所担负的责任以及拥有的权限。其次，对所管辖内的施工项目有全面的了解，对项目建设需要的资源以及施工人员的资格作出明确的规定。下图1就是施工质量管理责任图。(1) to build quality responsibility management system. People as the leader in the construction process and the important role of practical men of action, as a result, the whole construction process of quality management should be as the management of the basic elements, with people as the center of the management, build up the corresponding quality management responsibility system, the first is engaged in the construction activities management clear responsibility and authority. He is responsible for Secondly, on the jurisdiction within construction projects have a comprehensive understanding of the project construction need of resources, and construction personnels qualification to make clear rules. Figure 1 is the construction quality management responsibility. 技术的复核制度。其中包括了建立完整的技术管理机制，对施工技术进行有效的控制。质量问题报告以及处理制度。在房屋建筑工程的施工建设过程中，若是出现工程质量未达到相关规定标准或者工程设计要求，又或是工程出现了报废、返工等现象，都要归属于工程事故的范畴内，出现之后应当及时的上报，并且尽快采取补救措施，尽量不但我工程正常的施工进度。下图就是(2) the review of the technical system. Including the complete technical management mechanism, the effective control of construction technology. (3) quality problem report and processing system. In housing construction project construction process, if appear quality did not meet standards or regulations engineering design requirements, and appeared the phenomenon such as scrap, rework, or engineering should be relegated to the category of engineering accident, appear after shall timely report, and take remedial action as soon as possible, not only I project normal construction progress as far as possible. Below is the 2.施工单位应当不断的对自身的质量保证体系进行完善2. The construction unit should continue to perfect its own quality assurance system 施工单位要建立起完善的质量保证体系，结合单位与施工的实际情况。将整个工程的施工过程都涵盖在内。如下图2就是施工质量保证体系结构图。Construction units to establish a perfect quality assurance system, combining the actual situation of construction of unit and. The whole process of construction projects are included. Figure 2 is the construction quality assurance system chart as follows. 有了良好的质保体系之后最为关键的就是保证期有效的运行。从工程的调研开始，到工程任务的承接，再到材料的选购、具体的施工建设以及最后的竣工检验，将质量管理贯穿于工程建设的始终，这样就可以将施工质量管理过程与前后工序的质量管理过程有机的联系在一起，进而形成一套系统的质量保证体系，是不同阶段的质量管理工作能够相互补充。Have a good quality assurance system after the most important thing is to guarantee effective running. Since engineering survey, engineering task to undertake, to choose and buy of materials, concrete construction and the tests on completion, will always quality management throughout the project, so it can be process before and after the construction process of quality management and quality management process of organic together, thus forming a system of quality assurance system, are the various stages of quality management can complement each other. 3.加强施工人员的培训3. Strengthen the construction of personnel training 对工程建设质量进行管理并不是单靠某一机构或者某种制度就能完成的，其应该是所有工作人员共同努力的结果。因此，提高全体工作人员的安全质量意识是提