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1 ESSAY SOURCE 2 3 What is an Essay An essay is a composition that discusses describes or explains one topic It can describe personal feelings or state your opinion or it can just explain facts The basic structure of an essay I Introduction Introductory statements Thesis statement Introduce supporting ideas optional II Body First supporting idea Transition topic sentence Discussion examples and analysis Second supporting idea Transition topic sentence Discussion examples and analysis Third supporting idea Transition topic sentence Discussion examples and analysis III Conclusion Transition statement reflecting back on thesis Restate key points It is important to remember that an essay can be any length For example some essays are one paragraph and others are 25 paragraphs If you are writing an essay for class you should always ask your instructor about the length of the essay 4 Kinds of Essays 1 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY An argumentative essay attempts to persuade the reader to the writer s point of view The writer always tries to convince the reader of the validity of his or her opinion 2 CAUSE and EFFECT In this type of persuasive essay you should identify possible causes or effects of an event However these causes and effects must serve as evidence for a broader argument if your essay is to be persuasive As you think about causes and effects look for patterns and try to identify causes or effects that other writers or researchers have overlooked 3 CLASSIFICATION ESSAY In a classification essay you separate things or ideas into specific categories and discuss each of them You organize the essay by defining each classification and by giving examples of each type 4 COMPARE and CONTRAST ESSAY In a compare and contrast essay you write about the similarities and differences between two or more people places or things You can organize the essay by writing about one subject First and then comparing it with the Second subject A more effective way is to organize the essay by comparing each subject by category 5 DEFINITION ESSAY When you are writing a definition essay you take a term or an idea and write about what it is Often definitions are combined with classification or other forms of organization in the essay You need to give a careful definition of the key term before going on to discuss different types or examples 6 DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY In a description essay you write about what a person place or thing is like You organize the essay by describing different parts or aspects of the main subject It explains the what why how when and where s of a topic For example a descriptive essay about a tree would explain what it s made of why it grows when it grows and so on 7 PROCESS SEQUENCE ESSAY In a sequence essay you are writing to describe a series of events or a process in some sort of order Usually this order is based on time You organize the essay by writing about each step of the process in the order it occurred 8 NARRATIVE A narrative tells a story It has chronological order sequence of events action conflicts or problems dialogue characters a definite beginning middle and end 5 ESSAY TEMPLATE Topic Title INTRODUCTION Present Situation Background information What this essay will do Thesis Sentence PARAGRAPH 1 Topic Sentence Supporting Sentences Example s PARAGRAPH 2 Topic Sentence Supporting Sentences Example s PARAGRAPH 3 Topic Sentence Supporting Sentences Example s CONCLUSION Summary Restate thesis statement Personal Opinion 6 7 EDITED ADVANTAGE they must work and think about others They have less time for entertainment and having fun In conclusion young people have an easier and a more comfortable life Moreover they have many opportunities but these are passing benefits Therefore young people should learn to use their energy and time wisely People can t be young again Virginia Evans Successful Writing Express Publishing 14 COMPUTER Advantages and Disadvantages COMPUTERS Computers are a major technological breakthrough of the twentieth century Virginia Evans an American writer once said It is only when they go wrong those machines remind you how powerful they are Although many things can be said against computers the benefits of using them are numerous The main disadvantages of computers are that staring at a screen for long periods of time can be damaging to the eyes and sitting on a chair for hours at a time is certainly not healthy Secondly computers distract from social interactions such as conversation People might be inclined to become anti social and stay at home to use their computers Finally the most persuasive argument against the use of computers is that the more jobs that are done by computers the fewer that are done by people However the advantages of computers are numerous such as the undeniable educational benefits especially to children School subjects become more interesting when presented on a computer screen Moreover computers can be fun with seemingly endless variety of games which can be played on them In addition computers are valuable to any business making life easier and saving time by being capable of storing and retrieving vast amounts of information at the touch of a button Furthermore personal gains can be seen as the use of computers increases powers of concentration To sum up there are strong arguments both for and against the use of computers Yet despite the health problems risk to jobs and lack of personal interaction it seems that as long as the use of computers is regulated the benefits computers provide to education and business are invaluable distract take one s attention from interaction connection conversation breakthrough discovery finding invention benefit help assist support incline influence lean towards persuasive effective forceful influential undeniable obvious certain present show exhibit display retrieving regaining finding vast limitless endless concentration close attention focus regulate control manage invaluable helpful precious Virginia Evans Successful Writing Express Publishing 15 FOREIGN COUNTRY Advantages and Disadvantages ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES of LIVING in a FOREIGN COUNTRY Today there are about six billion people in the world All of them live in different countries and have special cultures Some countries have become very sophisticated while others haven t yet been developed well For this reason some people want to go to well developed foreign countries especially to the U S A People want to go to well developed countries to live more comfortably They also strongly believe that if they go there they will earn more money Living in a foreign country has many advantages but it also has some disadvantages Therefore before people come to a decision about going to a foreign country they should consider the advantages and disadvantages of living in a foreign country One of the main advantages of living in a foreign country is that people have better economic conditions For example they may get a good job and a high salary so they can buy what they want and they may live how they desire In addition they may benefit from well developed education and health systems Moreover one is given the chance to learn and become fluent in another language through everyday use Furthermore one can participate in lots of social activities Thus people can improve their abilities Finally they become more independent by having to deal with difficult situations on their own On the other hand it may be difficult for people to adapt to their new surroundings If they live alone they miss their families and countries Sometimes they may feel isolated frustrated and lonely In addition if someone can t speak the language yet he or she may face communication problems What is more there is racial discrimination in some countries Foreigners aren t easily accepted in these places It is possible that racist people may hurt them To sum up even though living in a strange place may be hard at First in time one can adjust to it In my opinion if a person has an opportunity to go to a well developed foreign country he or she should benefit from this opportunity for his or her future Turan Ko ak C 4 8 4 2003 16 FOREIGN COUNTRY Advantages and Disadvantages LIVING in FOREIGN COUNTRY During the last few years I have been moving from one place to another due to the war that is happening in my country Chechnya At last I have settled in Turkey where I have stayed longer than anywhere else I realize that living in a foreign country has both advantages and disadvantages Most people find a new environment exhilarating and exciting In their opinions it is the time of changing in life and of new experiences sights and activities which are necessary to learn and absorb a new culture The initial period of settling is like an adventure to them Moreover one of the most important advantages is that the fastest way to learn a foreign language is to live in a country where it is commonly spoken On the other hand the main disadvantage of living in foreign country is getting accustomed to a new place Everything that surrounds you is different the people the spoken language people s attitudes and even the environment The language barrier cuts you off from society You can not communicate with people since you do not know how to speak the new language and this causes a feeling of loneliness Furthermore Because you are unfamiliar with local culture you find yourself in confusing situations while adapting to new surroundings In short it takes some time to become a member of the new society In conclusion wherever we go whatever lessons life abroad teaches us and whatever challenges we overcome there is always something that never decreases your home values East or West home is the best By Sebila Umarova 9 4 2003 17 ADVERTISING Advantages and Disadvantages THE ADVANTAGES of ADVERTISING Living in a communist country I never knew about advertising before I came to the United States To me it was hard to understand since in Vietnam there were no advertisements on TV on the radio or in the newspapers In capitalist nations However no one can avoid being influenced by advertising it is everywhere We find it not only in the media but also on buses buildings and even on the clothes we wear Like all things advertising has two aspects negative and positive However the positive aspects outweigh the negative To me there are many advantages of advertising but I will mention only two stimulating business growth and creating jobs First advertising is one of the principal factors in stimulating business growth In capitalist countries there are many factories and businesses making the same product They must compete with each other to get the attention of the consumer and sell their product To achieve this goal they must invest money to advertise their product If their advertising is successful and their sales go up their business grows They make huge profits which they can then invest This investment stimulates the economy even more This is how the capitalist system works A good example of a company with a successful advertising campaign is Burger King Burger King used to be a small company with not many customers but several years ago it started putting clever ads on TV to try to get some of the fast food business from McDonald s These ads made Burger King s hamburgers look as good as or better than McDonald s Today you can see many more Burger Kings around the country with lots of customers One of the results of a stimulated economy is the creation of jobs If a company grows and must produce more it needs more employees It must employ workers at every level from janitors to vice presidents This creates jobs for many people As Burger King has grown for example it has hired many new people to fill both management and waiter jobs in its restaurants An example of a local company that has grown and created jobs is the New Orleans Shirt Company It is becoming famous for its elegant shirts which are distributed all over the South Although it only started five years ago it has started to receive orders from Mervyn s Maison Blanche Dillard s and even Polo Therefore it is hiring more people In summary advertising is an essential incentive to develop and advance the capitalist economy It is necessary to stimulate business growth and create jobs Through advertising companies grow and consumers are provided with information about products Without advertising the economy would stagnate and maybe even collapse Thus to me advertising has many positive aspects compete v race try to do better than someone else distribute v sell disperse spread elegant adj well designed stylish pleasing to the eye incentive n motivation reason encouragement janitor n a cleaner in a business restaurant office school Bachvan Doan Developing Composition Skills Mary K Ruetten 18 TELEVISION Advantages and Disadvantages THE BENEFITS of TELEVISION We hear a lot about the negative effects of television on the viewer Obviously television can be harmful if it is watched constantly to the exclusion of other activities It would be just as harmful to listen to records or to eat constantly However when television is watched in moderation it is extremely valuable as it provides relaxation entertainment and education First of all watching TV has the value of sheer relaxation Watching television can be soothing and restful after an eight hour day of pressure challenges or concentration After working hard all day people look forward to a new episode of a favorite show or yet another showing of Casablanca or Red River This period of relaxation leaves viewers refreshed and ready to take on the world again Watching TV also seems to reduce stress in some people This benefit of television is just beginning to be recognized One doctor For example advises his patients with high blood pressure to relax in the evening with a few hours of television In addition to being relaxing television is entertaining Along with the standard comedies dramas and game shows that provide enjoyment to viewers television offers a variety of movies and sports events Moreover in many areas viewers can pay a monthly fee and receive special cable programming With this service viewers can watch First run movies rock and classical music concerts and specialized sports events like European soccer and Grand Prix racing Viewers can also buy or rent movies to show on their television sets through videodisk players or videocassette players Still another growing area of TV entertainment is video games Cartridges are available for everything from electronic baseball to Pac man allowing the owner to have a video game arcade in the living room Most important television is educational Preschoolers learn colors numbers and letters from public television programs like Sesame Street that use animation and puppets to make learning fun Science shows for older children like 1 2 3 Contact go on location to analyze everything from volcanoes to rocket launches Adults too can get an education college credits included from courses given on television Also television widens our knowledge by covering important events and current news Viewers can see and hear presidents speeches state funerals natural disasters and election results as they are happening Finally a television set hooked up to a home computer can help its owner learn how to manage the household budget invest in the stock market or master a foreign language Perhaps Because television is such a powerful force we like to criticize it and search for its flaws However the benefits of television should not be ignored We can use television to relax to have fun and to make ourselves smarter This electronic wonder then is a servant not a master College Writing Skills The McGraw Hill Companies Inc 19 NOT EDITED ADVANTAGE we have many different recourses of information and means of communication So our life now is more dynamic and changeable During our day we receive a huge amount of information and process it Students at the same time have more resources to get information they need They can go to a library the nearest bookstore or borrow it from a friend or even download it from an Internet I think it is great Instead of waiting for one s turn to get a book in a library one can print it from a file downloaded earlier The great thing about it that one can print only those pages he is interested in and also make marks on the pages to mark important ideas Another important aspect of this is the advantages of using computer the greatest invention of the last century Students do not have to spend their time by writing and re writing many papers It is really time consuming They just type information in and may use many useful features such as copy past delete save and so on Also sometimes students do not have to write down lectures Because they already have them on their computers Internet plays an important role in our life now We can communicate with the people who are on another part of the planet We also can get the latest news very quickly People can ask for a piece of advice or find different kinds of information on the Internet Students can get their degree on line register for classes communicate with professors take tests and even listen to a lecture I think the great part in it that students may more effectively arrange their time They can get their task by e mail and stay home to do it It really saves time and makes studying more fun especially if a person has to work in order to pay his or her tuition To summarize I think that many last inventions improved students life and allowed them to concentrate more on studying 26 27 EDITED ARGUMENTATIVE EDITED 28 29 TECHNOLOGY Argumentative adv now the atom is splitting us The danger of technological advancement is that machines will completely replace humans leaving fewer jobs and reducing human contact in everyday life which cannot be a good thing for society In conclusion although technology