专八历年真题翻译(2005~2010).doc

2005 TranslationChinese to English一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。What is the significance of life? Is there any gauge to measure it? It would be very difficult, of course, trying to propose an absolute standard. However, the significance of ones existence can more or less be evaluated by examining his attitude toward life and work.Since ancient times, all people of accomplishment have been very serious about their lives. While they are alive, even if there is only one day left to live, they try to work as hard as they can and learn as much as possible, never letting a single day slip by without any gain. This is true of the working people as well as of the great statesmen and great thinkers in our history.English to ChineseIt is simple enough to say that since books have classesfiction， biography， poetrywe should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds， asking of fiction that it shall be true， of poetry that it shall be false， of biography that it shall be flattering， of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read，that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author；try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice. If you hang back， and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this， and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.但是，极少有人在读书时曾想过书能赋予我们什么。最普遍的现象时，我们拿起书时想法模糊，三心二意。我们要求小说叙述真人真事，要求诗歌展现虚拟世界，要求传记作品歌功颂德，要求历史书籍能证实我们的偏见。如果我们能在打开书本之前摒除这些先入为主的想法，那将是个值得欣慰的好开端。我们不要对作者指手画脚，要设身处地去替他着想，做他的合作伙伴或同伙。如果你一开始便采取退缩矜持、有所保留或批评指责的态度， 那你就在为自己设置障碍，使自己不能从书中获到最大益处。然而，如果你没有先入之见，胸襟坦荡，那么，当你打开书， 从映入眼帘的隐晦曲折的字里行间，那些难以察觉的迹象和暗示便会向你展示一个与众不同的人。2006 TranslationChinese to English中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占有比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷基本上比西方人为少为小：因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小的多。何况中国古代素来以不怠于物不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。Ever since ancient times, Chinese people have never regarded man as a supreme creature. Works of philosophy, literature and art all reflect that man, instead of being dominant, is put in a proportionally reasonable position among all the creatures of the natural world. Therefore, our mental sufferings, as compared with westerners, are fewer and less intense, since the extent of suffering varies with the intensity of desire and ambition. Man in an agricultural society had far less comfort than man in an industrial society, and hence, much less desire. Besides, the most predominant philosophy in ancient China had always been that man should neither overly indulge himself in material comfort nor be controlled by it. English to ChineseOn May 13, 1940, Winston Churchill, the newly appointed British Prime Minister, gave his first speech to Parliament. He was preparing the people for a long battle against Nazi aggression, at a time when Englands survival was still in doubt.I have nothing to offer but blood， toil， tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many， many months of struggle and suffering. You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea, and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime.You ask， what is our aim？ I can answer in one word， it is victory. Victory at all costsvictory in spite of all terrorsvictory， however long and hard the road may be， for without victory there is no survival. Let that be realized， no survival for the British Empire， no survival for all that British Empire has stood for ， no survival for the urge， the impulse of the ages， that mankind shall more forward toward his goal. I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at this juncture， at this time， to claim the aid of all and to say， “Come then， let us go forward together with our united strength.除了苦干、流汗、流泪、甚至流血，我无以奉献。我们面临的是最痛苦的磨难，是旷日持久的斗争和煎熬。你们会问，我们的对策何在？我认为是进行一场海、陆、空战争，进行一场竭尽我们之所能，竭尽上帝赋予我们全部力量的战争，一场与人类罪行史上最黑暗、最可悲的恶魔、暴政相抗争的战争。你们还会问，我们的目标何在？我可以一词以概之：胜利不惜一切代价的胜利不畏一切恐怖的胜利因为没有胜利就没有生存。我们必须意识到这一点：没有胜利便没有大英帝国的存在，便没有大英帝国所代表的一切的存在，便没有这个时代的渴求和强烈愿望的人存在，人类也就不能朝着自己的目标迈进。2007 TranslationChinese to English暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯。It is by the riverside, which itself makes really imposing scenery, that the flock of sheep were grazing silently. Almost none of them had any time to raise their heads to take a look at the beautiful dusk. Perhaps they were losing no time to take a last chew before returning home. This is what happened on the bank of the Yellow River, where there was no sign of the shepherd. No one knew where he was resting, and the creatures were left alone to enjoy the dusk. Here the water was abundant and the grass luxuriant, which made the sheep grow fat. If approaching, you could find their white teeth, as well as their rich but unsophisticated expressions. English to ChineseScientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos， the most basic constituents of matter， and the miracle of life. At the same time， today， the actions， and inaction， of human beings imperil not only life on the planet， but the very life of the planet. Globalization is making the world smaller， faster and richer. Still， 9/11， avian flu， and Iran remind us that a smaller， faster world is not necessarily a safer world. Our world is bursting with knowledge - but desperately in need of wisdom. Now， when sound bites are getting shorter， when instant messages crowd out essays， and when individual lives grow more frenzied， college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs. For all these reasons I believed - and I believe even more strongly today - in the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities.由于科技的进步，我们得以逐步认识宇宙中最为遥远的边缘部分、物质最为基本的组织成分以及生命的奥秘。但同时，由于现今人类自身的不当行为以及不作为，不光地球之上的生命，就连地球本身也受到了严重的威胁。全球化使得我们这个世界变得越来越小，发展也变得越来越快，同时也变得越来越富有。但9.11时间及禽流感的爆发也在提醒我们：这个更小、节奏更快和更为富有的世界并不一定就更加安全。当今世界可以说是个不乏知识的时代，但我们迫切需要的确实智慧。在这个人际交流话语变得越来越简短，传统的写作形式被即时信息所取代，人们的个人生活也变得越来越疯狂的时代，我们需要的正是那些富于反思精神的大学毕业生。因此，过去我一直认为大学教育所起的作用至关重要、不可取代，现在更是坚信如此。2008 TranslationChinese to English都市寸土千金，地价炒得越来越高，今后将更高。拥有一个小小花园的希望，对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望，一种梦想。我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，谁都是有苗圃之地的，这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人有内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日，但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴。It is true, on my part, that we each have in our possession a pretty little garden, our inner world, as well as our faculties, requires to be cultivated. A human being differs from an animal in having his inner world, apart from the many other distinguishing features. Heart is no more than an internal organ whereas the inner world, which takes shape in the process of being acted on by the outside world, serves as a “landscape”. We definitely take great care of our heart and that of our beloved to make sure they are healthy, and we suffer from nervousness and fears even with a minor heart discomfort. But the same amount of care is not always devoted to the conditions of our inner world and that of our beloved ones.English to ChineseBut ，as has been true in many other cases， when they were at last married ，the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical . instead of having shared their original duties， and as schoolboys would say， going halves， they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled. This led to some distressing moments for both our friends； they understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth ，and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Instead of being freer and happier than ever before， they had assumed new responsibilities； they had established a new household， and must fulfill in some way or another the obligations of it. They looked back with affection to their engagement； they had been longing to have each other to themselves， apart from the world， but it seemed that they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society.但是，跟其他许多人一样，婚后他们才发现先前的许多美好愿望早已被严峻的显示所取代。最起码的义务还未分担（拿学生的话说，这叫“各司其职”），生活中的各种烦心事又接踵而至。这让我们的朋友生活过得多少有些不开心，这才突然明白自己哪是居住在天堂，分明仍是生活在尘世间，新规矩一大堆，不自由，限制多。肩负新的责任，谈何开心和自由。不过，既已组成新的家庭，就应全力以赴，共尽义务。他们情意绵绵地回想起订婚的浪漫时刻。以前，俩人一直渴望长相厮守，远离尘世间。但看来他们现在已更强烈的意识到，自己仍是这个现代社会的一员，不可能不食人间烟火。2009 TranslationChinese to English我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机。今天没有手机的人是奇怪的，这种人才需要解释。我们的所有社会关系都储存在手机的电话本里，可以随时调出使用。古代只有巫师才能拥有这种法宝。手机刷新了人与人之间的关系。通常有注意到会议室的门上的告示，写着“关闭手机。”然而，会议室仍然充满着铃声。我们都是普通人，没有很多重要的事情。但是，我们也不愿轻易关闭手机。打开手机象征着我们与世界的联系。手机反映出我们的社交饥渴。我们经常看到，一个人走着走着，就突然停下来了，眼睛盯着他的手机，不管他在那里，无论是在道路中心或旁边有厕所。Cell phones have created new human relations. Notices are often seen on the doors of conference rooms, requesting participants to switch off their cell phones. But, one can still hear phones ringing here and there inside. Even though we are only ordinary people engaged in no important work, we still are unwilling to turn off our phones, as they symbolize our connection with the outside world and indicate our “thirst for society”. What most frequently happens is that a phone user would stop walking suddenly, sending short text messages with his eyes glued to the screen, regardless of whether he is in the middle of the road or beside a restroom.English to ChineseWe， the human species， are confronting a planetary emergency a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well： we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst though not all of its consequences， if we act boldly， decisively and quickly. However， despite a growing number of honorable exceptions， too many of the worlds leaders are still best described in the words Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitlers threat： They go on in strange paradox， decided only to be undecided， resolved to be irresolute， adamant for drift， solid for fluidity， all powerful to be impotent. So today， we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet， as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow， we will dump a slightly larger amount， with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun.全球性的危机正向我们逼近，人类文明已经受到威胁。大家聚在一起共商对策，但危机也在聚集力量，随时都有爆发的可能。不过也有令人欣慰的消息：如果反应迅速，行动大胆果断，人类就有能力解决这场危机，虽然不能尽如人意，但却可以阻止其向最坏的方向发展。当年有人对阿道夫希特勒给世界带来的危害不加阻止，听之任之，温斯顿丘吉尔曾形容他们“完全处在一个怪圈中，有了决心又犹豫不决，做了决定又摇摆不定，权力无限但软弱无能。”这些话用在当今许多国家的正要身上再恰当不过。因此，今天全球又向外倾斜七千万炖温室气体，本就稀薄的大气层简直就成了天然的排污口。明天我们还会排放更多有害气体，结果只会吸收越来越多的太阳热量。2010 TranslationChinese to English朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的，容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。朋友之间，情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交，反之，则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉、再亲密，也不能随便过头、不恭不敬，这样，默契和平衡将被打破，友好关系将不复存在。 每个人都希望拥有自己的一片私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，有时或许只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。Common interests and similar temperaments play vital roles in the formation and maintenance of friendships. Without them, friendships will fall apart. Friends, no matter how close and intimate they are, should still maintain boundaries and respect for each other. Or else the tacit understanding and balance will be broken, which costs the friendship. Everyone hopes to own their personal space. Carelessness wil